不同枣品种的物候期观察

通过连续3年观察，明确了11个枣品种在山东省果树研究所院和试验场五分场的物候期。在所内品种间发芽，展叶，初花，盛花，坐果，果实成熟物候期差异较大，大部分品种的物候期比五分场早，虽然五分场大部分品种的物候期比所内晚，但发育进程较一致，这可能与两地的气候因素有关。     

气象条件对柑桔物候期的影响

本文定量地建立了红桔和甜橙物候期变异的气候生态模型，揭示了气象因子以柑桔物候期的影响规律。     

气候变化对黄土高原苹果主产地物候期的影响

【目的】黄土高原苹果产区是我国苹果种植面积和产量最大的地区,开展气候变化对苹果物候期的影响研究,可为应对气候变化和指导该地区苹果生产提供科学依据。【方法】选取万荣、洛川和西峰作为黄土高原苹果产区代表站,利用1994—2018年各地苹果芽开放期、展叶始期、始花期、可采成熟期、叶变色末期和落叶末期物候数据,分析不同物候期及生长阶段长度的变化趋势,并利用偏最小二乘回归法,从日尺度层面,分析气温和降水变化对各物候期的影响。【结果】近25年来,黄土高原苹果主产地气候呈暖湿变化特征,受其影响,春季物候期呈提前趋势,秋季物候期呈推迟趋势,果实生长发育期和果树生长季呈延长趋势。平均气温对春秋两季物候期均有显著影响,影响时段内气温每升高1℃,春季各物候期将提前2.20～4.15 d,秋季落叶期将推迟3.58～7.77 d;降水量主要影响秋季物候期,影响时段内降水量每变化1 mm,叶变色末期将提前0.07～0.40 d,落叶末期将推迟0.12～0.55 d。各主产地间,万荣受气候变化影响最大,其次是西峰和洛川。【结论】气温对物候期的影响大于降水,且气温主要影响春季物候期,而降水主要影响秋季物候期;各物候期中,芽开放期、展叶始期和始花期主要受气温影响,叶变色末期主要受降水影响,落叶末期受温度和降水共同影响,而可采成熟期与气温和降水均无显著相关关系。     

梨物候期间的相关性和相关遗传

作者试验研究了梨的10个杂交亲本,以及11个杂交组合的514个杂种实生苗的物候期,其中包括萌芽期、开花期、果实成熟期和落叶期。并且比较了各物候期间的相关性和相关遗传现象。结果表明:萌芽期与开花期之间有高度显著的正相关;萌芽期与成熟期,开花期与成熟期之间也都表现有显著的负相关;落叶期与其它各物候期之间则相关不显著或不存在相关性。 杂种的各个物候期与其杂交亲本有依赖关系,表现出亲本对后代的遗传效应,因此可以通过亲本的选择来估计杂种的表现。此外,亲本与杂种间,萌芽期与开花期,萌芽期与果实成熟期,以及开花期与成熟期方面,都表现出明显的相关遗传现象。因此在一定范围内对杂种实生苗可以根据某一物候期来预测另一相关物候期的到来,从而指出了在实生苗结果前的萼期阶段进行早期鉴定的可能性。     

板栗结果枝叶片矿质营养特征研究

以板栗"3113"为试材,研究了不同物候期结果枝叶片主要矿质元素含量的动态变化及相关性,以期为板栗的营养诊断和施肥提供依据。结果表明:不同物候期,结果枝叶片N、P、K含量随物候期均呈下降趋势,Ca、Fe、Mn含量随物候期均呈上升趋势;B含量在开花授粉期较低,之后随物候期上升,Cu含量变化则呈相反趋势;Mg含量几乎不随物候期变化;不同物候期叶片主要矿质元素含量变化存在一定的相关性,其中N与P、Fe与Mn含量变化呈显著正相关;N、P和K与Ca、K与Mg、Cu与Fe、Mn含量变化均呈显著负相关;其它矿质元素间相关性均不显著;开花授粉期和果实膨大期是板栗需肥较多的时期,建议在5月下旬追施Ca、B复合肥,在6月上旬追施N、P、K、Cu复合肥,在8月下旬分别追施N、P、K复合肥和Fe、Mn,但施肥时需注意元素间的拮抗作用;幼果期叶片主要矿质元素含量变化较缓慢,为营养诊断时期。     

