霉菌毒素吸附剂蒙脱石的耐受性评价

为确定昆明鼠对饲料中霉菌毒素吸附剂蒙脱石的耐受剂量,试验选择60只初始体重为(17±0.12)g的健康雄性昆明系小白鼠,随机分成5个处理组,每组2个重复,每个重复6只.在基础日粮含黄曲霉毒素B₁(AFB₁)< 10.0 μg/kg的条件下,5个处理组分别添加0(对照组)、0.5%、1%、2%和5%蒙脱石.试验30 d后测定小白鼠生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标及内脏组织变化.结果表明,添加0.5%蒙脱石显著提高了小白鼠平均日采食量(P< 0.05),添加1%蒙脱石组小白鼠平均日采食量和平均日增重与对照组间均无显著差异(P> 0.05),随着蒙脱石添加水平的升高,小白鼠平均日采食量显著下降(P< 0.05).蒙脱石添加水平为2%时,小白鼠平均日增重与对照组相比无显著差异(P> 0.05),但显著低于0.5%和1%组(P< 0.05).本试验中添加不同水平蒙脱石对小白鼠干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)和粗脂肪(EE)的表观消化率均未造成显著影响(P> 0.05).随着蒙脱石添加水平的提高,血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量不断升高,除0.5%组与对照组相比差异不显著外(P> 0.05),其他3组均显著高于对照组(P< 0.05).小白鼠组织切片显示,蒙脱石添加水平为5%时,肝脏有不同程度的损伤.综上所述,在本试验条件下,当基础日粮含霉菌毒素在安全范围内时,综合考虑各项指标,昆明系小白鼠对本受试蒙脱石的耐受剂量介于0.5%~2%之间.     

日粮霉菌毒素吸附剂添加水平对奶牛营养物质表观消化率和血液指标的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加霉菌毒素吸附剂蒙脱石对中国荷斯坦奶牛营养物质表观消化率和血液指标的影响。选择45头胎次、泌乳日龄和产奶量相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛,采用随机区组设计分为5组,每组9头,分别在基础日粮中添加0%(对照组)、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%的蒙脱石,试验期70 d,测定各组的饲料营养物质表观消化率、血液中酶和矿物元素含量的变化。结果表明:随着蒙脱石添加量的增大,血清中谷草转氨酶浓度无显著变化(P>0.05),但0.5%组血清中谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶的浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);血液中锌和镁浓度无显著变化,但1.0%~2.0%组血液中钙浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),铜和铁浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);对粗脂肪、钙和总磷的表观消化率无显著影响,但粗蛋白质表观消化率有升高趋势,且0.5%组的NDF、ADF表观消化率最高。综合考虑,本试验条件下(奶牛日粮中霉菌毒素含量在安全范围内),日粮中霉菌毒素吸附剂蒙脱石的推荐添加量为0.5%。     

育成期红腹锦鸡适宜蛋白质水平的研究

试验选取健康、体重一致、12周龄的红腹锦鸡15只,随机分为5个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复1只,试验期为12周,分别饲喂蛋白质水平不周的5种试验日粮（A组16．78％,B组17．76％,C组18．75％,D组19．75％,E组20．67％）。在试验期间,采用全收粪法收集所有样品,并测定样品。研究日粮蛋白质水平对育成期红腹锦鸡生长性能、营养物质消化率的影响。结果表明：日粮代谢能在同一水平上（12．14MJ／kg）,蛋白质水平为18．75％时,平均日增重为3．13g,平均日采食量为21．51g,料重比为6．87。日增重和料重比均与其他各组差异显著（P〈0．05）。平均目采食量在各组之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。蛋白质水平为18．75％时的蛋白质消化率明显高于其他各组（P〈0．05）。目粮代谢能为12．14MJ／kg,蛋白质水平为18．75％时,为红腹锦鸡育成期适宜粗蛋白质需要量。     

