猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7广西分离株的鉴定

为了解大肠杆菌O157:H7是否在猪场存在,采集有拉稀症状猪的粪便,接种到新生霉素mEC增菌肉汤,增菌培养后转接到O157:H7显色培养基上,对可疑菌株用因子血清和PCR方法做进一步鉴定,实验结果证实得到5株大肠杆菌为O157:H7血清型。动物试验发现,5个分离菌株对小白鼠的致死率为33.3%—100%之间。调查结果证实广西猪群中存在强致病性的O157:H7血清型大肠杆菌。     

用PCR鉴定大肠杆菌O157:H7

根据大肠杆菌Ｏ１５７：Ｈ７的编码ｅａｅ蛋白的ｅａｅ Ａ基因和大肠杆菌编码Ｈ７抗原的ｆｌｉＣ基因的核苷酸序列,合成了２对窦核苷酸引物,建立了一个检测大肠杆菌Ｏ１５７：Ｈ７的ＰＣＲ方法,对１１株已知大肠杆菌Ｏ１５７：Ｈ７（ＮＭ：无运动性）株和其他不同属的４２株已知肠道致病菌的检测结果表明,该方法只从大肠杆菌Ｏ１５７：Ｈ７（ＮＭ）株的ＤＮＡ中产生预期的扩增产物,而从其他菌株的ＤＮＡ中未扩增出任何ＤＮＡ不     

致病性大肠杆菌O157：H7研究概述

概述了致病性大肠杆菌Ｏ１５７：Ｈ７的生物学特性、流行病学、诊断、治疗和预防等,并加以分析。揭示了大肠杆菌Ｏ１５７：Ｈ７感染对人类的危害,以及加强对该病进行研究和防治的重要性。     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7研究进展

本文综述了近年来肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7的病原学、流行病学、临床诊断及预防控制等方面的研究进展。表明牛是该菌的主要贮存宿主,主要通过食源性途径传播,以患者出现出血性结肠炎、阑尾炎、食管狭窄和结肠穿孔等严重胃肠道并发症为基本特征。目前对该菌的自然携带宿主及其引起的感染尚缺乏有效的治疗手段,因此对该菌的防控就显得尤为重要。     

畜禽产品中肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7的检测

为了解大肠杆菌O157:H7在畜禽产品中的带菌情况,采集2个屠宰场、福州市部分超市及农贸市场上的畜禽产品(猪肉、禽肉、蛋、内脏)631份.采集的样品经改良EC新生霉素增菌肉汤增菌后,增菌液用快速检测试纸条和酶联免疫反应测试盒进行检测;菌液涂抹于山梨醇麦康凯琼脂平板和大肠杆菌O157显色培养基平板,选取可疑菌落用乳胶凝集试剂盒进行检测,结果均未检出大肠杆菌O157:H7.     

大肠杆菌O157:H7实时定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank公布的大肠杆菌O157:H7的Flic(H7)基因序列进行同源性比较分析,选择保守序列设计一对特异性扩增引物,通过优化反应条件,建立一个用于大肠杆菌O157:H7快速定量检测的实时定量PCR方法.该方法的最低检测极限是103CFU/mL,敏感性比常规PCR提高10倍.方法重复性好、特异性强,重复性检测的变异系数均小于2%;只能检测大肠杆菌O157:H7,对非大肠杆菌O157:H7血清型细菌、猪链球菌2型、副猪嗜血杆菌无反应.利用此方法对模拟样本进行定量检测,其结果与平板细菌计数基本一致,表明此方法可作为大肠杆菌O157:H7快速诊断和疫情监测的一种快速、准确、简便的检测工具.     

