Biological soil crust community types differ in key ecological functions

Soil stability, nitrogen and carbon fixation were assessed for eight biological soil crust community types within a Mojave Desert wilderness site. Cyanolichen crust outperformed all other crusts in multi-functionality whereas incipient crust had the poorest performance. A finely divided classification of biological soil crust communities improves estimation of ecosystem function and strengthens the accuracy of landscape-scale assessments.     

红壤丘陵区不同植被恢复模式土壤理化性质相关分析

南方红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀严重,成为我国生态系统退化地带之一,为了探讨植被恢复模式与土壤理化性质改良关系,合理利用丘陵区土地,本文研究了草本、果树、果树+草、果树+草+农作物和果树+农作物等不同植被恢复模式对土壤物理及化学性质的影响,并运用灰色关联分析方法对不同恢复模式的土壤理化性质进行相关分析。研究结果表明:不同植被恢复模式土壤理化性质影响差异显著,百喜草全园覆盖的草本模式改良土壤理化性质的综合效应最佳,然后依次是果树+农作物、果树+草+农作物、果树+草。横坡套种土壤改良效应明显优于纵坡套种,全区覆盖处理优于带状覆盖处理。南方丘陵区侵蚀劣地植被恢复,可以优先考虑恢复百喜草的草本模式和果树+农作物模式,尤其是,果树+横坡套种农作物模式适宜在南方丘陵区大力推广。     

科尔沁沙地结皮发育对土壤理化性质影响的研究

通过野外取样和室内分析,初步研究了科尔沁沙地植被恢复过程中结皮的理化性质及其结皮发育对下层土壤特性的影响。结果表明,半流动、半固定和固定沙丘分别发育了物理、地衣及苔藓结皮,结皮的厚度、紧实度、水分、粘粉粒含量及各种全效、速效养分随沙漠化逆转趋势依次增加。同时,结皮的存在增加了其下层土壤的容重值,提高了颗粒组成中的极细砂和粘粉粒含量,富集了结皮下土壤的有机质、全N、全P、速效N、速效P等养分,随着结皮的发育,结皮对下层土壤的上述影响作用从半流动沙丘到半固定、固定沙地呈逐渐增长的趋势。沙漠化逆转过程中,结皮对土壤养分的富集在0-5 cm范围内,由表及里呈递减趋势。同一沙丘结皮下0-2.5 cm层土壤的容重、粘粉粒含量、养分含量均高于2.5-5 cm层及对照无结皮层相对应的值。     

Incidence of soil surface crust types in semi-arid Niger

Soil water availability is most essential in the Sahelian agriculture but is hampered by several factors. Surface crusts or crust-like surfaces, which are characteristic of most Sahelian soils, have been shown to decrease water infiltrability and increase runoff. Their type and structure are influenced by soil texture, vegetation cover, erosion and deposition effects of wind and water. A soil and terrain survey in semi-arid SW-Niger was carried out to explain the patterns of soil surface crusts and the deterioration of the land. The soil surface crusts were shown to depend also on specific terrain factors including land use type and intensity, and terrain type and position. Chemical and physical soil factors such as organic carbon, soil colour and texture occurring with specific crusts indicate soil degradation, especially in sloping terrain, which increases runoff and soil erosion. For sandy soils, surface tillage is required to break up the crusts. Higher surface organic matter is recommended to enhance water infiltration in soils.     

Physical characterization,spectral response and remotely sensed mapping of Mediterranean soil surface crusts

Soil surface crusting and sealing are frequent but unfavorable processes in Mediterranean areas. Soil crust and seals form on bare soil subject to high-intensity rainfall, resulting in a hard, impenetrable layer that impedes infiltration and hampers the germination and establishment of plants. The adverse consequences of overland flow and reduced fertility can lead to erosion and ongoing degradation. Therefore, information on the distribution of surface crusts and their physical properties is essential to combat the undesired effects of crust formation in e.g. soil erosion and soil compaction. We studied the occurrence of crusts in a study area in Mediterranean southern France. Our objectives were to compare the physical and hydrological properties of the crusts and underlying soil, to identify the spectral characteristics (400 to 2500 nm) of the crusted and non-crusted soil surfaces using high-resolution field spectra, and to investigate the potential of mapping crust occurrence using airborne, hyperspectral HyMap images. The differences in some physical properties between crusted and non-crusted surfaces are significant while others are only marginal. Crusting markedly reduces the infiltration capacity and crust strength varies between the different soil types. Spectral differences are small, mainly in albedo values (overall reflectance) and in absorption band depth and shape. Albedo differences range from 8 to 40%. Differences in absorption band features in the spectra of crusts and non-crusted surfaces are small. Sixty percent of the crusted soil surfaces showed stronger absorption features in the clay mineral absorption bands at 2200 nm than non-crusted soils. Increased absorption is due to a relative enrichment in fines. Spectral feature fitting and linear spectral unmixing algorithms were applied to airborne HyMap images to evaluate the possibilities of mapping surface crusts. Crusts could be mapped in fallow, agricultural fields, but the spectral response of natural badlands was too fragmented for crust mapping.     