香菇多糖对仔猪生产性能、营养物质消化率及抗氧化能力的影响

通过在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中添加香菇多糖,研究其对仔猪生产性能、营养物质消化率及抗氧化能力的影响。选取120头(长白×大白,体重11.34 kg左右)仔猪,随机分为4组,每组设5个重复,每个重复6头猪,试验期28 d。第Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加150 mg/kg、300 mg/kg、450 mg/kg的香菇多糖。结果显示:添加香菇多糖能够显著提高仔猪0 d~14 d、14 d~28 d及试验全期的平均日增重(ADG);试验各组的平均日采食量(ADFI)在0 d~14 d及试验全期均得到显著提高;而料重比(F/G)在各时期并没有显著降低。第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组粗蛋白(CP)消化率分别相对提高了3.16%(P<0.05)、2.64%(P>0.05)、0.13%(P>0.05),第Ⅱ、Ⅲ组粗脂肪(EE)消化率分别相对提高了1.53%(P>0.05)、1.37%(P>0.05),较第Ⅳ组分别相对提高了1.80%(P>0.05)、1.65%(P>0.05)。第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLO)、血糖(GLU)水平较第Ⅰ组有所提高,第Ⅲ组血清尿素氮(SUN)相对降低了0.32%(P>0.05),但均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组丙二醛(MDA)含量较第Ⅰ组分别相对下降了13.22%(P>0.05)、23.42%(P<0.05)、31.54%(P<0.01),超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活力分别相对提高了4.13%(P>0.05)、13.13%(P<0.05)、24.69%(P<0.01),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力分别相对提高了5.54%(P>0.05)、10.43%(P<0.05)、12.13%(P<0.05)。     

饲粮铁添加水平对60～90日龄新西兰肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能及血液指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮铁添加水平对60~90日龄新西兰肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能及血液指标的影响。试验选取104只53日龄体重相近新西兰肉兔,随机分成4个组,每组26个重复,每个重复1只兔。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加50、100、200 mg/kg铁,铁添加形式为七水硫酸亚铁(FeSO4·7H2O),纯度为98%。预试期7 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:1)饲粮铁添加水平对60~90日龄新西兰肉兔平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)有影响显著(P0.05),对平均日采食量(ADFI)无显著影响(P0.05)。随着饲粮铁添加水平的增加,ADG先增加后降低,F/G先降低后增加;当饲粮铁添加水平为100 mg/kg时,ADG最高,F/G最低。2)饲粮铁添加水平对60~90日龄新西兰肉兔全净膛屠宰率和半净膛屠宰率有显著影响(P0.05),随着饲粮铁添加水平的增加,全净膛屠宰率和半净膛屠宰率先增加后降低,当饲粮铁添加水平为50 mg/kg时最高。3)饲粮铁添加水平对60~90日龄新西兰肉兔肝脏指数无显著影响(P0.05),对肾脏指数和脾脏指数有显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮铁添加水平为50、100、200 mg/kg时,肾脏指数显著高于对照组(P0.05);饲粮铁添加水平为100、200 mg/kg时,脾脏指数显著高于对照组(P0.05)。4)饲粮铁添加水平对60~90日龄新西兰肉兔血液中铁、铜、钙、锌、镁含量无显著影响(P0.05);饲粮铁添加水平对血小板分布宽度(PDW)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板大细胞比率(P-LCR)有显著影响(P0.05)。综合本试验测定指标,60~90日龄新西兰肉兔饲粮中适宜的铁添加水平为50~100 mg/kg。     