积温法推算平和县不同海拔区琯溪蜜柚物候期及其应用

针对目前福建省平和县不同海拔区琯溪蜜柚生产中,因未掌握当地物候期,大多仍按照传统月历进行管理的问题,以2009—2013年在平和县小溪镇(海拔36 m)观测的琯溪蜜柚从春梢开始萌发至某物候所需有效活动积温为参照值,利用不同海拔区历史气象资料进行物候期推算,并与田间实测物候期进行比较,探讨有效积温法推算物候期用于生产的可行性。结果表明,有效积温法推算的各海拔区琯溪蜜柚物候期与田间实测物候期基本吻合,可用于指导生产;根据有效活动积温情况,可划定平和县海拔400m以下区域为琯溪蜜柚种植适宜区,海拔400m以上区域为琯溪蜜柚种植次适宜区。     

日光温室杏树物候期与温度变化观察研究

采用实地观察和分析的方法,研究日光温室栽培杏树的物候期对温度变化的影响。结果表明:日光温室内杏树物候期与露地相比发生了明显变化,生长前期同一物候期比露地延长,到果实硬核期后,同一物候期则明显缩短。1月份日光温室内气温可达到10.2～11.4℃,温室内杏树萌芽、开花、新梢生长几乎同时进行,而此时地温(20cm)为5.8～10.2℃,根系未进入快速生长期,落花现象较重。日光温室内杏树在果实着色期及成熟期时温差较室外小,分别为10.5～12.0℃,不利优质果品生产。     

北京地区红花玉兰幼苗物候观测研究

通过对北京地区红花玉兰幼苗的物候观测,探究了其物候变化规律和物候特性,分析了红花玉兰幼苗春季物候期对温度和降水量的响应规律,为红花玉兰在北京的引种提供一定的理论依据。     

紫薇的物候特征及其观赏性评价

对重要园林观赏植物紫薇的物候特征进行研究,明确了其叶、花和果的季节动态,评估了花期的观赏性。结果表明:紫薇的观赏价值很高,其叶、花和果均具有一定观赏性;花期持续时间长,8、9月是紫薇花的最佳观赏期;不同植株的物候期存在明显差异,物候参数可以用于指导园林管理和观赏性评价。建议通过物候研究优化园林植物的配置,提高其观赏性。     

壳斗科七种常绿树种在南京地区的物候期观测

通过定株对7种壳斗科常绿树种的物候期进行定期观察,基本掌握了各树种在南京地区的物候期和各生育期维持的时间,为壳斗科常绿耐寒树种在江苏地区的推广利用提供了依据。结果表明:7种植物生长适应性良好,6种植物开花结果正常,东南柯未见坐果期。不同属间壳斗科常绿树种的物候期存在差异,2种青冈属常绿树种花期较短,平均11.50 d,2种石栎属常绿树种果实次年发育成熟,且花期较长,平均为36 d;栎属常绿树种(乌冈栎)花期出现较早,为4月,时长较短为18 d;栲属常绿树种(苦槠)花期较短,为15 d。石栎属3个种间物候期差异最大,表现为石栎萌芽最迟,绵石栎花期较长,东南柯物候期不完整。     

Therapeutic effect of ulinastatin and berberine on burn sepsis in rats

AIM: To investigate the combination therapeutic effect of ulinastatin and berberine on burn sepsis in the rats.METHODS: The rats with burn sepsis were administrated with ulinastatin or berberine or combination therapy. The survival rate and body weight of the rats were measured. The levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were examined by ELISA. The morphological changes of the lung were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The content of bacteria in the liver, lung and spleen tissues was detected.RESULTS: Combination of ulinastatin and berberine significantly increased the survival rate and body weight in the rats with burn sepsis. Moreover, combination therapy inhibited the elevation of IL-6 and TNF-α levels, whereas increased the IL-10 level. Combination therapy protected the structure of hepatic lobule, and further reduced the bacterial content in the liver, lung and spleen. CONCLUSION: Combination of ulinastatin and berberine improves the symptoms of burn sepsis by regulating the levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α and inhibiting the content of bacteria.     