Characterization of soil surface properties following disturbance of a clay soil in southern Manitoba

This research demonstrated the use of a laser profiling system (LPS) and digital imagery as useful tools in measuring soil micro-topography and crop residue cover following a soil disturbance event. The soil micro-topography was characterized in terms of surface roughness using two geostatistical approaches; semivariance analysis and the mean absolute-elevation-difference method. Univariate statistical analysis was also used. All three procedures used to describe surface roughness were successful in detecting changes in surface roughness due to soil disturbance and the addition of corn residue. There was a definite advantage in using the geostatistical approaches to characterize surface roughness as the indices they provide give insight into the characteristics of the surface roughness. Crop residue cover was measured using digital images and image analysis software to contrast the soil and the crop residues.The series of field experiments examined the roles of both soil disturbance and corn residue and their interactions on surface roughness, crop residue cover, exposed surface area, and near-surface porosity. Soil disturbance and the addition of corn residue were both found to be significant factors affecting the surface roughness, crop residue cover, exposed surface area, and near-surface porosity. Due to the interaction and added effects of crop residue, it was also demonstrated that the calculated surface area may not be a measure of exposed soil area, but rather it is a combination of soil and residue surface areas. Similarly, the roughness of a surface does not only reflect the soil clods produced during tillage but that of the residue itself. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the information gathered by the LPS and digital imagery can be used to evaluate surface characteristics arising from different tillage practices.     

Spatial pattern and heterogeneity of soil properties in sand dunes under grazing and restoration in Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China

Applying a combination of classical and geostatistical methods, we identified soil properties and their spatial variation in a 5-year grazed sand dune (GSD5) and a 20-year recovered sand dune (RSD20) in Horqin Sandy Land, northern China. The paper assesses the effect of grazing, topography and vegetation restoration on spatial heterogeneity of soil properties. The results showed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, very fine sand (0.1–0.05 mm) content and their coefficients of variation were lower in GSD5 than in RSD20, while soil water contents (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm depths) were higher in GSD5 than in RSD20. Geostatistical analysis revealed that the spatial structured variance accounted for the largest proportion of total sample variance in soil properties at the measured scale under grazing and restoration. The spatial autocorrelation ranges were 66.30 m for soil organic carbon and 50.80 m for total nitrogen in GSD5 less than those in RSD20 (70.00 m and 76.10 m, respectively), while the spatial autocorrelation ranges of soil particle size fractions and soil water contents in RSD20 were less than those in GSD5. Kriging-interpolated maps also showed that the heterogeneity of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and their degree of patch fragmentation were higher in GSD5 than in RSD20. These results suggested that continuous grazing resulted in an increase in spatial variability of soil nutrient and a decrease in spatial variability of soil particle size fractions and soil water content. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen of sand dunes are associated closely with soil particle size fractions, relative height of sampling site and vegetation cover. Spatial patterns of soil properties are most strongly related to grazing, topography and plant-induced heterogeneity in sand dune ecosystems prone to wind erosion.     

