Isolation of adenovirus from lambs with upper respiratory syndrome.

The role of viruses in the etiology of recurrent upper respiratory disease in newly weaned lambs was studied during 1984-1985 at the North Dakota Sheep Experiment Station. Serum samples collected from lambs at weaning, from lambs with signs of respiratory disease, and 3 weeks following the onset of clinical signs were tested for antibodies to ovine adenovirus (OAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and parainfluenza type-3 virus (PI-3). Virus isolation studies were performed on nasal secretions samples taken at the same time. Parainfluenza type-3 was isolated from 1 of 275 lambs tested, and there was 2.5% overall 4-fold increase in antibody titer to PI-3 during the 2-year study. An adenovirus with a different restriction endonuclease digestion pattern from that previously reported adenovirus strains in the United States was isolated from 13 of 275 nasal secretions collected from lambs at the time of weaning. There was a 17.6% overall 4-fold increase in seroconversion to the adenovirus isolated from the lambs with clinical disease.     

肉牛上呼吸道肺炎克雷伯菌的分离鉴定及耐药分析

为研究重庆地区规模化肉牛场肉牛上呼吸道中肺炎克雷菌的带菌状况及耐药性。本研究从重庆荣昌、丰都两地肉牛上呼吸道分离细菌,采用形态学观察、生化鉴定及16SrRNA分子方法鉴定,获得12株肺炎克雷伯菌,分离率为19.7%,表明肺炎克雷伯菌是肉牛上呼吸道中主要的一种条件致病菌;分离菌株对庆大霉素,丁胺卡那霉素,头孢他啶,妥布霉素等药物敏感,对乙酰螺旋霉素,氨苄西林,苯唑西林耐药率达到100%,分离株存在多重耐药,但两个地区的分离株在耐药性上存在一定差异。     

Antibody titers for canine parvovirus type-2, canine distemper virus, and canine adenovirus type-1 in adult household dogs

Serum antibody titers for canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine adenovirus type-1 (CAV-1) were investigated in 1031 healthy adult household dogs (2 to 18 years old) given an annual inoculation in the previous 11 to 13 months. The number of dogs retaining significant titers of antibodies against CPV-2, CDV, and CAV-1 were 888 (86%), 744 (72%), and 732 (71%), respectively. There were no differences between males and females in antibody titers against the 3 viruses. Antibody titer for CPV-2 was significantly higher in younger dogs than in older dogs, CDV antibody was significantly higher in older dogs than in younger dogs, and CAV titer was not associated with age.     

Investigation of heart rate variability in a dog with upper respiratory tract obstruction

An eight-year-old bull mastiff presented with respiratory obstruction caused by a tumour dorsolateral to the larynx. Removal of the tumour was attempted but the dog died. A novel noninvasive measurement of heart rate variability and cardiac parasympathetic activity, recorded real-time from an electrocardiograph signal, was used to investigate cardiac rhythm in the dog. A simultaneous record of heart rate and cardiac parasympathetic activity showed severe sinus arrhythmia caused by the parasympathetic tone, in which the inspiratory heart rate exceeded 140 beats per minute (bpm) and the expiratory heart rate fell to below 60 bpm. The extent of respiratory modulation of the cardiac parasympathetic activity (vagal tone) has not been reported before using this technique on-line in a conscious, freely-behaving and spontaneously breathing animal. Non-invasive measurements of cardiac parasympathetic tone show great potential for the assessment of animals with systemic and cardiac disease including cardiac failure.     

貉细小病毒SD1607株的分离鉴定及VP 2基因序列分析

从疑似患细小病毒性肠炎的貉子肠道组织样品中分离到一株貉细小病毒(RDPV-SD1607)。为研究其分子遗传特征,对该分离株VP2基因进行克隆序列分析,结果显示,RDPV-SD1607的VP2序列与RDPV-HB3的相似性最高,为99.49%,属于CPV-2亚型;利用其核苷酸序列建立系统进化树发现,RDPV-SD1607处于犬细小病毒分支,且处于CPV-2亚型和CPV-2a亚型分支之间。结果表明,RDPV-SD1607株与犬细小具有共同的遗传起源,推测其可能正处于CPV-2亚型向CPV-2a亚型进化的中间状态,或是CPV适应貉而形成的新毒株。     

鸡源血清4型禽腺病毒的分离鉴定

山东、河北等华北地区12个肉鸡养殖场出现了以心包积液、出血性肝炎为特征的疾病,从采集的病料中进行病毒分离鉴定。本研究对分离的毒株进行PCR扩增、血凝试验、ELD_(50)测定、Hexon基因序列测定与分析以及人工感染试验进行组织病理学观察、抗体水平检测等一系列试验。结果显示,分离的毒株不能凝集鸡和鸭的红细胞,但能够凝集大鼠的红细胞,ELD_(50)为10-3.17/0.2mL。组织学变化显示肝细胞纤维化和脂肪变性,肾小管上皮细胞肿胀、变性,心肌纤维水肿、颗粒变性。对临床采集的血清检测结果显示发病鸡群抗体水平为阳性,发病鸡群中的健康鸡阳性率为40%(40/100),表明鸡群中存在隐性感染。将分离株的Hexon基因组与已发表的血清4型禽腺病毒基因进行同源性比较,发现该分离株与印度株在同一个分支上,同源性在99.6%以上,而与韩国、欧洲、美洲株同源性较远。用分离的毒株感染15日龄的雏鸡能引起心包积液、肝脏出血、肾脏肿大等病变。上述结果表明该分离株为血清4型禽腺病毒。     