Effects of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase on hypertensive vascular remodeling

AIM: To investigate the changes of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) in hypertensive vascular remodeling and to explore the relationship between SCAD and vascular remodeling in hypertension.METHODS: The spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; 24 weeks old) and Wistar rats (24 weeks old) were used as experimental control groups. The SHR and Wistar rats of 16 weeks old were trained by swimming as experimental groups. The systolic pressure was measured periodically. The thickness of vascular wall and the diameter of the vascular lumen were measured. The contents of ROS and ATP, the enzyme activity of SCAD, and the expression of SCAD at mRNA and protein levels in the aorta were determined. The free fatty acid in the serum and aorta was also measured.RESULTS: Compared with Wistar group, the diameter of vascular lumen decreased in SHR group. The thickness of vascular wall, the ratio of vascular wall and the diameter of vascular lumen, and the blood pressure in SHR group were increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with SHR group, the diameter of vascular lumen increased in SHR+swim group. The thickness of vascular wall, the ratio of vascular wall and the diameter of vascular lumen, and the blood pressure in SHR+swim group were decreased significantly. Compared with control group, the expression of SCAD at mRNA and protein levels, the enzyme activity of SCAD, and the content of ATP were decreased in SHR group. However, the free fatty acid in the serum and aorta, and the content of ROS in the aorta were increased in SHR group. The expression of SCAD at mRNA and protein levels, the enzyme activity of SCAD, the content of ATP were increased in Wistar+swim group and SHR+swim group. However, the free fatty acid in serum and aorta, and the content of ROS in the aorta were decreased in Wistar+swim group and SHR+swim group.CONCLUSION: Decrease in SCAD expression may be associated with hypertensive vascular remodeling. Swimming training can reverse hypertensive vascular remodeling by increasing the expression of SCAD in the aorta.     

甘蔗渣培养基栽培木耳过程中主要组分的降解和有关酶活的变化

实验以甘蔗渣加少量麦麸栽培毛木耳和光木耳,在栽培的不同阶段分析测定培养物的的主要化学组成成分和有关酶活性的变化。结果表明,两种木耳利用栽培底物的能力有明显差别;在栽培后期,毛木耳和光木耳分别消耗纤维素为74%和43%,半纤维素为78%和61%,木质素寿60%和35%。不过它们对这些底物的消耗又具有相似的阶段性变化的特点,即在子实体形成期的消耗速率都比菌丝生长期快。培养物的纤维素酶和半纤维素酶的活性也有阶段性变化特点。底物降解速率的变化与酶活水平的变化之间有一定对应关系,其中尤以毛木耳较明显。实验还分析培养物的过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性变化,简要地讨论了它们在栽培底物降解中的作用。     

蔗糖代谢相关酶在卡因菠萝果实糖积累中的作用

以菠萝品种卡因为材料,测定了不同发育时期果实中蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量以及蔗糖代谢相关酶-酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)的活性,并对果实中糖积累与酶活性的关系进行了分析.结果表明,卡因果实的发育呈单"S型"曲线,在幼果期到果实迅速生长期,果糖和葡萄糖积累较多,蔗糖积累缓慢,此期蔗糖积累较少与高活性蔗糖转化酶有关;进入成熟期,果实中蔗糖迅速积累,而己糖略有上升,果实蔗糖的显著增加主要与SS和SPS活性有关.酸性转化酶和中性转化酶前期活性很强,后期降低;蔗糖合成酶(合成方向)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶的活性变化趋势相似,前期弱后期强.经过相关性分析:果实中蔗糖含量与SS和SPS活性存在极显著的正相关性(相关系数分别为r=0.97273**和r=-0.91004**),而与NI活性呈极显著负相关(r=-0.76419**),与AI的活性呈显著负相关(r=-0.60594*).     