陕北毛乌素沙地生物结皮发育特征的初步研究

通过野外采样和室内分析相结合,掌握了陕北毛乌素沙地不同采样点生物结皮层的理化性质以及该地区生物结皮的发育特征,为以后进一步研究毛乌素沙地生物结皮的防风固沙效应奠定了理论基础.结果表明:随着生物结皮的发育,结皮层厚度增加.最大值为11.82 mm;土壤颗粒细化,0.02～0.05 mm之间的颗粒含量为7.3%～27.7%,高于流沙中的颗粒含量;由于颗粒的细化,结皮层容重增加,其抗剪强度明显提高,且抗剪强度与厚度和容重之间存在一定的相关性.生物结皮层pH值为7.23～7.81,低于流动沙地的pH值;有机质、N和K含量明显高于流沙的含量;P含量有所增加但不明显.研究表明,各个样点的生物结皮效应表现有所不同,原因有多方面.主要是结皮的发育程度、植被盖度以及采样点地形地貌之间的差异所引起.     

科尔沁沙地奈曼沙区小叶杨防护林带间植被与土壤特性变化

[目的] 以科尔沁沙地奈曼沙区小叶杨(Populus simonii)防护林为研究区域，研究防护林带间植被修复与土壤发育的最适行带配置模式，为科尔沁沙地人工造林提供科学依据。 [方法] 对4种不同带间距的行带式小叶杨防护林带间植物群落多样性、土壤理化性质及其相关性进行研究。 [结果] 带间距的大小对小叶杨防护林带间植被与土壤恢复有明显影响，植被恢复与土壤恢复是相辅相成的。① 自然状态下防护林带间物种多样性及群落稳定性具体表现为：带间距10 m＞6 m＞4 m＞2 m； ②土壤含水量及土壤养分(有机碳、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾)含量表现为：带间距10 m＞6 m＞4 m＞2 m，土壤容重为：带间距10 m＜6 m＜4 m＜2 m； ③在0-60 cm土层深度中，不同带间距小叶杨防护林带间物种多样性指数与土壤理化性质呈现出不同程度的显著或极显著相关(p＜0.05)，其中与各物种多样性指数相关性最大的为土壤容重，与各土壤理化性质相关性最明显的物种多样性指数为Margalef丰富度指数。 [结论] 在科尔沁沙地奈曼沙区小叶杨人工造林过程中，适当增大行带式小叶杨造林带间距，能够有效提高林地生产水平与生态效益。综合考虑带间植被与土壤恢复，造林带间距达到10 m为宜。     

Impacts of different surface features on soil detachment in the subtropical region

Near-surface features have a great influence on runoff and detachment processes by overland flow, but the contributions are still unclear on steep slopes with yellow soil in subtropical humid regions. Field scouring experiments were conducted to investigate how near-surface features affect hydraulic parameters and detachment rate by overland flow. Five treatments and a baseline (disturbed rootless bare cropland) were designed to identify the contributions from stem-leaves, litter, biological soil crusts (BSCs), root systems and non-disturbance, respectively. The results showed that (1) the values of velocity, Reynolds number and Froude number for vegetated slopes were significantly lower than that of baseline, and stem-leaves made a greater contribution (average of 47.30%) to reducing kinetic energy than the other features; (2) the total contribution rate of grassland was 99.38%, and of this total, 1.19, 1.44, 2.49, 49.79 and 44.47% reductions were attributed to the stem-leaves, litter, BSCs, root systems and non-disturbance, respectively. Root system and non-disturbance dominated the detachment rate reduction; (3) with increasing flow rate or slope gradient, the total contribution rate remained between 98% and 100%; and (4) for each treatment, the relationship between detachment rate and hydraulic parameters remained constant, and the stream power was the best predictor to detachment rate. The study results are helpful in evaluating the effects of near-surface features on erosion control and providing reference for government decision-makers to choose appropriate soil conservation and management practices.     

Relationships among dust outbreaks, vegetation cover, and surface soil water content on the Loess Plateau of China, 1999–2000

We analyzed relationships among dust outbreaks, Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI), and surface soil water content (0 to 2 cm depth) on the Loess Plateau, a significant dust source area of East Asia. World Surface Data for wind speed and current weather, coarse-resolution data for NDVI, and a three-layer soil model for surface soil water content were used. The threshold NDVI for preventing dust outbreaks was about 0.2 when the wind speed ranged from 7 to 8 m s^− 1. This threshold NDVI corresponds to a vegetation cover of 18%. The threshold ratio of surface soil water content to the field capacity (θ_r) was about 0.2. Conditions facilitating dust outbreaks on the Loess Plateau are when NDVI is less than 0.2 with wind speed  7 m s^− 1 and θ_r < 0.2, and when NDVI is greater than 0.2 with wind speed  9 m s^− 1 and θ_r < 0.2.     

