兰州地区宠物犬弓形虫病血清学检测分析

为了解兰州地区宠物犬弓形虫病的感染情况以及不同弓形虫检测方法检测结果的差异,本研究对兰州地区272例宠物诊所受检犬进行弓形虫阳性检出率的统计分析;对66份犬血样进行间接血凝试验（IHA）与酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测,并将2种方法进行比较。结果表明,弓形虫的感染率与年龄有关,随着年龄的增长感染率增加,犬小于1岁感染率最低,为3.77%,1～3岁感染率为10.59%,3～5岁感染率为15.28%,大于5岁时感染率最高,为22.58%,不同性别之间感染无显著差异（P>0.05）;IHA与ELISA检测结果经t检验比较差异不显著（P＞0.05）。     

北京地区犬猫弓形虫病血清学调查

比较了酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和乳胶凝集试验对犬猫进行龚地弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）抗体检测的结果.在66只犬猫的血清中,ELISA方法检测的阳性率为24.0%,乳胶凝集试验阳性率为21.0%,二者的检测结果差异不显著（P＞0.05）.后采用ELISA方法对北京地区家养的159只犬和128只猫进行了弓形虫IGg抗体的检测,共有21只犬（13.21%）和18只猫（14.06%）检测结果为阳性.1岁以下犬（3.70%）、猫（4.35%）低于1至3岁犬（11.29%）和猫（6.98%）的感染率.3～6岁犬猫的感染率分别是27.27%和16.22%,6岁以上犬（30.0%）、猫（32.0%）的感染率最高.不同性别之间感染无明显差异（P＞0.05）.     

辽西地区宠物犬刚地弓形虫血清学调查

弓形虫病是一种人畜共患的寄生在细胞内的原虫病,对人类尤其是妇女和儿童的危害很大。为了解辽西地区宠物犬弓形虫感染情况,在2012年3月至2013年5月期间,用间接血凝试验(IHA)法对辽西锦州、盘锦、阜新、朝阳和葫芦岛5市收集的557份血清样本进行了检测。结果:共检测出阳性犬79只,感染率为14.2%。各个市的感染率公犬和母犬间差异均不显著(P>0.05);1岁及以下、1岁到3岁(含3岁)、3岁到5岁(含5岁)、5岁以上的阳性率分别为4.5%,11.7%,25.0%和29.3%,差异显著(P<0.05)。表明,辽西地区宠物犬弓形虫感染情况较严重,必须采取有效措施,加强宠物犬弓形虫病的预防和控制工作。     

兰州市城关区犬弓形虫病流行情况血清学调查与分析

为研究兰州市城关区犬弓形虫病的流行情况,本试验采用宠物用弓形虫抗体快速检测卡和/或弓形虫间接血凝试验(IHA),对城关区3家宠物诊所就诊犬和兰州市流浪动物救助站流浪犬共计439只进行检测分析。结果表明:3家宠物诊所就诊犬感染率分别为7.1%、6.9%、6.5%,均低于平均感染率7.5%,流浪动物救助站流浪犬感染率较高,为10.2%;犬弓形虫的感染率随着年龄的增长也在增加,调查中1岁犬感染率3.2%,1~3岁和3~6岁年龄段分别为5.6%和6.0%,6岁犬感染率11.34%;但不同性别犬对弓形虫的感染差异不显著。     

呼和浩特地区犬弓形虫病血清学调查

为了研究呼和浩特地区犬弓形虫感染情况,试验采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对不同来源、不同性别、不同年龄试验动物的弓形虫抗体IgG与IgM进行检测.结果表明:酶联免疫吸附试验检测犬弓形虫抗体IgG与IgM 性率分别为12.4%和4.6%;不同来源犬的弓形虫感染率有显著差异,不同性别犬感染率无明显差异,随着年龄的增长I...     

藏獒犬弓形虫病的血清学调查

为初步了解青海省大通县3个地区藏獒犬弓形虫病感染的流行病学特征,本试验采用间接血凝试验(IHA)方法检测了采集自大通县桥头镇、城关镇和多林镇地区的80份藏獒犬血清样本。结果提示:大通县藏獒犬的弓形虫抗体阳性率为3.75%,且均为散养的成年护院藏獒犬,在养殖场中未检测出弓形虫阳性;其中1岁内的藏獒犬未检出阳性,检出1岁以上的藏獒犬阳性率为6.98%(3/43),不同年龄藏獒犬间存在显著差异(P0.05)。随着年龄的增长,藏獒犬感染弓形虫的几率增加,且夏季是弓形虫病的高发季节。调查结果表明弓形虫的感染与犬的饮食、环境有一定的关系,应加强对散养户的饲养管理,确保人和藏獒犬的安全,防止人畜间的互相传播。     

