一个水稻颖壳扭曲突变体的遗传分析与基因定位

 从水稻育种后代材料中获得1个颖壳扭曲突变体Osth (twisted hull)。遗传分析结果表明,该突变性状由单核基因隐性突变造成。以突变体与颖壳正常籼稻R725杂交的F2群体为基因定位群体,利用SSR标记将突变位点定位在第2染色体上的SSR标记RM14128与RM208之间,遗传距离分别为1.4 cM 和2.7 cM。这些结果为该基因的精细定位和克隆以及研究水稻花发育的分子机理奠定了基础。     

Mapping of Rice Fertility-Restoring Genes for ID-Type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in a Restorer Line R68

An F2 population derived from the cross Zhong 9NR68 was used to map the fertility-restoring (Rf) gene for ID-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS).Two bulks (a fertile bulk and a sterile bulk) were constructed by pooling equal amount of ten highly fertile lines and ten highly sterile lines,respectively.Four hundred and thirteen pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers,which evenly distributed on 12 chromosomes of rice,were selected for analyzing polymorphisms between the parents and between the two bulks.The primer RM283 on chromosome 1 and the primers RM5756,RM258,RM6100 and RM171 on chromosome 10 were found to be polymorphic between the parents and between the two bulks.These five SSR markers were linked to fertility-restoring genes.A total of 82 excessive sterile lines were selected from Zhong 9NR68 F2 population to estimate the genetic distance between five SSR markers and fertility-restoring genes respectively.The results indicated that one Rf gene was linked to RM283 located on chromosome 1 at a distance of 6.7 cM,and the other Rfgene was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 10 flanked by RM258 and RM6100 at the distances of 8.0 cM and 2.4 cM,respectively.     

水稻印尼水田谷型细胞质雄性不育恢复系R68的恢复基因初步定位

用印尼水田谷型不育系中9A和恢复系R68配组,选取F2的高可育株和极端不育株构建2个基因池,用82个完全不育单株作为定位群体,利用分布于12条染色体的413对SSR引物对双亲和两池进行多态性分析。 位于第1染色体的RM283和位于第10染色体的RM5756、RM258、RM6100、RM171 在亲本、两池间存在多态性,用F2单株验证证明它们与恢复基因连锁。经典遗传分析和分子标记定位研究表明,印尼水田谷型细胞质雄性不育恢复系R68具有2对恢复基因,分别位于第1和第10染色体上。位于第1染色体的恢复基因与分子标记RM283的距离是6.7 cM,位于第10染色体的恢复基因与标记RM5756、RM258、RM6100和RM171间的距离分别是10.4、8.0、2.4和4.2 cM。     

水稻色素原基因C的精细定位

应用籼稻组合珍汕97B/密阳46的衍生材料,针对水稻第6染色体短臂色素原基因C的可能位置,筛选到在C基因周围区间呈不同基因型组合的7个剩余杂合体,收获种子建立F2∶3群体。在各个植株上,稃尖颜色和叶鞘颜色的表现完全相同。通过各个群体颜色表现与原剩余杂合体基因型的比较,将C基因定位于微卫星标记RM314与RM253之间。在该基础上,应用两个分离群体共1279个样本,经标记检测和连锁分析,进一步将C基因定位于RM111和RM253之间, 与RM111和RM253的遗传距离分别为0.7 cM和0.4 cM。最后,应用区间内的另外6个微卫星标记和1个源于C基因候选基因OsC1的标记,检测在RM111 C基因 RM253区间内发生了重组的22个个体,将C基因定位于一个大小为59.3 kb、涵盖C基因候选基因OsC1座位的区间中。     

Fine Mapping of C(Chromogen for Anthocyanin)Gene in Rice

Seven residual heterozygous lines(RHLs)displaying different genotypic compositions in the genomic region covering probable locations of C (Chromogen for anthocyanin)gene on the short arm of rice chromosome 6 were selected from the progenies of the indica cross Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46.Seeds were harvested from each of the seven plants,and the resultant F2:3 populations were used for fine mapping of C gene.It was shown in the populations that the apiculus coloration matched to basal leaf sheath coloration in each plant.By relating the coloration performances of the populations with the genotypic compositions of the RHLS,the C locus was located between rice SSR markers RM314 and RM253.By using a total of 1279 F2:3 individuals from two populations showing coloration segregation.the C locus was then located between RM111 and RM253,with genetic distances of 0.7 cM to RM111 and 0.4 cM to RM253.Twenty-two recombinants found in the two populations were assayed with seven more markers located between RM111 and RM253,including six SSR markers and one marker for the C gene candidate,OsC1.The C locus Was delimited to a 59.3-kb region in which OsC1 was located.     