饲粮中短期内单独及混合添加高水平燕麦β-葡聚糖和微晶纤维素对小鼠生长性能、器官指数和粪便细菌群落结构的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中短期内单独及混合添加高水平燕麦β-葡聚糖和微晶纤维素(MCC)对小鼠生长性能、器官指数、粪便细菌群落结构的影响。选取36只健康的体重为(17.95±0.95)g的BALB/c小鼠,按体重随机分为4组:对照组(CON组),饲粮不含燕麦β-葡聚糖和微晶纤维素;葡聚糖组(G组),饲粮含28%燕麦β-葡聚糖;MCC组(M组),饲粮含20%M CC;混合组(GM组),饲粮含14%燕麦β-葡聚糖和10%M CC。试验期为21 d。结果显示:1)各组小鼠全期(第1~21天)平均日增重(ADG)差异不显著(P0.05),而全期平均日采食量(ADFI)则差异显著(P0.05),表现为G组M组GM组CON组。2)各组小鼠脾脏指数差异不显著(P0.05),各纤维添加组(G组、M组、GM组)与CON组小鼠附睾脂肪垫指数差异不显著(P0.05),但G组和M组小鼠附睾脂肪垫指数均显著低于GM组(P0.05)。3)试验第4天和第7天,G组小鼠粪便细菌香农-威纳指数显著低于CON组(P0.05)。聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)图谱聚类分析显示,试验第13天、第17天时,各组小鼠粪便细菌群落结构差异明显,各组样品在进化树上各自聚类。由此可见,在小鼠饲粮中短期单独或混合添加高水平燕麦β-葡聚糖和MCC均可降低小鼠的ADFI,但不影响小鼠的ADG和脾脏指数;燕麦β-葡聚糖和MCC混合添加比单独添加更能促进小鼠附睾脂肪的沉积;高水平燕麦β-葡聚糖可降低小鼠粪便细菌的多样性;燕麦β-葡聚糖和MCC的添加均可改变小鼠粪便微生物区系,暗示小鼠后肠可能存在特异性利用这2种纤维的核心菌群。     

Effects of Adding Protein Peptide to Diets on Growth Performance and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility of Growing Pigs

The experiment was aimed to study the effects of protein peptide with different pepsin digestibility in vitro (A80,A90) on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility of growing pigs. Experiment 1:300 growing pigs of Duroc pig×Landrace pig×Yorkshire pig were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 repeats pre group and 15 pigs per repeat. The pig of group Ⅰ was fed with basal diet,that of groups Ⅱ to Ⅴ were fed with basal diet with 1%,2%,3%,4% A80 supplement,respectively. The experiment period lasted for 30 d. Experiment 2:240 growing pigs of Duroc pig×Landrace pig×Yorkshire pig were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 repeats pre group and 15 pigs per repeat. The pig of group Ⅰ was fed with basal diet,that of groups Ⅱ to Ⅳ were fed with basal diet with 1%,2%,3% A90 supplement,respectively. The experiment period lasted for 30 d. The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG),average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed/gain (F/G) had no significant difference among all groups (P>0.05) in experiment 1. But the ADG had a tendency to reduce with the increase of A80. The DM,CP apparent digestibility of group Ⅱ was significant higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ (P<0.05),and had no significant difference with group Ⅳ(P>0.05). Digestibility of Ca and P showed a tendency to improve with the increase of A80,but there was no regularity. Experiment 2:With the increase does of A90,ADG was increased firstly and then decreased. The ADG of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ(P<0.05),and had no significant difference with other groups (P>0.05).The ADFI of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05).DM and CP apparent digestibility showed a tendency to decline with the increase dose of A90.In conclusion,A80 had no significant improvement on growth performance and A90 showed a quadratic improvement to pig's growth performance and the best addition percentage of protein hydrolysate in diet was 2% to 3%.     