南丰蜜橘果园生草栽培对土壤团聚体和有机碳特征及果实品质的影响

以‘南丰蜜橘’果园土壤为对象,分析行间播种白三叶草（Trifolium repens）、黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum）和清耕条件下土壤机械稳定性团聚体和水稳性团聚体组成、团聚体稳定性、团聚体有机碳含量及其贡献率的差异。结果表明：生草后土壤机械稳定性团聚体以 > 5 mm粒级团聚体居多（占比28.52% ~ 35.14%）,而清耕对照处理以 < 0.25 mm粒级团聚体居多（35.51% ~ 36.86%）;水稳性团聚体各处理均以 < 0.25 mm粒级团聚体为多（55.71% ~ 80.47%）;大团聚体比重R0.25总体为黑麦草 > 白三叶草 > 对照。在0 ~ 10 和10 ~ 20 cm土层中,白三叶草处理机械稳定性团聚体和水稳性团聚体平均质量直径（MWD）较对照分别提高了126.03%、106.8%和57.69%、31.25%,团聚体破坏率（PAD）分别降低了13.29%和12.41%;黑麦草处理机械稳定性团聚体和水稳性团聚体平均质量直径（MWD）分别提高了140.41%、125.17%和82.69%、64.58%,PAD分别降低了12.85%和16.61%,表明生草处理有利于大团聚体的形成,改善土壤结构的稳定性,且禾本科类牧草黑麦草处理明显优于豆科类牧草白三叶草处理。生草处理较大幅度提高了0 ~ 10 cm表层土层水稳性团聚体中总有机碳和各粒级团聚体有机碳含量,且白三叶草处理明显优于黑麦草处理。相关性分析表明,团聚体MWD和GMD与1 ~ 5 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量之间均呈现显著正相关,PAD与各粒级团聚体有机碳含量之间均呈现出负相关。生草处理能明显提高‘南丰蜜橘’果实可溶性糖、可溶性固形物和维生素C含量,降低可滴定酸含量,改善果实鲜食品质,且白三叶草处理明显优于黑麦草处理。     

番茄砧/穗残株高效再利用技术研究

为探明番茄嫁接后砧木、接穗残株再生性及再利用的可行性,以番茄砧木品种久绿787和接穗品种佳红4号为试材,研究砧木、接穗残株再生苗的生长发育进程,比较再生苗与初次嫁接苗的愈合情况和生长指标。结果表明:番茄嫁接后砧木残株可扦插再生、接穗残株可腋芽再生形成完整的幼苗,与播种形成幼苗相比,砧木残株扦插苗和接穗残株腋芽再生苗达到嫁接苗龄的时间可缩短16 d;利用砧木、接穗残株嫁接,嫁接苗成活率、接合力、输导能力及后期生长参数与初次嫁接苗差异不显著。通过嫁接苗培养成本比较,利用砧/穗残株进行嫁接的幼苗生产成本明显低于初次嫁接苗,按每万株嫁接苗计,可节约成本875.5元。说明番茄嫁接后砧/穗残株可以嫁接再利用,并可明显提高经济效益。     

中国野生桂花的地理分布和种群特征

桂花（Osmanthus fragrans Lour.）野生资源有非常丰富的性状和遗传变异,但目前被过度开发、破坏,导致分布范围急剧缩小,种群规模和数量锐减,生境片断化严重。以往的文献认为桂花起源于喜马拉雅山脉东段,即中国的西南地区;然而随着野生种群在湖南、浙江和福建等地被陆续发现,关于桂花自然分布的问题需要重新审视。作者在大量野外调研的基础上,结合前人研究结果,对桂花的自然分布和种群特征等进行了总结和概括,分析了野生资源与品种起源的关系,以期为桂花野生资源的有效保护和高效利用提供参考。     

miR-137 regulates invasion,migration and apoptosis of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells through TWIST1