Changes in soil properties after afforestation in Horqin Sandy Land,North China

We studied the changes in soil properties after afforestation on desertification-affected sandy soils to estimate how much time would be required for soils to recover enough for use in sustainable food production. We surveyed soils near and within 3-, 9-, and 19year- old plantations of poplar (Poplus simonii) in the central part of Naiman County, eastern Inner Mongolia, China. Changes in the soil properties following afforestation included an accumulation of fine particles (clay + silt) and soil organic carbon (SOC) in the surface horizons. The contents of fine particles and SOC increased slowly in the first 9-year period and then rapidly between 10 and 19 years, being higher at concave than convex sites. Soil parameters such as available moisture level, amounts of available N and available P, and CEC that control soil fertility showed a similar trend to that of the contents of fine particles and SOC. The contents of fine particles and SOC were higher at the windward edge than in the center of the 19-year-old poplar plantation, suggesting that the accumulation of fine particles was caused by the decrease in wind velocity due to the presence of vegetation. The increase in the SOC content may be caused by the increased carbon input to soils from the vegetation and by the deposition of fine particles with a higher C concentration than that of native sandy soils. Soil fertility, represented by the amounts of available N in the upper 20 cm layer of the soil, recovered after 19 years under poplars, and was similar to that of adjacent fertile cropland. However, the amount of available N under plantations younger than 10 years was lower than that in cropland soils, suggesting that a period of between 10 and 20 years is required for soils to recover from desertified conditions and be utilized for intensive crop farming once again.     

Effects of trench planting and soil chiselling on soil properties and citrus production in hilly ultisols of China

Trench planting and soil chiselling are special techniques of soil utilization and reclamation for citrus production in the hilly red soil region of China. Serious erosion, acidity, compactness, low fertility, and seasonal drought are major problems in this region. These problems in the red soil (i.e., ultisol in US taxonomy system) limit plant production, especially that of deeply rooting plants. Trench planting was aimed at improving the entire rooting space for the citrus tree growth before the citrus saplings are transplanted to the red soil. Several years later, in order to provide more rooting space for the mature citrus trees, another soil chiselling trench was made beside the planting trench. Materials, including lime, fertilizer and organic manure, were mixed in both planting and chiselling trenches, rapidly increasing soil nutrients in the entire rooting depth and improving soil structure and other soil physical conditions. The yield observations showed that the citrus trees bore fruit one year earlier in the trench planted orchard than in the conventional orchard, and that the citrus yield increased more than three times in eight years after the citrus saplings were transplanted.     

Effects of soil crust and crop on runoff and erosion in Loess Plateau

Soil crust formed after rainfall has a strong influence on soil erosion, water use, and crop growth on sloping farmland. To study the effect of soil crust on sloping farmland on runoff amount and erosion sediment yield, the soil crust on sloping farmland has been studied in this paper for plantings of corn, soybeans, millet, and winter wheat. Using an outdoor rainfall simulator, the influence of soil crust on runoff rate and sediment yield on sloping farmland covered by crops has been observed. The results revealed that soil crust thickness was increased after rainfall and soil crust coverage showed little change after rainfall. Soil crust had a significant impact on runoff and sediment yield on sloping farmland. Slopes with soil crust showed higher runoff rate and less soil loss than slopes without soil crust. On slopes planted with four crops (corn, soybeans, millet, and winter wheat), runoff rates on slopes with soil crust were respectively 20%, 25%, 25%, and 21% higher than on slopes without soil crust; sediment yield on slopes with soil crust was respectively 15%, 14%, 14%, and 8% lower than on slopes without soil crust. Crops enlarged the runoff difference between the two kinds of slope and decreased the sediment yield difference between them. Crop growth enhanced these differences in runoff and sediment yield between slopes with and without soil crust.     