Effects of soybean raffinose on growth performance,digestibility,humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs

There are appreciable does of raffinose in soybean, but the impacts of raffinose on pigs are poorly investigated. We used 2 experiments to investigate the influence of soybean raffinose on growth performance, digestibility, humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of 30 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows (21.93 ± 0.43 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet, the control diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.5% raffinose, respectively, for 21 d. Results showed that the addition of 0.2% or 0.5% raffinose reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and nutrient digestibility, and dietary 0.5% raffinose increased the ratio of feed to gain (P < 0.05). For serum indexes, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased growth hormone and increased glucagon-like peptide-2, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 concentration (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, a total of 24 crossbred barrows (38.41 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet (ad libitum), the raffinose diet (0.5% raffinose, ad libitum), and the control diet in the same amount as the raffinose group (feed-pair group) for 14 d, respectively. Compared with the control diet, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased ADFI (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, the raffinose group had lower ADG than the feed-pair group, lower nutrient digestibility, lower amylase activity in duodenum, lower amylase, lipase and trypsin activities in jejunum and higher TNF-α concentration in serum compared with the other 2 groups, and a higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results showed that soybean raffinose could reduce feed voluntary intake and body gain while improving intestinal morphology without a significant negative influence on immunity. Taken together, dietary raffinose could decrease growth performance by reducing both feed intake and nutrient digestibility while inducing humoral immune response of growing pigs.     

酿酒酵母培养物对817肉仔鸡生长性能、养分表观利用率及肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在探讨酿酒酵母培养物(SC)对817肉仔鸡生长性能、养分表观利用率及肠道菌群的影响。试验选取1日龄体重相近的817肉仔鸡600只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加20 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素+2.6 mg/kg黄霉素,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加2 500、5 000、7 500 mg/kg SC,试验期为60 d。结果显示:1)1~21日龄,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)均显著高于对照组(P0.05),与抗生素组无显著差异(P0.05);在22~60日龄和1~60日龄2个阶段,试验Ⅱ组的ADG显著高于对照组(P0.05),ADFI显著高于抗生素组(P0.05);22~60日龄,3个试验组的料重比和死亡率较对照组差异均不显著(P0.05),但在1~60日龄有下降趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。2)试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组较对照组显著提高了总磷的表观利用率(P0.05);各组粗蛋白质、钙的表观利用率无显著差异(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组盲肠中大肠杆菌的数量显著降低(P0.05),与抗生素组无显著差异(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组盲肠中乳酸菌数量和试验Ⅲ组空肠中双歧杆菌数量均显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加适宜水平的SC能增加817肉仔鸡ADFI和ADG,降低料重比,增强对饲粮中总磷的利用率,促进乳酸菌、双歧杆菌的增殖,抑制大肠杆菌的增殖;当SC添加水平为5 000 mg/kg时,对动物的促生长效果最佳,优于抗生素。     

蒙脱石对采食霉变花生粕型饲粮肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫机能的影响

本试验旨在研究蒙脱石对采食天然黄曲霉素毒素B1(AFB1)污染花生粕型饲粮的肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫机能的影响,确定蒙脱石作为霉菌吸附剂的饲用效果。选用288只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)健康公雏,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。正对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,负对照组饲粮用自然霉变花生粕(含AFB11 284.21μg/kg;前期、后期饲粮分别添加8.8%和12.0%)替代部分豆粕,试验组分别在负对照组饲粮中添加2.0 g/kg的天然或改性蒙脱石。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与正对照组相比,霉变花生粕显著降低了肉仔鸡平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、42日龄胸肌率和腿肌率以及血浆蛋白含量(P0.05),显著提高了料重比和免疫器官指数(P0.05)。2)与负对照组相比,天然或改性蒙脱石均显著提高了肉仔鸡ADG、ADFI及血浆蛋白含量(P0.05),显著降低了免疫器官指数(P0.05)。3)与天然蒙脱石组相比,改性蒙脱石显著提高了肉仔鸡ADG及血浆总蛋白和白蛋白含量(P0.05),显著降低了胸腺指数(P0.05)。综上,AFB1污染的霉变花生粕能降低肉仔鸡的生长性能和免疫功能,蒙脱石能缓解AFB1引起的不良影响,改性蒙脱石作用效果更佳。     

