3种食蟹猴早孕诊断方法的比较

本试验旨在对3种食蟹猴早孕诊断方法进行比较,找出比较准确、可靠的诊断方法。在食蟹猴怀孕第20天时用直肠触诊、B超检查和孕酮值检测3种方法进行早孕诊断,在怀孕第30天时B超确诊是否怀孕。结果表明,B超检查的准确率为96.4%;直肠触诊的准确率为92.9%;孕酮值检测的准确率为64.3%。因此B超检查准确率高,是食蟹猴怀孕诊断的金标法;直肠触诊准确率较高且方便、经济,适合基层生产中进行大批量诊断;孕酮值检测确诊率较低,但可作为早孕诊断的辅助方法。     

B型超声妊娠诊断技术在波尔山羊胚胎移植产业化中的研究应用

应用B型超声断层扫描仪对279只波尔山羊胚胎移植受体白山着和87只自然交配波尔山羊进行早期妊娠检查。在胚胎移植后20-100天试验羊妊娠诊断阴性（B超判断未怀孕）的准确率为100%；正常酱羊妊娠诊断阳性（B超判断怀孕）的准确率为100%；部分胚胎移植后20天左右的受体羊出现假阳性，这可能与胚胎移植后胎儿发育停止或出现流产或手术造成的粘连有关。试验证明，在胚胎移植（2-8细胞胚胎）30天以后进行B超妊娠检查不仅可准确判断妊娠情况，而且能得到胚胎稀薄标志着是流产或妊娠中止的数据，试验说明，B超妊娠诊断是目前波尔山羊胚胎移植产业化过程中的一个重要环节。     

B型超声妊娠诊断技术在波尔山羊胚胎移植产业化中的研究应用

应用B型超声断层扫描仪对279只波尔山羊胚胎移植受体白山羊和87只自然交配波尔山羊进行早期妊娠检查。在胚胎移植后20～100天试验羊妊娠诊断阴性(B超判断未怀孕)的准确率为100%;正常交配羊妊娠诊断阳性(B超判断怀孕)的准确率为100%;部分胚胎移植后20天左右的受体羊出现假阳性,这可能与胚胎移植后胎儿发育停止或出现流产或手术造成的粘连有关。试验证明,在胚胎移植(2-8细胞胚胎)30天以后进行B超妊娠检查不仅可准确判断妊娠情况,而且能得到胚胎移植羊流产或妊娠中止的数据,试验说明,B超妊娠诊断是目前波尔山羊胚胎移植产业化过程中的一个重要环节。     

兽医用超声多普勒检测仪对黄牛早期怀孕诊断的试验研究

本试验采用 CDG-8711型兽医用超声多普勒检测仪对1317头黄牛进行了早期怀孕诊断,并与直肠检查法相比较,其符合率高。最早探测宫血音、胎心音、胎血音时间分别为20天、54天、58天。宫血音诊断与直肠检查法诊断符合率在配种后20～30天,31～60天分别为97.91%(656/670)、100%(601/601);未怀孕的符合率为100%(46/46)。胎血音在配种后56～65天、70～85天的符合率分别为46.66%(14/30)、93.33%(28/30)。试验证明,检测宫血音的时间比胎心音、胎血音提前34～36天。本试验还采用瑞典产 LKB—1211液体闪烁计数器自动检测配种后20、22、24、28、30、31、33、36、39、41、43、48、50天的母牛早期怀孕诊断为妊娠的各13头血浆的孕酮含量,其含量水平在6.5±1.09纳克/毫升～10.2±1.44纳克/毫升之间。故证明本试测仪检测宫血音的效果是可靠的。因此,黄牛的早期怀孕诊断可用宫血音作为判定怀孕的主要依据。     

B型超声妊娠诊断技术在波尔山羊胚胎移植产业化中的应用

应用B型超声断层扫描仪对 2 79只波尔山羊胚胎移植受体白山羊和 87只自然交配波尔山羊进行早期妊娠检查。在胚胎移植后 2 0～ 10 0天试验羊妊娠诊断阴性 (B超判断未怀孕 )的准确率为 10 0 % ;正常交配羊妊娠诊断阳性 (B超判断怀孕 )的准确率为 10 0 % ;部分胚胎移植后 2 0天左右的受体羊出现假阳性 ,这可能与胚胎移植后胎儿发育停止或出现流产或手术造成的粘连有关。试验证明 ,在胚胎移植 (2 - 8细胞胚胎 ) 30天以后进行B超妊娠检查不仅可准确判断妊娠情况 ,而且能得到胚胎移植羊流产或妊娠中止的数据 ,试验说明 ,B超妊娠诊断是目前波尔山羊胚胎移植产业化过程中的一个重要环节。     