水稻短根突变体ksr1的遗传分析和基因定位

 从甲基磺酸乙酯诱变的Kasalath突变体库中,在苗期筛选到一个水稻短根突变体 ksr1, 6 d苗龄时该突变体的根长只有野生型的20%左右,遗传分析表明该突变性状由一对隐性核基因控制。利用突变体与粳稻日本晴杂交发展的F2群体对突变基因进行了定位分析,初步定位结果显示目的基因 KSR1 与第4染色体上SSR标记RM1223连锁。在该标记附近进一步发展了8对SSR标记和2对InDel标记,将突变基因定位于InDel标记4 24725K和SSR标记RM17182之间,该区段物理距离为155 kb。     

光照敏感型水稻红根突变体遗传分析及基因的分子定位

 在自然光条件下水培籼稻品种Nankinkodo中,发现根为红色的自然突变体,命名为HG1。水培条件下该突变体在光照强度大于29 μmol/（m2·s）的可见光下,根开始转红,在光照强度为180 μmol/（m2·s）的可见光下,呈鲜红,具有明显的光照敏感性。遗传分析表明,该突变体光照敏感性的红根性状由1对显性基因控制, 暂命名为Lsr。利用微卫星标记将Lsr基因定位在第4染色体上RM252与RM303之间,遗传距离分别为9.8 cM和6.4 cM, 这为Lsr基因的精细定位和克隆奠定了基础。     

Fine Mapping of C（Chromogen for Anthocyanin） Gene in Rice

Seven residual heterozygous lines (RHLs) displaying different genotypic compositions in the genomic region covering probable locations of C (Chromogen for anthocyanin) gene on the short arm of rice chromosome 6 were selected from the progenies of the indica cross Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46. Seeds were harvested from each of the seven plants, and the resultant F_2:3 populations were used for fine mapping of C gene. It was shown in the populations that the apiculus coloration matched to basal leaf sheath coloration in each plant. By relating the coloration performances of the populations with the genotypic compositions of the RHLs, the C locus was located between rice SSR markers RM314 and RM253. By using a total of 1279 F_2:3 individuals from two populations showing coloration segregation, the C locus was then located between RM111 and RM253, with genetic distances of 0.7 cM to RM111 and 0.4 cM to RM253. Twenty-two recombinants found in the two populations were assayed with seven more markers located between RM111 and RM253, including six SSR markers and one marker for the C gene candidate, OsC1. The C locus was delimited to a 59.3-kb region in which OsC1 was located.     

非洲栽培稻垩白粒率耐热性QTL的定位

【目的】本研究旨在定位一个稻米垩白粒率高温耐性QTL,为外观品质育种及解析垩白粒率高温耐性的遗传机制提供依据。【方法】以非洲栽培稻耐热品种IRGC102309(Oryza glaberrima Steud.)和籼稻品种R9311(O. sativa L. subsp. indica Kato.)为亲本构建的栽培稻种间染色体片段导入系CSIL05-23为材料构建次级分离群体,结合人工气候室模拟灌浆期高温胁迫处理,采用垩白粒率高温钝感值为评价指标,对非洲栽培稻垩白粒率高温耐性 QTL 进行检测。【结果】 在BC₆F₂分离群体,利用单标记分析,发现第5染色体上的SSR标记RM1200与垩白粒率耐热性状极显著正相关（P=0.0005）。进一步利用BC₆F₃和BC₆F₄分离群体,采用QTL Cartographer 2.5软件和复合区间作图法在水稻第5染色体上的SSR标记RM1200-RM5796区间重复检测到一个灌浆期垩白粒率耐热性QTL, 命名为qHTCGR5,分别解释11.4%和17.5%表型变异。根据BC₆F₄分离群体的纯合重组体表型分组,利用置换作图方法将目标QTL同样定位在SSR标记RM1200-RM5796之间,遗传图距为1.3 cM,物理图距约为333.4 kb。【结论】 控制垩白粒率耐热性的qHTCGR5是一个能够用于稻米外观品质育种的新QTL。     

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of a Novel Chlorophyll-Deficit Mutant Gene in Rice

A rice etiolation mutant 824ys featured with chlorophyll deficiency was identified from a normal green rice variety 824B.It showed whole green-yellow plant from the seedling stage,reduced number of tillers and longer growth duration.The contents of chlorophyll,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and net photosynthetic rate in leaves of the mutant obviously decreased,as well as the number of spikelets per panicle,seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight compared with its wild-type parent.Genetic analyses on F1 and F2 generetions of 824ys crossed with three normal green varieties showed that the chlorophyll-deficit mutant character was controlled by a pair of recessive nuclear gene.Genetic mapping of the mutant gene was conducted by using microsatellite markers and F2 mapping population of 495R/824ys,and the mutant gene of 824ys was mapped on the shon arm of rice chromosome 3.The genetic distances from the target gene to the markers RM218,RM282 and RM6959 were 25.6 cM,5.2 cM and 21.8 cM,respectively.It was considered to be a now chlorophyll-deficit mutant gene and tentatively named as chl11(t).     