低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对早期断奶仔猪腹泻和生产性能的影响

本研究选用１８头２８±１日龄断奶的杂交仔猪（平均体重约５．５ｋｇ），研究低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对早期断奶仔猪腹泻和生产性能的影响。试验结果显示：（１）低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮使仔猪血浆挥发性盐基氨含量、血浆尿素氨含量和腹泻指数降低（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１）。（２）采食全植物蛋白型氨基酸平衡饲粮（ＣＰ１８．３％）的仔猪，其平均日增重（ＡＤＧ）、平均日采食量（ＡＤＦＩ）和料肉比（Ｐ／Ｇ）与采食复合蛋白型对照饲粮（ＣＰ１９．７％）的仔猪差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），但前者的增重成本比后者降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）３１％。（３）采食复合蛋白型氨基酸平衡饲粮（ＣＰ１８．４％）的仔猪的生产性能优于采食复合蛋白型对照饲粮（ＣＰ１９．７％）的仔猪，前者的ＡＤＧ和ＡＤＦＩ分别提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）６１％和３２％，Ｆ／Ｇ和增重成本分别下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）２４％和３７％。（４）采食全植物蛋白型氨基酸平衡饲粮的仔猪，其ＡＤＧ和ＡＤＦＩ低于（Ｐ＜０．０１）采食复合蛋白型氨基酸平衡饲粮的仔猪。前者的Ｆ／Ｇ和增重成本趋于高于后者，但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。以上结果表明，低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮可显著降低仔猪断奶后腹泻和提高仔猪生产性能。复合蛋白型?     

Effects of Tomato Pomaceon on Growth Performance,Antioxidant Capacity and Economic Benefit of Finishing Pigs

This study was aimed to study the effects of tomato pomace on growth performance,antioxidant capacity and economic benefit of finishing pigs.80 Doroc pig×Landrace pig×Yorkshire pig crossbreeding finishing pigs with (95.20±3.95) kg body weight were chosen and divided into four groups with four repeats per groups and 5 pigs per repeat. The pigs in control group were fed with basal diet,others in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed basal diet with 100,200 and 300 g/d tomato pomace supplementation,respectively. The test lasted for 37 d.The results showed that compared with control group,the ADG and ADFI of group Ⅰ were increased by 8.93% and 18.81%(P<0.01),respectively,while the F/G of group Ⅰ was decreased by 11.03% than control group (P<0.05).The nutrient apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude ash in groupⅡ were increased by 5.66% (P<0.05) and 14.81% (P<0.01),respectively. The crude fiber apparent digestibility of groups Ⅱand Ⅲ were significantly reduced by 9.25% and 11.88% (P<0.01),while the digestibility of crude protein and crude fat had no significant difference among the four groups (P>0.05).The SOD activity of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased by 40.99% and 36.54% (P<0.01),respectively,and the MDA concent in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the serum T-AOC and GSH activity had no significant difference among the four groups (P>0.05).The weight gain income of group Ⅰ was 586.26 yuan/head,increased by 48.06,52.20 and 52.92 yuan than control group,groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,respectively. The profit of groupⅠ was the highest (466.90 yuan).In conclusion,tomato pomace supplementation could improve growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,antioxidant capacity and the economic benefit,but the content should be controlled.     

饲粮苏氨酸水平对北京雏鸭生长性能、胴体品质、免疫机能和血清激素的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮苏氨酸水平对北京雏鸭生长性能、胴体品质、免疫机能和血清激素的影响。选取320只1日龄健康的北京鸭公鸭,随机分为5组,每组8个重复,每个重复8只。各组饲粮中苏氨酸水平实测值分别为0.65%(对照)、0.69%、0.81%、0.88%和0.98%,试验期为21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮苏氨酸水平对雏鸭平均日增重和平均日采食量有极显著影响(P0.01),对照组雏鸭平均日增重和平均日采食量显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。2)饲粮苏氨酸水平对雏鸭胸肌率有显著影响(P0.05),对照组雏鸭胸肌率显著低于0.69%、0.81%、0.88%水平组(P0.05)。3)饲粮苏氨酸水平对雏鸭法氏囊指数、脾脏指数、胸腺指数影响不显著(P0.05)。饲粮苏氨酸水平对雏鸭法氏囊重和胸腺重有极显著影响(P0.01),对照组雏鸭法氏囊重显著低于其他各组(P0.05),对照组雏鸭胸腺重显著低于0.81%、0.88%水平组(P0.05)。4)饲粮苏氨酸水平对雏鸭血清三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)含量有显著影响(P0.05),0.81%水平组的血清T3含量最高,显著高于对照组和0.98%水平组(P0.05)。5)苏氨酸需要量分别与平均日采食量、平均日增重和胸肌率呈二次曲线关系,并当三者达到最高值时北京雏鸭的苏氨酸需要量分别为0.860%、0.852%和0.837%。由此可见,饲粮中添加适宜水平的苏氨酸可提高雏鸭生长性能、胴体品质和免疫机能。     