B型超声妊娠诊断技术在布尔山羊胚胎移植产业化中的研究应用

应用B型超声断层扫描仪对279只布尔山羊胚胎移植受体白山羊和87只自然交配布尔山羊进行早期妊娠检查。在胚胎移植后20－100天试验羊妊娠诊断阴性（B超判断未怀孕）的准确率为100％；正常交配羊妊娠诊断阳性（B超判断怀孕）的准确率为100％；部分胚胎移植后20天左右的受体羊出现假阳性，这可能与胚胎移植后胎儿发育停止或出现流产或手术造成的粘连有关。试验证明，在胚胎移植（2－8细胞胚胎）30天以后进行B超妊娠检查，不仅可准确判断妊娠情况，而且能得到胚胎移植羊流产或妊娠中止的数据，试验说明，B超妊娠诊断是目前布尔山羊胚胎移植产业化过程中的一个重要环节。     

奶牛胎儿裂腹畸形2例

1983年10月21日及1984年4月18日,我公司第一牧场奶牛先后产出2例典型的裂腹畸形胎儿,母牛编号为M3525及M3607。据查,2头母牛无血缘关系,亦无既住病史。M3525号母牛为第四次怀孕。本次已怀孕282天,临产预兆及努责表现均属正常,但始终未见胎儿排出;M3607号母牛为第三次怀孕,本次已怀孕280天,临产时从阴道口排出一段新鲜肠管,垂挂于阴门之外,牧工发现后报送兽医诊治。     

B型超声妊娠诊断技术在波尔山羊胚胎移植产业化中的应用

应用B型超声断层扫描仪对279只波尔山羊胚胎移植受体白山羊和87只自然交配波尔山羊进行早期妊娠检查。在胚胎移植后20～100d试验羊妊娠断阴性(B超判断未怀孕)的准确率为100%,正常交配羊妊娠诊断阳性(B超判断怀孕)的准确率为100%;部分胚胎移植后20d左右的受体羊出现假阳性,这可能与胚胎移植后胎儿发育停止或出现流产或手术造成的粘连有关。试验证明,在胚胎移植(2～8细胞胚胎)30d以后进行B超妊娠检查不仅可准确判断妊娠情况,而且能得到胚胎移植羊流产或妊娠中止的数据,试验说明,B超妊娠诊断是目前波尔山羊胚胎移植产业化过程中的一个重要环节。     

怎样提高仔兔的成活率

<正>1加强怀孕母兔的饲养母兔怀孕期为30~31天,胎儿有90%的体重是在母兔怀孕后期增长的,加强怀孕母兔的饲养,有利于母健子壮,提高仔兔的成活率。妊娠1~20天采取限时饲喂,常规用量,一般每天饲喂颗粒料200 g左右;怀孕21~31天采取自由采食方式,提高饲料蛋白质含量在14%以上,注重补充矿物质和维生素丰富的营养物质,     

高排卵率造成较多的胚胎早期死亡

根据内布拉斯加大学的研究,对高排卵率的青年母猪经九个世代选择后,选择系比对照系多排卵3.4个,但在分娩时平均每窝仅多1头仔猪,改进不大。研究以青年母猪人工授精,在怀孕23～31天(9代和10代)和68～72天(10代)进行屠宰,记录排卵率(根据卵巢上黄体数)以及胚胎与胎儿的数量和状况。结果发现,怀孕30天时选择系母猪怀仔数的优势(第9代多1.7个胚胎,第10代多2.6个胚胎)即小于其排卵率的优势。可见,这一期间选择系母猪的胚胎损失大于对照系(第9代为2.7％,第10代为5.2％)。这一趋势持续至怀孕30天之后。第10代选择系母猪从怀孕30天时多怀2.6个胚胎下降到20天时只多1个胚胎,在此期间选择系母猪的胎儿死亡率比对照系高5.2％。第9代选择系青年母猪怀孕70天时多怀的仔猪数与多分娩的仔猪数相同(1头活仔猪)。这     