Genetic Analysis and Mapping of Dominant Minute Grain Gene Mi3（t） in Rice

Grain size, determined chiefly by grain length, is one of the main factors affecting the grain yield in rice production. To study the trait of rice grain size, F1 and F2 populations were developed from crosses Shuhui 881/Y34 and Shuhui 527/Y34, and genetic analysis for minute grain was performed. The F1 populations showed minute grains, and grain size segregations in the two F2 populations were both in accordance with the ratio of 3：1, indicating that minute grain in Y34 was controlled by a completely dominant gene. By using the F2 population from Shuhui 881/Y34, this dominant gene, tentatively designated as Mi3（t）, was mapped based on SSR markers in the interval between RM282 （genetic distance of 5.1 cM） and RM6283 （genetic distance of 0.9 cM） on the short arm of chromosome 3.     

一个水稻新黄绿叶突变体基因的分子定位

在水稻品种武运粳7号中发现了一个黄绿叶自然突变体,经过多代自交形成了稳定的突变系。该突变系和武运粳7号的正反交F2代的遗传分析表明该材料的黄绿叶由1对隐性基因控制,命名为 ygl 2。利用已有的微卫星（SSR）标记和新发展的SSR标记将 ygl 2基因定位于RM1340、RM7269、RM6298、SSR6 16和RM7434、SSR6 5、SSR6 9、RM5957之间,排列位置为RM1340-RM7269-RM6298-SSR6 16 -ygl 2-RM7434-SSR6 5、SSR6 9-RM5957,它们之间的遗传距离分别为238、0.37、0.00、0.62、0.74、0.49、0.86和1.62 cM,这为 ygl 2基因的分子标记辅助选择育种和图位克隆奠定了基础。     

水稻矮秆多分蘖突变体mz3的遗传分析和基因定位

通过EMS诱变粳稻品种中花11获得一个稳定遗传的矮秆多分蘖突变体mz3。遗传分析表明该突变性状受一对隐性基因控制,并利用mz3与籼稻品种南京11杂交建立的F2群体,将该基因定位在水稻第6染色体长臂上的SSR标记RM19353与RM510之间约747kb范围内。由于该区间包含控制水稻株高和分蘖的D3基因,结合表型分析,推测突变基因与D3可能为一对等位基因。设计7对引物分别对中花11与突变体mz3的基因进行测序,结果显示,与中花11相比,D3基因在mz3中第636位核苷酸由G突变为A,使得编码色氨酸的密码子TGG突变为终止密码子TGA,导致翻译提前终止。进一步对定位群体中10个隐性极端个体测序,结果显示所有极端个体都带有该突变位点。亚细胞定位结果表明,突变体编码的D3蛋白与野生型一样定位在细胞核中,荧光双分子互补试验结果表明,突变体D3蛋白不能与D14蛋白发生互作,推测突变体编码的D3截短蛋白缺少了与D14互作的氨基酸序列,从而阻碍了独脚金内酯信号传递。因此,mz3表型很可能由D3基因突变引起。     

Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of a Rice Tiller Angle Mutant tac2

Tiller angle, a very essential agronomic trait, is significant in rice breeding, especially in plant type breeding. A tiller angle controlling 2 (tac2) mutant was obtained from a restorer line Jinhui 10 by ethyl methane sulphonate mutagenesis. The tac2 mutant displayed normal phenotype at the seedling stage and the tiller angle significantly increased at the tillering stage. A preliminary physiological research indicated that the mutant was sensitive to GA. Thus, it is speculated that TAC2 and TAC1 might control the tiller angle in the same way. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant trait was controlled by a major recessive gene and was located on chromosome 9 using SSR markers. The genetic distances between TAC2 and its nearest markers RM3320 and RM201 were 19.2 cM and 16.7 cM, respectively.     