低粗蛋白质氨基酸平衡日粮对仔猪生长性能、血液指标、营养物质表观消化率和腹泻率的影响

为研究不同水平低粗蛋白质（CP）氨基酸平衡日粮对10~25 kg仔猪的生长性能、血液指标、营养物质表观养分消化率和腹泻率的影响,选取320头10 kg健康的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复20头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,CP水平为20.1%,其他组饲喂低CP补充氨基酸日粮,CP水平分别为18.3%、14.9%、13.2%,除根据需要补充L-赖氨酸、DL-蛋氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-色氨酸外,还补充L-缬氨酸、L-异亮氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸和L-组氨酸等,共计8种晶体氨基酸,各处理氨基酸水平均达到或超过NRC（1998）猪营养需要量标准,试验期24 d。结果显示：①20.1% CP组仔猪平均日增重（ADG）显著高于13.2% CP（P<0.05）;各组间料重比（F/G）、平均采食量（ADFI）差异均不显著（P>0.05）。②20.1% CP组仔猪血清尿素水平最高,13.2% CP最低,二者差异极显著（P<0.01）;各组间总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、球蛋白（GLB）、白蛋白/球蛋白、胰岛素、血糖、免疫球蛋白（IgA）、IgG、IgM水平均差异不显著（P>0.05）。③13.2% CP、14.9% CP组仔猪CP表观消化率极显著低于20.1% CP组（P<0.01）;其余指标差异均不显著（P>0.05）。④20.1% CP组仔猪腹泻率最高,13.2% CP组腹泻率最低,且差异显著（P<0.05）。综上所述,日粮CP水平降低至14.9%时对仔猪的生长性能无不良影响;血清尿素水平、CP表观消化率均极显著对于对照组（20.1% CP）,仔猪腹泻率大大降低。因此10~25 kg断奶仔猪氨基酸平衡日粮CP水平可降低至14.9%,不影响仔猪的生长性能。     

镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪的抗营养效应及葡配甘露聚糖吸附剂的保护作用

选择125头始重(8.04±0.64)kg去势约×荣仔猪,采用2×2+1因子设计,研究被镰刀菌毒素自然污染的玉米以25%和50%的比例等量替换基础饲粮中的正常玉米并在此基础上加或不加葡配甘露聚糖(EGM)霉菌毒素吸附剂霉可吸TM对断奶仔猪生产性能、养分利用率的影响。结果表明:饲喂被镰刀菌毒素污染的饲粮降低了仔猪的生产性能,随霉变玉米替代比例增加,采食量和日增重降低程度增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);显著或极显著降低仔猪饲粮中有机物质、蛋白质、钙、磷的表观消化率(P<0.05或P<0.01)和蛋白质生物学价值(P<0.05),25%污染玉米饲粮对钙的表观消化率无影响(P>0.05);在被镰刀菌毒素污染饲粮中添加0.2%EGM吸附剂可使上述不良效应得到改善,尤以在25%污染玉米饲粮中添加0.2%EGM吸附剂可获得显著的保护效应。     