The use of ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis in the bitch

Twenty-three Greyhound bitches housed at 3 breeding kennels were examined for pregnancy via transabdominal palpation and ultrasonography. Pregnancy was timed from the calculated day of ovulation (day of ovulation = day when first pup was whelped--63), and from a single breeding date (day 0). Starting on day 10 after ovulation, 9 bitches were monitored every 3 days by ultrasonography only, to determine gestational vesicle sizes during gestation and the time when fetal movements and heartbeats could be first detected. The other 14 bitches were examined by ultrasonography and transabdominal palpation on the same day every week, starting on postovulation day 19, to compare the effectiveness of the 2 methods of pregnancy determination. Parturition was the final determinant of pregnancy status. The earliest correct diagnosis of pregnancy was at 18 days after ovulation, but fetal movements and heartbeat could not be identified until days 28 and 35, respectively. Estimation of fetal numbers by ultrasound or palpation was not reliable when there were more than four in the litter. Pregnancy and nonpregnancy were correctly determined by both methods in an increasingly greater number of bitches as gestation progressed, but ultrasonography was more accurate at all stages; on days 19 to 22, 26 to 30, 34 to 38, and greater than 40 after ovulation, correct diagnoses were made in 33%, 42%, 50%, and 75% of the bitches by palpation and in 42%, 67%, 75%, and 83% of the bitches by ultrasonography. The most common error was failure to detect pregnancy by palpation or ultrasonography in bitches with small litters and tense abdominal muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Determination of the Genital Tubercle Migration Period in Morada Nova Sheep Foetuses by Ultrasonography

The aim of this study was to determine the period of genital tubercle (GT) migration using ultrasonography in Morada Nova sheep foetuses (n = 117) from natural mating (NM) and frozen embryo transfer (ET) to determine the window when foetal sexing can be determined. The examinations were performed using transrectal ultrasonography with a dual-frequency linear transducer (6.0 and 8.0 MHz) from day 30-54 of pregnancy at 48-h intervals. The period of GT migration of foetuses produced by NM varied from 36 to 46 days of pregnancy, resulting in an average of 39.5 +/- 2.9 days. For foetuses derived from ET, GT migration varied from 42 to 52 days of pregnancy with an average of 48.5 +/- 3.3 days, being possible the GT of foetuses from ET start to migrate 96 h later even if they are of the same gender. Migration of the GT occurred earlier (p < 0.05) in foetuses produced by NM and sexing accuracy for triplet pregnancies (77.8%) was significantly inferior (p < 0.05) to single (100%) and twin (92.9%) pregnancies for foetuses derived by NM. The results allow one to conclude that foetal sexing can be done from the 50th day onwards in foetuses produced by NM and from the 55th day onwards in foetuses derived from ET, and that multiple pregnancies compromise the sexing accuracy by ultrasonography.     

Evolution of the corpus luteum volume determined ultrasonographically and its relation to the plasma progesterone concentration after artificial insemination in pregnant and non-pregnant dairy cows

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of the evolution of the corpus luteum (CL) volume that was determined ultrasonographically with the pregnancy status in lactating dairy cows during early pregnancy. Ultrasound examinations were carried out on 76 cows following artificial insemination (AI). Plasma concentrations of progesterone were determined from blood samples collected at each ultrasound examination. Conception was confirmed by ultrasonography on day 30 after AI. Around day 14 post-insemination (p.i.), the CL volume tended to decrease in pregnant and non-pregnant cows, and, after day 19 p.i., both groups differed significantly, indicating the luteal regression in non-pregnant cows. Reaching signification on day 20. The diminution in CL volume was also reflected in the plasma progesterone concentration. However, the patterns of CL volume, estimated by ultrasonography, differed more evidently and earlier between both groups (around 1 week p.i., at day 9 p.i. P < 0.05, whereas progesterone started to differ around 2 weeks p.i., at day 14 p.i, P < 0.05). These results indicate that the estimation of the CL volume by ultrasonography could be useful for assessing the presence of a functional CL.     

文昌鸡促卵泡素受体基因外显子区域SNPs分析

寻找与鸡繁殖性能相关的遗传标记,为高繁殖力的标记辅助选择提供科学依据。本研究以促卵泡素受体（FSHR）基因作为影响鸡繁殖性状的候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP技术结合测序对FSHR基因部分包括所有外显子区域进行单核苷酸多态性检测和分析。结果发现,在区域2、区域4、区域6、区域9共4个区域存在SNPs位点。exon4编码区43 bp处T→C突变,但没有导致翻译后氨基酸序列的改变,在exon2中编码区5′端—49 bp处的C→T突变;exon6 编码区3′端+12 bp处的A→G突变;exon8编码区3′端+38 bp处的 G→T突变。促卵泡素受体（FSHR）是促卵泡素（FSH）的特异性受体,这些位点的单核苷酸多态性为下一步研究探讨FSHR基因对文昌鸡繁殖性能的遗传效应奠定了基础。     

