早熟花椰菜新品种‘京研60’

 ‘京研60’花椰菜是以胞质雄性不育系CMS60-2为母本，自交系37-2A为父本配制而成的早熟一代杂种，植株生长势强，从定植至收获约60 d，单球质量0.8~1.0 kg，花球洁白，紧密，呈半圆球形；杂交纯度可达100%，耐热，抗病，适合秋季栽培。     

两类甘蓝雄性不育系种子产量构成因素分析

以结球甘蓝自交系02-12及其回交转育多代育成的显性核基因雄性不育系（DGMS）和细胞质雄性不育系（CMS）为试材,对其制种产量及种子产量构成因素进行分析。结果表明：显性核基因雄性不育系材料DGMS02-12与细胞质雄性不育系材料CMSR302-12在单株产量和小区产量方面存在显著差异,并且全株有效荚数和每荚种子粒数是两种类型甘蓝雄性不育系间制种产量存在差异的主要构成因素。其中,一级分枝种子产量占单株产量的80%以上,一级分枝有效荚数、每荚种子粒数与制种产量有显著的相关性和较高的通径系数。     

结球甘蓝新品种‘瑞甘17’的选育

‘瑞甘17’是由甘蓝胞质雄性不育系‘CMS04-13’与自交不亲和系‘03-8-1-2-4-1’杂交而成的秋甘蓝新品种。定植至收获的天数约84 d,叶球扁圆形,结球较紧实,耐裂球;单球质量2 kg,每667 m~2产量约6 400 kg;耐热性较强;抗病毒病和黑腐病。球色为鲜绿色,脆甜品质好,商品性高。2015年通过全国蔬菜品种鉴定委员会鉴定。     

抗根肿病秋大白菜新品种‘CR京秋新3号’

大白菜‘CR京秋新3号’是由分子标记辅助饱和回交转育获得的抗根肿病的细胞质雄性不育系CMS84427CR和自交系832172CR配制而成的中晚熟一代杂种。生育期80 ~ 85 d,植株半直立,株高44 cm左右,开展度75 cm左右。外叶绿色,叶球直筒、叠抱,球高约34 cm,宽约18 cm,净菜质量约4 kg,净菜产量约90 t • hm-2。抗根肿病2号生理小种,抗病毒病、霜霉病。适合北方地区秋季种植。     

割球时期及方式对中晚熟花椰菜制种产量的影响

中晚熟花椰菜制种采取不同时期及不同方式割球对制种产量和种子成熟期有明显影响,花椰菜在生殖生长发育的不同时期给予适宜的环境条件及合理管理方法的前提下,在花椰菜花球生长中后期(花球直径10 cm～12 cm(厘米))进行顶部二次割球,有利于抽枝、开花和提高种子产量.一般从显球至种子成熟平均需要114.9 d(天),其单株结荚623.47个,单荚结籽数为14.07粒.     

青花菜晚熟新品种‘沪绿六号’

通过选育雄性不育系（XY-2）并与优良自交系（LFZY04-4）杂交培育出晚熟青花菜新品种‘沪绿六号’。从定植到采收约为90 ~ 105 d,生长势强,整齐度高,耐寒性好。花球紧实,球形高圆,球色绿,花蕾细密,主花球横径可达18 cm,平均单球质量650 g。栽培密度37 500株 · hm^-2,平均产量24 t · hm^-2。田间表现高抗黑腐病。品种适应性好,适播期长,早播无夹叶球,晚播不红球。     

春甘蓝新品种‘中甘27’和‘中甘28’

‘中甘27’和‘中甘28’是以细胞质雄性不育系CMS87-534为母本,双单倍体DH系D77和D83为父本分别配制而成的春甘蓝一代杂种。‘中甘27’叶球高圆形,球色深绿,单球质量约1.0kg;‘中甘28’叶球圆球形,球色绿,单球质量约1.1 kg。两个新品种均商品性好,叶球质地脆嫩,适应性强,耐未熟抽薹。华北地区春季露地栽培,从定植到收获约60d,适宜在北京、河北、河南、甘肃、陕西、山东、江苏、福建等地春季露地种植。     

东方百合-‘Sorbonne’经花球原地复壮探讨

通过测定东方百合-‘Sorbonne’经花球原地复壮后的周径、鳞片数、重量、新球重量、新球周径等参数,与进口种球的周径和重量进行比较。结果表明:经花球在原地复壮经45~50 d可以达到进口种球14~16 cm的周径和重量。     

以显性雄性不育系配制的早熟秋甘蓝新品种‘中甘18’

 ‘中甘18’甘蓝新品种是利用显性雄性不育系DGMS 012216 为母本, 自交系962100211 为父本杂交而成, 该品种早熟性好, 秋季种植从定植到收获约55 d , 叶球紧实, 圆球形, 耐裂球, 平均单球质量110 kg 左右, 田间较抗病毒病。适于在我国北方地区作极早熟秋甘蓝栽培, 也可在上述地区作早熟春甘蓝栽培。     