Effects of Different Dietary Cotton by-products Levels on Production Performance,Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Biochemical Indexes of Sheep

The study was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary cotton by-products levels on production performance,nutrient digestibility and blood biochemical indexes of sheep.30 healthy sheep were chosen and randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 sheep per group. The feed of each group was that 50% formula concentrate feed was mixed with 50% wheat straw (control group),25% wheat straw and 25% cotton stalk (group Ⅰ),50% cotton stalk (group Ⅱ),45% cotton stalk and 5% cotton seed (group Ⅲ),and 40% cotton stalk and 10% cotton seed(group Ⅳ), respectively. The experiment lasted for 60 d. The result showed that:① The total weight gain and ADG of sheep showed a decreased with the increase of cotton stalk added proportion in the diets, and the total weight gain and ADG of group Ⅱ were significantly lower than group Ⅲ (P<0.05).② The concentration of NH₃-N was increased or decreased at different levels after adding different proportions of cotton by-products,and the TVFA and propionic acid concentration were not significantly affected (P>0.05).③ There was no significant difference of intake nitrogen, fecal nutrogen and uninary nitrogen among groups (P>0.05),but apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF showed a downward trend with the increase of cotton by-products added proportion in the diets,which were extremely significantly lower than control group (P<0.01).④ There were no significant differences among groups of the blood white cell count,red cell count,hemoglobin concentration,total protein,albumin,globulin,serum iron,sodium,chlorine and potassium content (P>0.05),but serum magnesium was significantly increased with increases of gossypol content in the diets (P<0.05). In conclusion,when the cotton by-products addition level in diets reaches 50% caused the free gossypol concentration in the feed more than 300 mg/kg, it would has certain negative effects on the production performance and health of sheep,and the cotton stalks add ratio in the diet should be controlled in the range of lower than 25%.     

不同配比粗饲料对海南黑山羊生长、养分消化及血液生化指标的影响

为了提高海南黑山羊的生长性能，本试验以不同比例柱花草和王草青贮饲料混合饲喂海南黑山羊，以筛选两种粗饲料的最适搭配比例。选用16只日龄、体重相近的海南黑山羊，随机分成4组，分别为对照组（CK组，粗饲料为王草）和3个试验组（S-KS2、S-KS3、S-KS4组，柱花草和王草青贮饲料分别以20∶80、30∶70、40∶60的干物质比例组合），饲喂60 d后测定山羊生长性能、血清总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、球蛋白（GLB）水平；谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）活性；尿素氮（BUN）、甘油三酯（TG）、葡萄糖（GLU）、总胆固醇（TC）含量及养分表观消化率。结果表明：S-KS2组平均日增重（ADG）和血液尿素氮含量显著低于S-KS3组（P<0.05），料重比（F/G）显著高于S-KS3组（P<0.05），但都与CK组差异不显著（P>0.05）；S-KS3组山羊平均日增重、平均日采食量（ADFI）显著高于CK组（P<0.05）；S-KS4组血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量显著高于CK组（P<0.05），但中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）表观消化率显著低于S-KS2组和S-KS3组（P<0.05）。以上结果说明，在本试验条件下，柱花草和王草青贮饲料以一定比例混合饲喂并未对山羊造成不良影响，且在比例为30∶70时山羊的平均日增重和平均日采食量均得到提高，所以推荐柱花草和王草青贮饲料以30∶70的比例混合饲喂海南黑山羊。     

Effect of Protein Hydrolysate on Growth Performance,Blood Biochemical Indexes and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility in Growing-finishing Pigs