自制貉源抗血清治疗犬瘟热病的研究

应用含有104.5TCID50/0.1 mL犬瘟热弱毒培养物4 mL免疫特种经济动物乌苏里貉,10 d后采集血液分离血清,病毒用200TCID50与等量连续倍比稀释的血清和经饱和硫酸铵粗提的免疫球蛋白做中和试验鉴定抗体的效价,并对上述2种抗体效价进行比较。结果表明,2917倍稀释全血清、2344倍稀释饱和硫酸铵粗提的免疫球蛋白能保护50%Vero细胞不出现CPE。临床应用全血清治疗24只患犬瘟热病的白貉,22只成活。由此说明可以应用狐貉等特种动物制备的抗血清治疗犬瘟热病。     

The Relationship Between the Positive Identification of the Embryo Proper in Equine Pregnancies Aged 18-28 Days and its Future Viability: A Field Study

Early embryonic loss (EEL) negatively affects the reproductive efficiency of equine reproduction. A sign of future EEL is when the embryo proper (EP) fails to develop within the embryonic vesicle after 30 days of gestation. The earlier the identification of impending EEL, the earlier the mare can be rebred to allow a second chance of pregnancy. The objectives of this study were to determine the percentage of embryonic vesicles with a visible EP at 18-28 days of gestation and to study the association between the presence/absence of the EP at different days of gestation and the future viability of the pregnancy. A total of 1,256 pregnancies were identified and followed by transrectal B-mode ultrasonography 12-45 days post ovulation in mares of the same Thoroughbred farm. The identification of the EP was attempted once during days 18-28. Pregnancy reconfirmation was performed on days 35-45. The percentage of vesicles with an EP increased gradually from days 18 (2.8%) to 21 (86.9%) (P < .05). From day 20 onward, the EEL rate of mares with vesicles without an EP was significantly higher (P < .05) than that of vesicles with a positive identification of an EP. In conclusion, the EP of the equine vesicle can be identified reliably with B-mode ultrasonography in the majority of mares (>71%) on day 20 of gestation. The lack of a positive identification of an EP from day 20 onward is associated with a higher EEL rate.     

Early pregnancy diagnosis by means of ultrasonography as a method of improving reproductive efficiency in goats

Eighteen cyclic Shiba goats were used in this study. Estrus was synchronized with a single injection of 125 microg of a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F(2)alpha (PGF(2)alpha) after detection of at least one corpus luteum by B-mode ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected from each animal on days 0, 7 and 21 post-mating for progesterone assay. Animals in estrus were either allowed to be mated by fertile bucks twice during estrus (group I; n=12) or not at all (group II; n=6). Ultrasonographic examinations were performed transrectally or transabdominally using a real-time B-mode scanner equipped with a 7.5 or 5 MHz transducer. All animals exhibited estrus 56.0 +/- 2.7 h after injection of PGF2alpha. The results show that the accuracy of the progesterone assay in diagnosing pregnancy on day 21 after mating was 80% for pregnancy and 100% for non-pregnancy, retrospectively. Ultrasonographic examinations showed that gestational sac and embryos heartbeats were detected on days 20.2 +/- 0.6 and 24.3 +/- 0.7 of gestation, respectively. Placentomes were detected on day 35.4 +/- 1.0 of gestation as small nodules (0.7 +/- 0.2 cm in size). At two months pregnancy, skeletal structures like skull, thorax and long bones were clear. Biparietal diameter of the skull and length of long bones could be used as an estimate of gestational age. The accuracy of detection of fetal number using real-time B-mode ultrasonography was 91.7% on day 60 of gestation. In conclusion, progesterone assay at day 21 post-mating (cut-off value, 1 ng/ml) can be used for pregnancy diagnosis in goats. However, B-mode transrectal ultrasonography was more efficient due to detection of embryo and confirmation of its viability by heartbeats. In addition, fetal number and gestational age could be determined only by ultrasonography.     

The use of preserved equine renal capsule to repair lamellar corneal lesions in normal dogs

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of equine renal capsule preserved in 98% glycerine to repair lamellar corneal lesions in normal dogs. For this purpose, 12 dogs, divided into six groups ( n  = 2), were used to evaluate the 1st to 7th day, 15th day and 30th to 60th postoperative day. In order to perform the histologic study, the clinical procedures were analyzed, while the recipient's corneas were collected. The photophobia and blepharospasm also were more intense in the 1st to 7th postoperative day, and regressed in the 15th postoperative day. Therefore, the edema and the vascular events were both more frequent in the intermediary phases and regressed in the late periods. On the other hand, the morphological evaluation demonstrated an inflamatory exudate, also in the intermediary and late periods. These results suggested that the equine renal preserved capsule could be a useful alternative tissue to repair lamellar corneal lesions in dogs.