AIM: To investigate the effect and its molecular mechanism of microRNA-137(miR-137) on the invasion, migration abilities and apoptosis of breast cancer cells. METHODS: miR-137 mimimics were transfected into the breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. The expression of miR-137 was detected by RT-qPCR. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The invasion and migration abilities were detected by Transwell assays. The protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), cleaved caspase-3 (C-caspase-3) and Bax were determined by Western blot. Bioinformatics software was used to predict that TWIST1 might be the target gene of miR-137 and then it was conformed by luciferase reporter gene identification. The effect of miR-137 mimics on TWIST1 protein expression was evaluated by Western blot. TWIST1 over-expression vector and miR-137 mimics were co-transfected into the MDA-MB-231 cells, and then the apoptosis, invasion, migration abilities and the protein levels of MMP-9, C-caspase-3 and Bax were determined. RESULTS: In the miR-137 mimics transfected MDA-MB-231 cells, the expression level of miR-137 and the apoptosis rate were increased, the cell invasion and migration abilities were decreased, the protein levels of C-caspase-3 and Bax were increased, the protein expression of MMP-9 was decreased (P<0.05). In addition, the target regulation of TWIST1 by miR-137 was identified by luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, the expression of TWIST1 in the MDA-MB-231 cells was inhibited by miR-137 mimics. Compared with the MDA-MB-231 cells co-transfected with negative control vector and miR-137 mimics, the protein expression levels of TWIST1 and MMP-9 in the MDA-MB-231 cells co-transfected with TWIST1 over-expression vector and miR-137 mimics were increased, the protein levels of C-caspase-3 and Bax and the apoptosis rate were decreased, the cell invasion and migration abilities were increased. CONCLUSION: miR-137 inhibits the invasion, migration abilities and induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells through targeting TWIST1.     

Effects of monopolar electrocoagulation on electrolytes and uterine ultrastructure in patients with laparoscopically hysterectomy

AIM: To investigate the effects of monopolar electrocoagulation on the changes of electrolytes and uterine ultrastructure in the patients with laparoscopically hysterectomy.METHODS: Sixty patients, who accepted laparoscopically hysterectomy in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from December 2009 to December 2010,were selected in the study and divided into 2 groups by the different hemostasis methods.Thirty patients were in monopolar electrocoagulation group and another 30 patients were in Ligasure group.the plasma concentrations of electrolytes (potassium, sodium, chlorine and calcium) were measured before operation, during operation, 24 h and 48 h after operation.The uteruses from 5 patients in each group were collected and the dissections between uterine horn and fallopian tube were prepared for observations under light microscope and transmission electron microscope.RESULTS: Compared to the levels before operation, the concentrations of plasm potassium in all patients were increased during operation,and the plasm sodium was not changed due to the supplement during and after operation, but the plasm chlorine and calcium were decreased.The electrolyte levels came to normal 24 h and 48 h after operation.Comparing the difference between 2 groups, no statistical significance of electrolyte concentrations was observed.Under transmission electron microscope, breakage of the cell membrane, expansion of mitochondria, pyknosis of chromation and karyorrhexis were also observed.CONCLUSION: The pathological changes exist under transmission electron microscope, although no change of the tissues in the place 10 mm far away from monopolar electrocoagulation is found under light microscope.     

山东寿光半地下式日光温室主要生态因子变化特征

2009年9月～2010年5月对山东寿光地区半地下式和地平式日光温室主要生态因子进行测定。结果表明：晴天条件下半地下式日光温室内昼夜气温变化范围为14.8～40.6 ℃,地温19.0～25.0 ℃,平均值1月最低,5月最高;空气相对湿度42.6 %～97.7 %,平均值1月和3月较高,5月最低。不同时期气温和地温的昼夜变化规律相似,气温每天5：30～7：30最低,12：00～13：30最高;地温的最低值和最高值分别出现在8：30～10：30和17：30～20：00。相对湿度的昼夜变化趋势与气温相反,12：00～15：00最低,7：00～9：00最高。测定期内半地下式日光温室白天的光量子通量密度变化范围为211.0～1 304.7 μmol?m-2?s-1,CO2浓度为207～1 219 μl?L-1。晴天光量子通量密度先升高后降低,而CO2浓度则先降低后升高,峰值和谷值出现在11：00～14：00。与地平式相比,半地下式日光温室的气温、地温、相对湿度较高,光量子通量密度和CO2浓度差异不大。一天中气温高于35 ℃和相对湿度高于90 %的时间较长,气温低于20 ℃和相对湿度低于70 %的时间较短。