以胞质雄性不育系配制的早熟秋甘蓝新品种‘中甘22''

‘中甘22’甘蓝以胞质雄性不育系CMS8180为母本,自交系7014为父本配制而成。该一代杂种秋季种植早熟性好,定植到收获约60d;叶球单球质量1．75kg,抗病毒病和黑腐病,不易裂球,品质优,适于华北、东北、西北地区早秋种植。     

‘秀丽’蒲包花光周期反应特性的研究

 采用迁光试验研究长日照植物蒲包花‘秀丽’的限界性诱导光周期,不同发育阶段对光周期的敏感性和光周期处理对盆花品质的影响,并推测了童期长度。连续短日照和经7 d长日照后移至短日照的蒲包花,从处理到开花的天数显著长于长日照14 ~ 42 d后移至短日照的处理,而14 ~ 42 d长日照转移的处理之间差异不显著,表明14 d的长日照处理足以促进蒲包花开花,其限界性诱导光周期在7 ~ 14 d之间,长日照14 d以后蒲包花的花芽发育对光周期不敏感。长日照7 d后转到短日照,从处理到现蕾的天数减少而从现蕾到开花的天数增加,顶花芽败育,侧芽萌发开花,表明长日照7 d促进了花芽分化,但此时花芽发育对光周期仍敏感。本试验条件下,生长至3对叶片时蒲包花已结束童期。长日照促进株高和主枝长度的增加,21 d长日照后转移到短日照的处理,株高、主枝长度显著大于14 d时转移的处理,开花整齐,盆花品质显著提高。长日照转到短日照时,地上部鲜质量、根鲜质量、总质量均随着迁光天数的延迟而下降;短日照转到长日照时则相反。9月上旬播种育苗,在3对叶片时开始长日照处理21 d,蒲包花‘秀丽’可在1月上旬始花,保证春节上市。     

保护地专用花椰菜新品种‘津品60’

 ‘津品60’为保护地专用花椰菜新品种,是以胞质雄性不育系不育富强–1为母本,自交不亲和系C-8为父本配制而成。植株生长势强,直立紧凑,内叶护球;花球半球形,紧实,洁白,无毛。保护地栽培成熟期61 ~ 65 d,单球质量1.0 kg,平均产量40 000 kg · hm^-2。田间表现抗黑腐病兼抗芜菁花叶病毒病,耐0 ~ 5 ℃的低温和高湿环境。     

保护地专用春甘蓝新品种‘中甘56’

 ‘Zhonggan 56’is a spring cabbage hybrid between dominant genic male sterile line DGMS726-3 and self-incompatible inbred line 0445-1-1-2,special for protected cultivation. It takes about 46 days from transplant to harvest when planted in the greenhouse in north China as the spring cabbage. The head is round in shape and green in color,with the weight of around 1.0 kg. The head is crisp and tender,with high quality. It is tolerant to the low temperature,low light,and premature bolting. It is suitable for protected cultivation in spring in Hebei,Shaanxi,Shandong,Henan,Jiangsu,etc.     

The responses of early-flowering chrysanthemums to daylength

In a study of photoperiod response 30 early (summer)-flowering chrysanthemum cultivars from Britain and Japan reacted as quantitative short-day plants. Both flower bud initiation and development occurred more rapidly in short days (SD) as compared with long days (LD). The early-flowering cultivars differed from late-flowering chrysanthemums in that lateral flower buds, and often the terminal flower buds, develop to anthesis in LD. Internodes were shorter in SD and flowers had fewer florets. There was an increased number and proportion of disc florets in SD in all cultivars except one. Two cultivars, ‘Mezame’ and ‘Pennine Yellow’, closely approached day-neutrality.All cultivars produced fewer leaves in LD on upper lateral shoots than on main stems. Either the presence of the terminal flower bud induces earlier flowering of the upper lateral shoots, or the change which causes the terminal apical meristem to initiate a flower in LD influences the axillary meristem also.SD could be used to speed up the flowering of glasshouse-grown crops of early-flowering cultivars. The advantages and disadvantages which may be associated with treatment at different stages of growth are discussed.     

不同光质对盆栽一品红光合特性及生长的影响

 以‘天鹅绒’和‘威望’两个一品红品种为试材, 研究了红、黄、蓝3种光质对其生长、观赏品质和花期的影响, 结果表明: 红光有利于叶绿素b的合成, 促进侧枝的生长, 推迟花期3 d, 但提高花头的观赏品质。黄光有利于光合速率的增加, 对侧枝的生长表现出前期促进、后期抑制的现象, 虽然对花期无明显影响, 但降低了花头的观赏品质。蓝光有利于叶绿素a的合成, 抑制侧枝的生长, 使花期提前7 d,但对花头观赏品质无明显影响。     

Early forcing of narcissus: The effects of lifting date and stage of floral development at the start of cooling