虎犬瘟热病毒的分离与初步鉴定

2003年3月，北京市某动物园的一只虎发病死亡，临床症状与病理变化与犬瘟热相似。为了弄清病因，我们进行了相关实验室诊断和研究，报告如下。     

貉源犬瘟热病毒CDV-ZC株分离鉴定、全基因测序与分析

应用非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero)从山东省诸城市疑似犬瘟热(canine distemper,CD)感染貉的肝脏、脾脏、肺脏等组织病料的研磨上清液中分离出1株病毒。分离株经Vero细胞传至第4代出现典型的细胞病变效应(CPE),经毒力测定、血清学、RT-PCR检测及测序、回归动物试验证明为犬瘟热病毒(Canine distemper virus,CDV),命名为CDV诸城分离株(CDV-ZC)。采用RT-PCR方法分段克隆分离株的全基因序列并测序,测序成功的各序列依次拼接得到全基因序列并进行序列比对。结果表明,CDV-ZC株全基因(KJ994343)与标准美洲型犬瘟热强毒株A75/17核苷酸同源性高达96.5%,而与疫苗株Onderstepoort、CDV3等亲缘关系较远,同源性为91.6%~92.0%。血凝素(H)基因序列分析表明,CDV-ZC株与国内野毒株LN(13)2、GP株等以及日本野毒株UENO、HAMA等共同归属于Asia-1型,在H蛋白信号淋巴细胞激活因子(SLAM)受体结合区即542~544位增加了1个潜在N-连接糖基化位点(N-X-S/T)。致病性强毒株CDV-ZC的成功分离及全基因序列测定加深了我们对当前中国CDV流行株遗传变异情况的了解,为CD的有效预防、诊断及控制提供理论依据。     

Echinacea powder: treatment for canine chronic and seasonal upper respiratory tract infections

An open multi-centered veterinary clinical trial, comparing conditions before and after treatment with a herbal preparation, containing the powdered root of Echinacea purpurea, was conducted by 6 practicing veterinarians in Switzerland. The plant-based immune stimulant was administered to 41 dogs with manifestations of chronic and seasonal upper respiratory tract infections, including pharyngitis/tonsillitis, bronchitis and kennel cough. Each animal was at an individual stage of the disease, with various symptoms and different severity scores, at start of treatment. There was no control group. Echinacea powder (1:3) was administered with the food at a dose of 1.0 g/10 kg body weight once daily for 8 weeks. Overall efficacy showed significant improvement for 92% of 39 dogs after 4 weeks of treatment and this was confirmed after 8 weeks. Significant reductions of severity and resolution of typical clinical symptoms, of clear nasal secretions, enlargement of lymph nodes, dry cough, dyspnea and dry lung sounds, were evident after 4 weeks. Only two adverse effects, not suspected to be attributable to the study drug, were recorded. Because quality and stability of the Echinacea powder were defined, using an analytical standard and purity tests, these data suggest, that the Echinacea preparation can be recommended as a well tolerated alternative treatment of canine upper respiratory tract infections.     

犬瘟热病毒强毒株HBF-1株的培育及致病性研究

为研究从北极狐病料样品中分离的一株强毒的致病性,本实验采用病例复制、RT-PCR检测、间接免疫荧光检测(IFA)和电镜观察等方法证实分离得到犬瘟热病毒(CDV),并命名为HBF-1。对该分离株H基因的核苷酸序列比对显示,HBF-1与疫苗株的同源性为91.0%～91.5%,与国内外分离株的同源性为93.5%～99.9%。病毒传代培育试验结果显示HBF-1已适应在北极狐、貉、水貂和犬体内繁殖,具有较广的感染范围。但各种动物的临床症状和剖检病理变化存在不同程度的差异,表明HBF-1分离株对北极狐、貉、水貂和犬的致病力不同;毒力测定结果显示其半数感染量分别为102.46 ID50/mL、102.95 ID50/mL、102.46 ID50/mL和102.58 ID50/mL,表明HBF-1为一株CDV强毒株,可以在不同的经济动物间进行水平传播。本研究结果为开发新的CDV疫苗提供了实验基础。     

Isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the respiratory tract of horses

Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs and tracheal washings taken from Thoroughbred horses in training at three of four separate stables that were sampled during investigations into respiratory disease. The growth of Strep pneumoniae in culture was enhanced by an environment enriched with carbon dioxide. In one stable, five of 15 horses that were sampled repeatedly were found to carry the organism for at least four months. There was an apparent association between lower respiratory tract inflammatory disease and heavy growths (10(6) to 10(8) colony forming units/ml) predominantly of Strep pneumoniae or of that organism together with large numbers of Strep zooepidemicus obtained from tracheal washings. Twelve strains of Strep pneumoniae isolated from three stables were all of capsule Type 3. Only one strain, which was of capsule Type 9, was isolated from nose and throat swabs taken from 32 staff working in one of the stables and suggested an absence of cross infection between horses and their handlers in this instance.     

1株犬类志贺邻单胞菌的分离鉴定及序列分析

从病死犬病料中分离到1株类志贺邻单胞菌,并对该菌做了生理生化鉴定、药敏试验,致病性试验。结果表明,本菌对多种抗生素耐药,其庆大霉素耐药机制与所携带的质粒相关;本菌对小白鼠有强致病性,其LD50为1．6×10^7.4CFU。用PCR方法扩增分离菌株16SrDNA基因并测序,并将其与GenBank上其他细菌16SrDNA核苷酸序列进行同源性分析。结果表明,分离株的16SrDNA核苷酸序列与类志贺邻单胞菌（GQ359962．1）的同源性为98％,因此将该分离菌株鉴定为致病性肠球菌,命名为YN-1株（云南-1株）。