永善县云南半细毛羊弓形虫病血清学调查

为了解永善县云南半细毛羊的弓形虫感染情况,利用弓形虫间接血凝试验(IHA)检测205份云南半细毛羊血清弓形虫抗体。结果显示：92份血清阳性,总阳性率为44.9%,其中雄性和雌性羊血清阳性率分别为50.0%、43.8%,不同性别云南半细毛羊弓形虫抗体阳性率差异不显著(P>0.05);年龄小于12月龄的羊血清样品阳性率为47.0%,12月龄以上的羊血清样品阳性率为35.1%,不同年龄云南半细毛羊弓形虫抗体阳性率差异不显著(P>0.05)。该地区半细毛羊弓形虫感染率较高,需要加强防治。     

湖南省长沙市宠物医院犬弓形虫病血清学调查

为了解湖南省长沙市宠物犬弓形虫感染状况,2017—2018年对长沙市宠物监测点的犬只抽样,采用间接酶联免疫方法进行弓形虫抗体检测。2017年共抽检血清707份,发现抗体阳性率为9.34%;2018年抽检血清711份,发现抗体阳性率为8.02%,较2017年稍微下降。从不同地区比较,天心区弓形虫感染率较高,均在13%以上;芙蓉区、岳麓区阳性率出现下降趋势,其中芙蓉区下降最快,从9.88%下降到4.79%,岳麓区从10.20%下降到6.98%;其他两区阳性率维持在7%～9%之间,相对平衡。对不同犬种、性别、年龄及季节进行比较分析发现,不同品种犬的弓形虫感染情况有差异,萨摩、中华田园、雪纳瑞、博美、柯基等犬种的阳性率相对偏高,在10%以上;犬弓形虫感染与性别关联性不大,差异不显著(P=0.086, 0.05);1岁以上犬的阳性率明显高于1岁以下犬,差异显著(P=0.012,0.05);不同季节犬只的弓形虫抗体阳性率差异显著(P=0,0.05)。调查表明:长沙市城区存在一定的犬弓形虫流行,整体呈下降趋势;犬弓形虫感染与年龄、季节相关,年龄越大阳性率越高,冬季更易感染。建议加强犬类管理,向饲养者普及相关饲养及弓形虫病预防知识,尤其是弓形虫感染严重地区;定期做好弓形虫检查和驱虫工作,重点关注感染率较高的犬种和1岁以上犬,尤其是冬季。本研究初步摸清了长沙市城区宠物犬弓形虫的感染程度及分布特点,为今后弓形虫病防控提供了数据支撑。     

闵行区犬猫弓形虫感染情况调查

为调查和了解闵行区犬猫弓形虫感染情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)方法分别对2021—2022年采集的1 071份犬血清样品和230份猫血清样品开展弓形虫抗体检测。犬猫弓形虫IgG抗体阳性率为18.3%,其中：犬2021年和2022年阳性率分别为18.9%、20.5%,农村犬、犬场犬、宠物犬和流浪犬阳性率分别为25.9%、18.3%、17.4%和16.7%,不同年份、不同来源之间阳性率差异不显著(P>0.05);猫2021年和2022年阳性率分别为10.3%、12.6%,不同年份之间阳性率差异不显著(P>0.05),宠物猫和流浪猫阳性率分别为7.3%、15.7%,不同来源之间阳性率差异显著(P<0.05)。结果提示：闵行区犬猫弓形虫感染率较高,且犬的感染率高于猫,存在公共卫生安全隐患。     

2014年上海城区家养犬猫刚地弓形虫血清学抗体情况调查

为监测自2002年起弓形虫病防控技术实施以来上海市区犬猫弓形虫病的感染情况,本研究应用弓形虫酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),对2014年本市4个城区免疫点收治的共291条犬和91只猫的血清样品进行了抗体检测。ELISA检测结果显示,2014年犬、猫弓形虫抗体阳性率分别为5.50%和5.49%,不同季节间差异显著(P0.05),春季最高,为16.48%。本次调查表明上海市区仍然存在犬猫弓形虫感染,但弓形虫病防控技术的实施对降低其感染起到一定作用。笔者对16例弓形虫抗体阳性家养犬病例和5例弓形虫抗体阳性家养猫病例进行了回访调查,结果发现,该21例动物主人的弓形虫检测结果均为阴性。     

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Neospora caninum infection in different dog populations in Spain

In this study, Neospora caninum seroprevalence and some associated risk factors were investigated in four different dog populations in Spain. N. caninum seropositivity was significantly higher in farm dogs (51%, 51/100) (P<0.001) and lower in household dogs (2.9%, 3/102) (P<0.0001). The seroprevalence in hunting (23%, 23/100) and stray (24.5%, 23/94) dogs was moderate, and no significant differences were observed between these two populations (P>0.05). A significantly higher number of dogs showed titres of 1:50-1:100 (68%, 68/100) than >or=1:200 (33%, 33/100) titres (P<0.0001). N. caninum antibodies were more often detected in mixed breed than pure breed dogs (P<0.01), but when data were stratified by dog type a significant association was not found (P>0.05). A significantly higher prevalence of N. caninum was observed in dogs over 1 year old (P<0.01), indicating that horizontal transmission may be the most important route of infection. The presence of N. caninum antibodies was significantly more frequent in Leishmania infantum-seropositive hunting (P<0.05) and stray dogs (P<0.00001). This study confirms that farm, stray and hunting dogs can be considered at-risk dog populations for N. caninum infection in Spain.     