猪源大肠杆菌O157∶H7耐药表型和消毒剂抗性调查

为了调查广西猪源大肠杆菌O157∶H7分离株的耐药表型和消毒剂抗性情况,本研究测定5株猪源大肠杆菌O157∶H7广西分离株的药物敏感性和消毒剂抗性,并应用PCR对5株细菌的耐氨基糖苷类抗生素基因:氨基糖苷磷酸转移酶基因aph(3)-Iia、乙酰转移酶基因aadA和aadB进行扩增。27种抗菌药物的敏感结果表明,5株菌株只对氟苯尼考、头孢曲松、头孢西丁和头孢噻肟敏感;对罗红霉素、多黏菌素B、利福平、林可霉素、阿莫西林、氨苄西林和头孢噻吩的耐药率为100%;对壮观霉素、链霉素、头孢拉定等药物的耐药率在20%~60%之间。在5株大肠杆菌O157∶H7广西分离株中,分别有1株、1株和3株菌株对23种、11种和9种抗菌药产生耐药性。PCR结果证实,5株细菌携带有耐氨基糖苷类抗生素基因,耐药基因的存在与其耐药表型有一定的相关性。消毒剂抗性结果显示,5株细菌对聚维酮碘溶液、新洁尔灭消毒液、稀戊二醛溶液、双季铵盐—碘消毒液、复方过氧乙酸具有抗性,只对二氯异氰尿酸钠粉敏感。研究结果对预防和控制广西大肠杆菌O157∶H7提供了数据。     

牛源大肠杆菌O157：H7的分离及毒力基因鉴定

从2个牛场采集新鲜粪便,增菌后,免疫磁珠富集,涂布筛选性培养基,挑取可疑菌落用rfbE/fliC二重PCR和血清学方法鉴定。设计毒力基因stx1、stx2、eae、hlyA和tccp相应引物,针对O157：H7对分离株进行PCR鉴定。口服攻毒链霉素处理的BALB/c小鼠明确分离株致病性。结果显示,成功分离到7株出血性大肠杆菌O157：H7,并且有1株迟缓性发酵山梨醇麦康凯培养基。毒力基因检测显示,其中6株毒力因子表型为stx1-stx2＋eae＋hlyA＋tccp＋,另有1株表现型为stx1＋stx2＋eae＋hlyA＋tccp＋,各分离株tccp基因均为阳性,但携带的重复片段数量有差异。所采集样品中肠出血性大肠杆菌O157：H7的检出率高达12%。1×1010 CFU同剂量口服接种经PBS洗涤的5株O157：H7分离株全菌,小鼠存活率有差异分别为40%,50%,60%,20%,50%,各分离株在小鼠体内排菌时间也有差异分别为攻毒后7,9,13,13,15d。     

国内外致泻大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7的检测标准比较及建议

致泻大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7（STEC O157:H7）是大肠埃希氏菌中致病性最严重的一种食源性致病菌,主要存在于牛肉、牛奶、水果及其制品中,对身体健康造成很大危害,甚至引发死亡。食品中STEC O157:H7检测尤为重要。本文对国内外STEC O157:H7的检测标准进行比较,提出我国标准在样品前处理、快速筛选方法的应用等方面需要加强,以便为该菌快速准确检测提供帮助,实现与国际标准化体系建设接轨,满足实验室检测需要。     

牛源大肠杆菌O157:H7的分离鉴定

为调查新疆部分地区E.coli O157：H7的感染情况和菌株致病性,从新疆阿克苏、伊犁、塔城3个地区的牛场采集新鲜粪样564份,对E.coli O157：H7进行分离与鉴定。利用E.coli营养肉汤（EC肉汤）对样品进行增菌后,用山梨醇麦康凯培养基（SMAC）平板选择性培养,再经过4-甲基伞形酮-β-D葡萄糖醛酸苷培养基（MUG）的筛选,对疑似菌株进行生化和PCR鉴定,并将分离鉴定到的菌株进行小鼠攻毒试验。结果显示,从伊犁地区采集的样品中共分离出2株E.coli O157：H7（Y166和Y226）,其检出率为0.88%;小鼠攻毒试验中,Y166和Y226试验组小鼠在48 h内全部死亡,具有一定致病性;从阿克苏、塔城所采样品中未分离到E.coli O157：H7。     

Antigen Epitope Peptides and Immunogenicity Analysis of E. coli O157: H7 Ivy Protein