一个新的水稻叶绿素缺失突变基因的遗传分析和分子标记定位

从正常绿色水稻品种824B中发现1个黄化突变体824ys。该突变体具有叶绿素缺失突变特性,表现为植株黄绿色,分蘖数减少,生育期延长,总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b的含量以及净光合速率比野生型亲本824B明显下降,每穗着粒数、结实率、千粒重等降低。对824ys与3个正常绿色品种杂交F1、F2的遗传分析表明,控制824ys的叶绿素缺失突变性状为1对隐性核基因。以495R/824ys F2作为定位群体,应用微卫星标记将824ys的叶绿素缺失突变基因定位于水稻第3染色体短臂,与RM218、RM282和RM6959等标记之间的遗传距离分别为25.6、 5.2和21.8 cM。认为该基因为一个新的水稻叶绿素缺失突变基因,暂命名为chl11(t)。     

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of Light-Sensitive Red-Root Mutant in Rice

The light-sensitive red-root mutant, designated as HG1, was newly observed from an indica rice variety, Nankinkodo, when seedlings were grown with roots exposed to natural light. The root color of the mutant began to turn slight-red when the roots were exposed to the light at the intensity of 29 μmol/(m2·s), then turned dark-red at the light intensity of 180 μmol/(m2·s), suggesting that the root color of the mutant was evidently sensitive to light. Furthermore, genetic analysis showed that the character of ...     

一个水稻金黄色颖壳和节间基因的遗传定位

R68是带有金黄色颖壳和节间标记的籼稻恢复系。对来源于组合中9A/R68 的F2群体的遗传分析表明,R68的金黄色颖壳和节间性状由1对隐性基因控制。利用SSR分子标记,采用隐性群体分析法,把金黄色颖壳和节间基因定位在第3染色体上,位于RM1230、RM7000和RM227、RM514之间,遗传距离分别为8.7、3.3、2.7和4.7 cM,暂将该基因命名为 gh 5。     

应用SSR分子标记鉴定超级杂交水稻组合及其纯度

 应用SSR分子标记技术对超级杂交稻5个组合（HYS 1/R105、培矮64S/E32、两优培九、88S/0293、J23A/Q611）及其9个亲本进行了鉴定。用144对SSR引物进行筛选，有47对能够在实验材料中显示较好的多态性，其中，RM337与RM154呈现丰富多态性，可鉴别供试组合并分别与其亲本区分开。对于水稻的每一条染色体，各筛选出两条产生多态性的引物，共24对，并提供一组作为鉴定参考的图谱；通过杂种表现为父母本互补带型的特点，找到在杂交稻组合及其亲本间具有多态性的引物，筛选出5对引物分别作为鉴定上述5个超级杂交稻组合的特异引物，进而针对杂交稻不同的纯度问题设计鉴定方法。     

波兰小麦×普通小麦品系“中13”RIL群体籽粒特性的QTL定位

小麦籽粒特性与籽粒产量和品质密切相关。本研究以波兰小麦(Tiriticum polonicum L.)×普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品系"中13"杂交组合衍生的99个F8重组自交系(Recombinant inbred lines,RIL)群体为材料,利用SSR分子标记构建连锁遗传图谱。根据两年实验数据,利用复合区间作图法对粒重、粒长和粒宽3个籽粒特性相关性状进行了QTL定位分析,共检测到12个与籽粒特性相关的加性QTL位点。其中,3个粒重QTL,1个位于1A染色体上,另外2个都在2A染色体上,单个QTL可解释表型变异的13.35%～20.04%;5个粒长QTL,其中2个位于2A染色体上,其余3个分别位于3A、5A和2B染色体上,单个QTL可解释表型变异的8.53%～21.03%;4个粒宽QTL,分别位于1A、2A、3B和5B染色体上,单个QTL可解释表型变异的9.76%～40.79%。在2A染色体上共检测到5个籽粒特性相关性状的QTL,表明2A染色体与籽粒特性关系密切。     

水稻着丝粒附近一个淡绿叶突变相关基因的定位分析

在T DNA插入水稻突变体库中,发现了一个以日本晴为遗传背景的温度钝感型淡绿叶突变体pgl2（pale green leaf 2 ）。遗传学分析表明该突变性状由1对单隐性核基因控制。利用突变体与籼稻品种龙特甫杂交,构建F2群体对突变基因进行精细定位。初步定位结果显示目的基因与第8染色体上SSR标记RM331连锁,在该标记附近发展了14对INDEL标记,将突变基因进一步定位于着丝粒上2.37 Mb的区间,并对该区间候选基因进行了分析。突变体叶绿素的总量与对照相仿,但是叶绿素a/b比值趋于1,明显低于对照。推测突变基因可能与叶绿素a、b间的转化有关。还就着丝粒中基因定位的引物设计方法进行了讨论。