北京地区犬猫弓形虫病流行病学调查

为初步调查北京地区犬猫弓形虫感染的流病学特征,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法检测2010年5月至2011年4月采集的家养犬猫、流浪猫血清样本.其中,家养犬血清样本1876份,家养猫血清样本561份,检测发现,家养犬动物弓形虫IgG抗体阳性率24.9％;家养猫弓形虫IgG阳性率21.2％;同时检测流浪猫样本201份,阳性率30.3％.家养犬弓形虫血清抗体阳性率不同季节间差异显著(P＜0.05),夏季最高,为30.0％,家养猫弓形虫血清抗体阳性率不同季节间无显著差异(P＞0.05).不同性别犬猫弓形虫血清抗体阳性率无显著差异(P＞0.05).随着年龄增长,犬猫弓形虫抗体阳性率均有明显增长.对25例弓形虫抗体阳性家养犬病例和37例弓形虫抗体阳性家养猫病例进行了回访调查,结果发现,该62例动物主人的弓形虫检测结果均为阴性.     

Prevalence of dog intestinal parasites and risk perception of zoonotic infection by dog owners in São Paulo State, Brazil

Coprological examination was used to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in stray and domiciled dogs from Botucatu, S?o Paulo State, Brazil. Risk factors for dog infection were assessed in relation to demographic, husbandry and management data. The dog owners completed a questionnaire survey on some aspects of dog parasitism such as parasite species, mechanisms of infection, awareness of zoonotic diseases and history of anthelmintic usage. Parasites were found in the faeces of 138 dogs, with an overall prevalence of 54.3%. Dogs harbouring one parasite were more common (31.4%) than those harbouring two (18.5%), three (3.2%) or four (1.2%). The following parasites and their respective frequencies were detected: Ancylostoma (37.8%), Giardia (16.9%), Toxocara canis (8.7%), Trichuris vulpis (7.1%), Dipylidium caninum (2.4%), Isospora (3.5%), Cryptosporidium (3.1%) and Sarcocystis (2.7%). Stray dogs were found more likely to be poliparasitized (P<0.01) and presented higher prevalence of Ancylostoma, T. canis and Giardia (P<0.01) than domiciled ones. Toxocara canis was detected more frequently in dogs with <6 months of age (P<0.05) and no effect of sex or breed could be observed (P>0.05). Except for Ancylostoma, that showed a significantly higher prevalence in dogs living in a multi-dog household (P<0.01), parasite prevalences were similar in single- and multi-dog household. The answers of dog owners to the questionnaire showed that the majority does not know the species of dog intestinal parasites, the mechanisms of transmission, the risk factors for zoonotic infections, and specific prophylactic measures. The predominance of zoonotic species in dogs in the studied region, associated with the elevated degree of misinformation of the owners, indicates that the risk of zoonotic infection by canine intestinal parasite may be high, even in one of the most developed regions of Brazil.     

Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, and leishmaniosis among dogs in Ankara, Turkey

Seroprevalence of five different Leptospira interrogans serovars, Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania infantum in stray dogs in Ankara was investigated. A total of 116 dog sera collected from apparently healthy stray dogs were tested for L. interrogans serovars by microscopic agglutination test (MAT), for T. gondii antibodies by Sabin-Feldman dye test (SFDT), and for L. infantum antibodies by indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Of the 116 dogs, 51 (43.96%) were seropositive for leptospirosis, 72 (62.06%) for T. gondii and 3 (2.58%) for L. infantum. No statistically significant difference was observed between male and female dogs in the seroprevalences of toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis (P>0.05), but statistically significant difference was observed among different age groups in the seroprevalences of toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis (P<0.05). Although the seroprevalence of L. infantum was low, asymptomatic animals should be considered as a reservoir for the spread of the disease.     

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs in Trinidad and Tobago

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii agglutinins and to investigate the relationship between various risk factors and occurrence of toxoplasmosis in dogs in Trinidad. Of a total 250 dogs, comprising domestic, hunting and stray dogs, 80 (32.0%) were positive for T. gondii agglutinins at a titre of > or =1:32 using a latex agglutination test. Stray dogs (60.5%) had statistically significantly higher (P<0.001) seroprevalence for toxoplasmosis than hunting dogs (30.5%) and domestic dogs (25.5%). Amongst dogs whose ages were known, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis was significantly highest (P=0.037) in dogs in the >2-3 years age group compared with other age groups. Dogs that consumed home-cooked foods had a seroprevalence of 32.9% compared with those fed commercial dog foods (17.2%) and dogs fed both home-cooked and commercial foods (21.0%). However, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05; chi(2)). The rather high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in stray dogs is a good indication of the extent of the infection in the environment.     