To evaluate the feasibility of synthetic polypeptides O157:H7 Ivy146-157 as a vaccine antigen, a bioinformatics method was employed to analyze the secondary structures, hydrophilicity plot, flexibility plot, surface probability plot and antigenic index of the Ivy. A B-cell epitope peptide sequence was identified and synthesized. BALB/c mice were immunized with Ivy146-157, antibody titers and splenic lymphocytes proliferations in mice were tested. The results showed that the antibody titers were 1:6 400 after immunized mice three times. And the native Ivy protein of O157:H7 R14 strain was identified by polyclone antibody Ivy146-157. The MTT assay results indicated the splenic lyphocytes were increased after immunized polypeptides Ivy146-157, and had significant difference with the control group (P<0.05). These results indicated that polypeptides Ivy146-157 could induce a strong humoral and celluar immune respond, and it would provide a theory as a vaccine antigen for further researches.     

应用测试片快速检测食品中的大肠杆菌O157：H7

目的应用大肠杆菌O157:H7测试片快速检测食品中的大肠杆菌O157:H7。方法对大肠杆菌O157:H7测试片的各项指标及影响因素进行测试,并将其应用于食品检测。结果大肠杆菌O157:H7测试片的检测灵敏度高,其对纯菌的检测低限可达3cfu/mL;特异性较强,与鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌等21种非目的菌无交叉反应;快速,24h内可报告阴性检测结果。应用该测试片检测各种食品206份,检测结果与SN标准的符合率达到98.5%。结论应用测试片检测食品中的大肠杆菌O157:H7具有快速、方便、经济、无需昂贵设备等优点。该测试片可适应于食品中大肠杆菌O157:H7的快速初筛。     

用PCR鉴定大肠杆菌O157∶H7

根据大肠杆菌Ｏ１５７∶Ｈ７的编码ｅａｅ蛋白的ｅａｅＡ基因和大肠杆菌编码Ｈ７抗原的ｆｌｉＣ基因的核甘酸序列,合成了２对寡核苷酸引物,建立了一个检测大肠杆菌Ｏ１５７∶Ｈ７的ＰＣＲ方法。对１１株已知大肠杆菌Ｏ１５７∶Ｈ７（ＮＭ;无运动性）株和其他不同属的４２株已知肠道致病菌的检测结果表明,该方法只从大肠杆菌Ｏ１５７∶Ｈ７（ＮＭ）株的ＤＮＡ中产生预期的扩增产物,而从其他菌株的ＤＮＡ中未扩增出任何ＤＮＡ产物。该方法从基因水平直接确定大肠杆菌的血清型,特异性强,克服了以往血清学方法有非特异性反应的缺陷,为检测和鉴定大肠杆菌Ｏ１５７∶Ｈ７（ＮＭ）提供了一个新方法。     

All blood, No stool: enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 is a pathotype of diarrheagenic E. coli that produces one or more Shiga toxins, forms a characteristic histopathology described as attaching and effacing lesions, and possesses the large virulence plasmid pO157. The bacterium is recognized worldwide, especially in developed countries, as an emerging food-borne bacterial pathogen, which causes disease in humans and in some animals. Healthy cattle are the principal and natural reservoir of E. coli O157:H7, and most disease outbreaks are, therefore, due to consumption of fecally contaminated bovine foods or dairy products. In this review, we provide a general overview of E. coli O157:H7 infection, especially focusing on the bacterial characteristics rather than on the host responses during infection.     