植烟沙泥田土掺混紫色土对土壤酶活性及理化性质的影响

为了探讨南雄烟区植烟沙泥田土壤改良新途径,采用盆栽方法研究了沙泥田土掺不同比例紫色土后土壤的理化性质和相关酶活性的变化规律。结果表明:当沙泥田土掺混10%~50%的紫色土后,土壤的砂粒含量逐渐下降到11.57%,粉粒含量逐渐上升到62.19%,土壤质地由壤土逐渐变为粉砂壤土,pH值从微酸性逐渐变成弱碱性;氧化还原酶类酶的活性逐渐增强,水解酶类酶活性则逐渐减弱,微量元素含量(钼除外)逐渐降低,中量元素交换性钙和交换性镁含量分别比对照(A1)增加了313%和37.1%;当沙泥田土掺混30%紫色土时,全钾和缓效钾含量分别比对照(A1)高出50%和69.2%,但其它养分含量有不同程度下降;相关分析结果表明,土壤酶活性受到土壤养分和中微量元素含量的影响,过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、酸性磷酸酶和中性磷酸酶活性与pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、全钾和速效钾等养分含量均达到显著或极显著相关水平;有效铜、有效锌、有效硼、交换性钙和交换性镁含量与过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和中性磷酸酶活性均达到显著或极显著相关水平;通过主成分分析得出沙泥田土掺混10%紫色土后的土壤因子综合主成分分值最高,掺混效果最好。     

黄土结皮的发育机理与侵蚀效应研究

了解土壤结皮的发育特征及其对侵蚀的影响作用,是认识土壤侵蚀机理、建立精准侵蚀预报模型的重要理论支持之一。本文通过模拟降雨试验,探讨有无雨滴打击作用下黄土结皮的发育过程以及前期有无结皮时结皮侵蚀效应的动态特征。结果表明:(1)随降雨的进行,黄土结皮发生层容重、抗剪强度(含水率为20%)不断增加,30min内形成厚度约3～4mm稳定结皮层;(2)消除雨滴打击后,黄土结皮发育过程同有雨滴打击时类似,但程度减弱。雨滴打击同湿润作用对黄土结皮形成的贡献作用基本相当;(3)降雨初期有、无结皮处理抗剪强度差别大,随后急剧下降并趋同,因而黄土结皮影响抗蚀性的作用微弱,累积溅蚀量的差异主要由溅蚀起始时间的变化引起;(4)黄土结皮的存在明显的减少入渗、增加径流,但结皮效应随降雨进行逐渐消失。溅蚀效应的函数表达式为C=0.6670ln(t)-3.2459,结合溅蚀量的计算式,可较为准确地预测前期无结皮时某降雨历时的累积溅蚀量。     

土壤调理剂对土壤理化性质及甘蓝生理特性的影响

试验研究了土壤调理剂对土壤结构性质和甘蓝根系活力、光合指标的影响.结果表明,施用调理剂后,处理两次、处理一次分别使20 cm和30 cm土层的容重下降7.3%、1.9%和4.6%、1.3%,孔隙度分别提高9.3%、2.8%和5.9%、1.9%;与对照相比,处理两次后的阳离子交换量在0～27 cm、27～45 cm土层分别增加5.7%和10.9%;甘蓝的根系活力,处理与对照相比达到1%的显著差异水平;改变了Pn的光合日变化曲线,提高了甘蓝对光强的适应能力,光合能力加强.     