成都地区宠物犬感染犬瘟热病毒和犬呼吸道冠状病毒的分子流行病学调查

为了解成都地区宠物犬犬瘟热病毒（canine distemper virus,CDV）和犬呼吸道冠状病毒（canine respiratory coronavirus,CRCoV）的感染情况,本试验应用RT-PCR对采自成都地区8家动物医院共计420份出现呼吸道症状的宠物犬鼻腔棉拭子样本进行分子检测。结果发现,从420份样本中,检出213份CDV阳性,检出率为50.71%;检出247份CRCoV阳性,检出率为58.81%;CDV和CRCoV混合感染的检出率为41.19%。表明成都地区宠物犬感染CDV和CRCoV较为严重,且二者混合感染率较高。宠物犬CDV和CRCoV的检出率与年龄、性别、品种、季节和免疫状况等因素的关系存在不同程度的差异。其中,1~3月龄幼犬检出率最高,分别为74.40%和79.20%;纯种犬的检出率较其他犬种高,分别为59.37%和62.22%;春季CDV的检出率较高,为56.19%,而冬季CRCoV的检出率较高,为67.59%;未免疫犬的检出率较高,分别为64.42%和63.46%。该研究丰富了成都地区宠物犬CDV和CRCoV的流行病学资料,为该地区宠物犬CDV和CRCoV的诊断及防控提供了基本数据。     

Serologic prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis,Ehrlichia canis,and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in Brazil

Dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis, or Borrelia burgdorferi may show nonspecific clinical signs or may be asymptomatic. In Brazil, E. canis and D. immitis infections are frequently diagnosed based on the presence of classical signs; however, serologic tests are seldom performed to confirm the presence of infection. To estimate the seroprevalence of these three canine diseases in Brazil, 2,553 dogs presented at veterinary practices for various tests, routine treatments, or examinations were evaluated by an in-office commercial ELISA test kit (SNAP 3Dx, IDEXX Laboratories). Each dog was examined by the veterinarian, and a whole-blood sample was collected and immediately tested for the simultaneous detection of B. burgdorferi and E. canis antibodies and D. immitis antigen. D. immitis infection was detected in 51 dogs (2.0%) and E. canis antibodies were present in 505 dogs 19.8%). Only one dog tested positive for B. burgdorferi antibodies.     

Evaluation of azathioprine on lesion severity and lymphocyte blastogenesis in dogs with perianal fistulas

Fourteen dogs with perianal fistulas were entered into a prospective clinical study to investigate the effects of long-term azathioprine on clinical outcome and to determine if the clinical results correlated with lymphocyte blastogenesis tests. Complete remission of perianal fistulas was seen in eight (57%) of 14 dogs; partial remission occurred in one (7%) dog; and no response was detected in five (36%) dogs. The results of lymphocyte blastogenesis assays did not correlate with therapeutic response.     

Seroepidemiologic survey of Dirofilaria immitis infection among domestic dogs in Taipei City and mountain aboriginal districts in Taiwan (1998-1999).

To estimate the seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection in domestic dogs in Taiwan, we utilized a commercial ELISA kit (Snap, IDEXX, USA) for detecting circulating antigens released by adult female worms. Serum specimens of 664 domestic dogs sampled from Taipei City in northern Taiwan and 14 mountain aboriginal districts in eastern Taiwan were screened for D. immitis antigens. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by multiple logistic regression analysis. A total of 89 subjects were antigen-positive, giving a seroprevalence of 13.4%, of which the seroprevalence in Taipei City and mountain aboriginal districts were 13.8 and 12.1%, respectively. The mean overall seropositive rates were 6.3% in 1-3-year-old age group, 14.1% in 3-6-year-old age group and 23.7% in the > or =6-year-old age group. The older the age, the higher the seroprevalence (OR=4.6, 95% CI=2.4-9.0 for the > or =6-year-old age group versus 1-3-year-old age group, P<0.001) for all the dogs in the present study. Moreover, seroprevalence was not different between female and male dogs in either Taipei City or mountain aboriginal districts (P>0.05). Also, no significant difference in seroprevalence among dogs between the two geographical areas was found (P>0.05). In the logistic regression analysis, the seroprevalence of D. immitis remained significantly increased with age after multivariate adjustment in the present study. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the status of D. immitis infection in domestic dogs in Taipei City and mountain aboriginal districts in Taiwan to date.