Early Narcissus flowers may be obtained if bulbs are lifted early from the field, warm-stored (35°C) and then cool-stored (9°C) before forcing in a glasshouse. The earliest satisfactory forcing was investigated, in ‘Carlton’ and ‘Fortune’, by lifting weekly from 27 May to 22 June, and storing at 17°C for 0–7 weeks between warm- and cool-storage. Storage at 17°C is usually intercalated to allow the completion of flower differentiation prior to the start of cool storage.After warm-storage, the bulbs lifted on 27 May and 22 June had reached Stages Sp and A2 of flower differentiation, respectively; 5–7 weeks of 17°C-storage were then needed to reach complete flower differentiation (Stage Pc). Cool storage was therefore begun with bulbs ranging from Stage Sp to Stage Pc. The earliest cooled bulbs had progressed only to Stage A2, and all others to Stage Pc, after 14–16 weeks of cool storage. No floral defects (e.g., split paracorolla) were noted in any treatment, but in ‘Carlton’, about half the bulbs lifted on 27 May and stored for 0 or 1 week at 17°C did not yield a flower, due to failure of the scape to elongate and death of the flower bud within the spathe.Duration of the glasshouse period was reduced by later lifting and by longer 17°C-storage, but following lifting on 15 or 22 June and 2 or more weeks at 17°C, differences were trivial. For flowering within 30 days in the glasshouse, 5 or 6 weeks' 17°C-storage was needed with 27 May lifting, reducing to 1 week at 17°C after 22 June lifting. Flowering within 21 glasshouse days was achieved only after 15 or 22 June lifts followed by 4–5 weeks at 17°C. The earliest flowers in ‘Fortune’ (7 November) were produced following 3–5 weeks at 17°C after lifting on 27 May or 1 June, or following 1–2 weeks at 17°C after later lifting. In ‘Carlton’, the earliest flowers (23 November) followed 2–3 weeks at 17°C after lifting between 1 and 15 June, or 0–1 weeks at 17°C after the last lifting date (22 June). Following the use of 3 weeks' 17°C-storage, flowering date was about equal, irrespective of lifting date. However, further extension of 17°C-storage resulted in a delay in flowering date. Scape length increased irregularly with longer storage at 17°C; scapes were taller following later lifting (8–22 June) than following earlier lifting. Differences in flower diameter between treatments were relatively small.     

Determination of Heat Requirements and Effective Heat Summations of Some Pomegranate Cultivars Grown in Southern Anatolia

Temperature (high and low) is one of the most limiting environmental factors for growth and production of fruits in different parts of the world. For temperate-zone fruit species, a certain total heat requirements are needed in order to obtain ripe fruits. The aim of this study was to determine heat requirements of three commercial pomegranate cultivars (‘Suruc’, ‘Katirbasi’ and ‘Hicaznar’) grown in Southern Anatolia region. The cultivars showed a narrower range of heat requirements for flowering (growing degree hours, GDH), i.e. ‘Suruc’ (25,000), ‘Katirbasi’ (25,270), ‘Hicaznar’ (28,000) and a wide range of heat requirements for fruit ripening, i.e. ‘Suruc’ (73,670), ‘Katirbasi’ (74,105) and ‘Hicaznar’ (88,052) GDH. Under the Sanliurfa province conditions, two years average of effective heat summation requirement from bud swelling to 50 % flowering stage for ‘Suruc’, ‘Katirbasi’ and ‘Hicaznar’ cultivars are calculated as 643, 655 and 718 growing degree days (GDD) and from bud swelling to harvest are 2734, 2802 and 3289 GDD. It can be concluded that the effective heat summation of Sanliurfa province is enough for commercial growing for all pomegranate cultivars.     

香蕉新品种‘南天红’

香蕉新品种‘南天红’由‘南天黄’的自然突变选育而成。假茎平均高度2.59 m，幼树假茎外表面暗红色，抽蕾后转绿。雄花苞片外表面常为深红色，花苞卷曲，常不脱落；从种植到收获11 ~ 13个月，单株产量25 kg，品质好。中高抗香蕉枯萎病4号小种，采用配套的栽培技术可在所有香蕉种植区推广。     

Effects of growth-regulating chemicals on two cultivars of Mid-Century Hybrid lily

The effects on growth and flowering of Mid-Century Hybrid lilies ‘Enchantment’ and ‘Joan Evans’ of soil drench applications of ancymidol at 0, 5, 10 and 15 ppm have been compared with those produced by drenches of chlormequat chloride, chlorphonium chloride and ethephon at 25 000, 1000 and 1000 ppm, respectively.Ancymidol inhibited stem growth more effectively than a 5000-fold greater quantity of chlormequat chloride. Chlorphonium chloride had little dwarfing effect, and ethephon, although producing height reductions similar to those obtained with 5 ppm ancymidol, delayed flowering slightly in both cultivars (significantly in ‘Enchantment’), and adversely affected overall plant appearance.Ancymidol reduced the lateral spread of foliage, increased the proportion of the total stem length bearing dead leaves, did not significantly delay flowering in either cultivar and appeared to favour the initiation and survival of secondary flowers in ‘Enchantment’.