Assessing the Existing Information on the Efficacy of Bovine Vaccination against Escherichia coli O157:H7 – A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the existing information on the efficacy of commercial vaccination to reduce the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in weaned cattle in beef feedlot finishing systems under commercial conditions. Currently, only two commercial vaccines exist, and thus, only publications reporting the use of vaccines targeting type III secreted proteins and/or siderophore receptor and porin proteins (SRP) were considered relevant. A total of 18 studies reporting 45 comparisons were included in this review. Meta‐analyses were conducted variously on (i) pre‐harvest outcomes, (ii) at‐harvest outcomes and (iii) both pre‐harvest and at‐harvest outcomes combined. Overall, efficacy of vaccination was consistently observed. Efficacy and homogeneity of the results was demonstrated for the two‐dose regimen, allowing us to conclude with confidence that the two‐dose approach is efficacious. For pre‐harvest outcomes and two‐dose regimens, the odds ratios (OR) were 0.53 (95% CI = 0.45–0.62) for the two vaccines combined and 0.49 (95% CI = 0.40–0.60) for vaccine targeting type III secreted proteins. The test for heterogeneity among studies yielded a Q test P = 0.354 for the two vaccines combined and Q test P = 0.269 for the vaccine targeting type III secreted proteins, indicating homogeneity in both cases. For pre‐ and at‐harvest outcomes combined and two‐dose regimens, the odds ratios (OR) were 0.52 (95% CI = 0.44–0.61) for the two vaccines combined and 0.45 (95% CI = 0.34–0.60) for vaccine targeting type III secreted proteins. The test for heterogeneity among studies yielded a Q test P = 0.134 for the two vaccines combined indicating homogeneity and Q test P = 0.089 for the vaccine targeting type III secreted proteins indicating heterogeneity. Based on this meta‐analysis, bovine vaccination appears to be an effective approach to the pre‐harvest control of E. coli O157:H7.     

Genetic Variations in Shiga Toxin‐Producing Abilities of Bovine and Human Escherichia coli O157:H7

Cattle are a primary reservoir of Escherichia coli O157:H7, a major foodborne pathogen. The organism causes haemorrhagic colitis which can lead to serious complications, including haemolytic–uraemic syndrome. Although E. coli O157:H7 is widely prevalent in cattle and cattle environments, the number of human cases remain relatively low, suggesting possible strain diversity and differences in virulence between human and bovine strains. Shiga toxins, Stx1 and Stx2, are the major virulence factors. Differences in Stx2 production between human and bovine strains have been demonstrated previously, and isolates possessing the stx₂ gene, but not producing Stx2 [toxin non‐producing (TNP) strains] have been identified. In this study, 150 isolates (56 human, 94 bovine) were tested by PCR for stx2 upstream regions associated with TNP and the Q933 gene, which has been previously associated with toxin production. A reverse passive latex agglutination test was used to evaluate 107 isolates (50 human, 57 bovine) for Stx1 and Stx2 production. The percentages of human and bovine isolates positive for presence of the TNP regions were similar (57.1% and 53.1% respectively), while a higher percentage of human isolates was positive for Q933 gene (89.3% versus 54.3%). Stx2 production of ≥1 : 8 was found in 86.0% of human isolates compared with 26.3% of bovine isolates. Bovine isolates with the presence of the TNP regions were associated with significantly lower Stx2 production (P < 0.05), while the Q933 gene was associated with higher Stx2 production (P < 0.05). However, the presence of the TNP region was not associated (P > 0.05) with low Stx2 production in human isolates. Therefore, Q933 was a better indicator of high Stx2 production by human and bovine isolates and may be a useful screening method to assess their potential to cause human disease.     

沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7双重荧光PCR检测方法的研究

目的建立一种能同时检测沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7的双重荧光PCR方法,应用于动物源性食品的快速检验。方法根据沙门氏菌invA基因和大肠杆菌O157:H7 RFBE基因的保守序列,设计引物和探针,通过优化反应条件,建立可同时检测沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7的双重荧光PCR方法,应用于动物源性食品的检验,并与miniVIDAS快速初筛方法和SN标准方法进行比较。结果本研究建立的双重荧光PCR方法可同时快速检测沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7,对纯菌的检测灵敏度均低于10CFU/双重荧光PCR反应体系。应用本方法检测36株标准/参考菌株,结果只有9株目的菌标准/参考菌株出现特异性扩增,其余27株非目的菌均呈阴性反应。定量检测重复性试验结果,批内和批间的变异系数均小于2%。应用本方法检测人工染菌样品,结果与miniVIDAS和SN方法检测结果一致,但检测时间比miniVIDAS快了3倍,比SN标准快了10多倍。结论本研究建立的双重荧光PCR方法具有快速、灵敏、特异、重复性好的优点,可在8小时内完成样品沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7的检验。