不同改良剂对滨海盐渍土土壤理化性质和小麦生长的影响

【目的】盐分胁迫是滨海盐渍土上粮食产量提高的主要障碍因子之一。研究不同功能性改良物料对消除和减轻这一障碍因子的作用,为改良盐渍化土壤和提高作物产量提供理论依据。【方法】以小麦品种‘青麦 6 号’为供试材料,在滨海盐渍土上进行田间试验,设置 7 个处理为空白对照（CK）、含钙物料的磷石膏（PG）和脱硫石膏（FGD）、调酸物料的硫酸亚铁（FS）、含碳材料的牛粪（M）以及含碳和调酸物料的腐植酸（HA）和糠醛渣（FRs）,分析比较不同改良剂对滨海盐渍化土壤理化性质以及对小麦生长发育的影响。【结果】施加改良剂降低了土壤表层 (0—20 cm) 的 pH 值,作为酸性材料的腐植酸、糠醛渣和硫酸亚铁效果明显,土壤的 pH 值较对照分别降低了 0.10、0.11 和 0.11;施改良剂降低了土壤的交换性钠离子含量和钠的吸附比 (sodium adsorption ratio, 简称 SAR),磷石膏和脱硫石膏提供充足的钙离子用于置换土壤中交换性钠离子,明显降低了不同土层中的交换性钠离子含量和 SAR 值,0—20 cm、20—40 cm 和 40—60 cm 土层中,磷石膏和脱硫石膏对土壤交换性钠离子含量和 SAR 值的降低效果明显,其中施加磷石膏分别较对照降低了 15.5% 和 18.3% (0—20 cm)、28.2% 和 28.6% (20—40 cm)、36.5% 和 36.5% (40—60 cm),施加脱硫石膏分别较对照降低了 24.9% 和 27.9% (0—20 cm)、27.6% 和 26.3% (20—40 cm)、24.5% 和 25.0% (40—60 cm);施加改良剂增加了小麦成熟期的穗数,其中磷石膏、脱硫石膏和糠醛渣改良效果显著,分别较对照增加 27.6%、24.5% 和 18.6%,并分别提高小麦的产量 26.7%、17.8% 和 17.8%。【结论】 酸性物料的糠醛渣、腐植酸和硫酸亚铁,可以明显降低土壤 pH 值和增加小麦苗期的茎蘖数量,综合考虑改良剂对土壤 pH、Na+ 含量、SAR 值和小麦群体数量的影响,含碳的调酸物料的糠醛渣效果较好;含钙物料的磷石膏和脱硫石膏,可以显著降低土壤 Na+ 含量以及 SAR 值,增加小麦成熟期穗数,提高小麦产量均具有显著的效果,磷石膏效果最佳。     

Effects of desertification on soil and crop growth properties in Horqin sandy cropland of Inner Mongolia, north China

Wind erosion and accumulated sand are recognized as the primary forms of cropland desertification in the arid and semiarid region, Inner Mongolia. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the effects of wind erosion and accumulated sand on soil properties and crop growth properties in this region. A field experiment was conducted from 2001 to 2002 on desertified cropland with gradients of wind erosion and accumulated sand to investigate changes in soil and crop growth properties resulting from desertification in the Horqin sandy land. Results indicated that the soil environment degraded significantly and crop growth and biomass were seriously restrained by wind erosion. In the severely eroded cropland, soil clay, organic matter, total N and P, available N and P, average soil moisture decreased by 59.6%, 71.2%, 67.4%, 31.4%, 64.5%, 38.8% and 51.8%, respectively. Erosion increased soil pH from 8.66 to 8.92; delayed plant life cycle by 6 days, decreased plant height and diameter by 15.5% and 29.1%, and decreased above and below ground biomass and seed yield by 87.3%, 47.9% and 96.5%, respectively. Effects of a little accumulated sand were fewer on soil properties and crop growth and seed yield compared to wind erosion, severe accumulated sand effects on the cropland remain to be studied further. The results of correlation analysis showed that crop biomass and seed production were significantly correlated to organic matter, total N, pH and soil moisture under circumstance of worsened soil environment. In the windy and sandy region in Inner Mongolia, some measures to control cropland erosion should be introduced including construction of windbreak, stubble cultivation, increased organic fertilizer and spring irrigation.     

土壤消毒措施对土壤物理特性及黄瓜生长发育的影响

采用田间试验方法,研究了垄沟式太阳能消毒、石灰氮麦秸、垄鑫3种土壤消毒方法对日光温室土壤物理特性及黄瓜生长发育的影响。结果表明,垄沟式太阳能消毒处理对土壤物理特性未产生较大影响,处理后粗粉粒含量较对照降低9.5%,砂粒两个粒径(0.1～0.5mm、0.5～1.0mm)含量较对照分别增加39.4%、117.7%,其余组分无明显变化;石灰氮麦秸处理后黏粒含量增加163%,细粉粒两粒径(0.001～0.005mm、0.005～0.01mm)含量较对照分别增加52.1%和116.8%;施用垄鑫处理后土壤黏粒含量较对照降低65.8%,细粉粒两个粒径含量较对照分别降低33.0%、32.2%。不同处理对土壤微团聚体的形成均有一定阻碍作用,其中石灰氮麦秸处理对土壤团聚体的形成影响最大,其次是垄鑫处理,垄沟式太阳能消毒处理影响最小。3个土壤消毒处理都能提高黄瓜平均叶片数、平均株高、叶绿素含量和黄瓜产量,其中垄沟式太阳能消毒处理能显著提高黄瓜生物学指标,有良好的增产效果。