This experiment was aimed to study the effects of protein hydrolysate on growth performance,blood biochemical indexes and nutrient apparent digestibility in growing-finishing pigs,and determine the optimum dosage of additions.300 Doroc pig×Landrace pig×Yorkshire pig crossbreeding commercial pigs were chosen and divided into five groups with four repeats per groups and 15 pigs per repeat.The pigs in group Ⅰ (control group) were fed with basal diet,others in groups Ⅱ to Ⅴ were fed basal diet with 1%,2%,3% and 4% T30 small peptide,respectively.The test lasted for 30 d. The results showed that:①The average daily gain (ADG) of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than groups Ⅰ and Ⅴ (P<0.05), the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than group Ⅱ, and had no significant difference with other groups (P>0.05). ②The total protein and globulin levels of group Ⅴ were the highest that significantly higher than group Ⅱ (P<0.05),and had no significant difference with other groups (P>0.05).The urea nitrogen of group Ⅱ was significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05).③The dry matter and crude protein apparent digestibility of group Ⅴ were the highest,and the Ca and P apparent digestibility were declined in T30 supplement groups. In conclusion,the optimum adding amount of protein hydrolysate of growing pig was 1.796%.It could improve the growth performance,decrease F/G,and increase the levels of total protein and globulin.     

饲粮不同比例青贮玉米对仔鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同比例全株青贮玉米对仔鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响,为全株青贮玉米在肉鹅养殖上的应用提供依据。试验选取健康、平均体重为982～985 g的28日龄三花鹅280只,随机分为4组,每组7个重复,每个重复10只仔鹅。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加8%、16%、24%全株青贮玉米的试验饲粮,试验期为42 d。记录28、42、56、70日龄时鹅的体重（BW）和耗料量,计算平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）及料重比（F/G）; 70日龄时,每个重复选择2只接近平均体重的仔鹅屠宰,测定屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标。结果表明：与对照组相比,在28～42日龄时,16%试验组的仔鹅ADG和ADFI显著升高（P<0.05）;在42～56日龄时,8%试验组的仔鹅ADFI显著升高（P<0.05）;在56～70日龄时,试验组的仔鹅ADG、ADFI和F/G均无显著差异（P>0.05）;28～70日龄的ADG和添加水平呈二次曲线关系（P<0.05）,达最高ADG水平的添加量为9.01%。与对照组相比,70日龄时,24%试验组的仔鹅体重显著降低（P<0.05）;各试验组的全净膛率和屠宰率显著降低（P<0.05）;屠宰率和添加水平呈二次曲线关系（P<0.05）,达最低屠宰率的添加水平为14.93%;各试验组仔鹅的肉品质无显著差异（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,8%试验组的仔鹅的血清甘油三酯含量显著降低（P<0.05）。综上所述,在本试验条件下,适量添加全株青贮玉米可提高仔鹅的生长性能,降低血清中的甘油三酯含量,对肉品质无显著影响,对屠宰性能有一定的负面影响,根据饲粮中添加全株青贮玉米的水平对ADG的最高限量和对屠宰性能的最低限量,建议在饲粮中的添加水平为9.01%～14.93%。     

Effect of Pasteurized Colostrum on Growth Performance and Development of Gastrointestinal Tract of Calves

The effects of pasteurized colostrum on growth performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract of calves were studied in this test. Twenty healthy newborn Holstein calves with similar body weight were randomly divided into two groups. The calves in control group were fed non-pasteurized colostrum while that in experimental group were fed on pasteurized colostrum. The experiment lasted for 90 days. The body weight,average body gain (ADG),average daily feed intake (ADFI),F/G and diarrhea rate were determined and at 0,30,60 and 90 days old,the body indexes were measured. The results showed that compared with control group,the ADFI and ADG of calves at 90 days old in experimental group were increased 1.74% and 2.33% (P> 0.05),and cannon circumference and body length were increased 2.68% and 1.41% (P> 0.05),while the diarrhea rate and F/G were decreased 0.67% and 2.40% (P> 0.05).There was no significant effect of pasteurized colostrum on the complex stomach weight,small intestine weight and small intestine length (P> 0.05). However,the ratio of complex stomach weight to body weight in control group was significantly higher than that of experimental group (P< 0.05). In conlusion,the pasteurized colostrum had a positive impact on growth performance for calves in 90 days old.