灌服番茄红素对SD大鼠运动后血浆氧化应激的影响

试验旨在研究灌服番茄红素对SD大鼠运动后血液抗氧化性能的影响。选取体重为(233.40±6.21) g的健康雄性清洁级SD大鼠32只,随机分为4组,每组8只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,灌胃食用油,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在饲喂基础日粮的基础上灌服10、20、40 mg/kg体重番茄红素,预试期10 d,正试期42 d;每周游泳训练6 d,训练6周,游泳11 h后采集血液测定氧化应激指标。结果表明,灌服番茄红素后SD大鼠血浆中番茄红素的浓度呈先升高后降低的趋势,在灌服番茄红素后4 h时SD大鼠血浆中番茄红素浓度达到峰值;随着灌服番茄红素剂量的增加,SD大鼠运动后血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力、总抗氧化酶活力、总抗氧化能力呈升高的趋势;血浆丙二醛的含量随灌服剂量的增加呈降低的趋势。因此,运动后SD大鼠机体抗氧化能力与灌服番茄红素的剂量存在剂量依赖性,随着番茄红素剂量的增加机体抗氧化能力呈升高趋势。     

Effects of lycopene supplementation in both maternal and offspring diets on growth performance,antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters in chicks

This study investigated the effects of different supplementation ways of lycopene during pre‐hatch (from the diet of hens) and post‐hatch (from the diet of progeny) on production performance, antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters in chicks. In total, 360 hens were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control group) or 40 mg lycopene/kg diet. From 28 to 34 days after the start of supplementation (30 weeks old), 650 qualified eggs were collected to artificial incubation. In this trial, 2 × 2 factorial designs were used. Male chicks hatched from hens fed with 0 or 40 mg lycopene/kg diet were fed a diet containing either 0 or 40 mg lycopene/kg diet. The results showed that, relative to control, in ovo‐deposited lycopene significantly increased chick birth body weight, improved liver total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and glutathione to oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH: GSSG), and significantly declined liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increased liver lycopene content during 0–14 days after hatching. On days 14 after hatching, dietary lycopene in diet began to take over gradually. Both supplementation ways of lycopene increased immune organ index, serum high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, villus length and villus/crypt in duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Data in this study suggested lycopene supplementation could improve antioxidant capacity and immune function, and regulate lipid metabolism in chicks.     

短期灌喂民猪源贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2对SD大鼠生长、免疫及肠道菌群的影响

试验探究了短期灌喂民猪源贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2对SD大鼠生长、血液生化与免疫、肠道菌群等相关指标的影响，拟为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌在畜禽中的应用提供参考依据。选取21日龄、体重相近、SPF级健康SD雌性大鼠共24只，将其随机分成2组，每组6个重复，每个重复2只。预饲期3 d。试验期，对照组灌喂生理盐水0.2 mL/d，试验组灌喂猪源贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2菌液0.2 mL/d；每天灌喂1次，连续灌喂7 d。35和45日龄，每个重复随机选取1只大鼠处死采样。结果表明，短期灌喂贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2有增加末重和日增重、降低日采食量和料重比的趋势（P>0.05）。短期灌喂贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2显著降低了35日龄大鼠血浆中甘油三酯浓度和IgA、TNF-α的水平（P<0.05），以及45日龄大鼠血浆中IL-6的浓度（P<0.05），并显著提高35日龄大鼠血浆中IgM的浓度（P<0.05）；对35日龄大鼠肠道菌群无显著影响（P>0.05），可显著降低45日龄大鼠放线菌门和变形菌门的比例（P<0.05）。综上所述，短期灌喂贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2可以调控SD大鼠的脂代谢、免疫力和肠道多种菌群的丰度。     

饲粮中添加番茄红素对绵羊生长发育、屠宰性能和血清抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加番茄红素对绵羊生长发育、屠宰性能和血清抗氧化指标的影响。选取体重为(22.0±0.5)kg的3月龄湖羊公羔30只,随机分为3组,每组10只,单栏饲养。对照组每天饲喂基础饲粮,试验组每天分别在基础饲粮中添加200和400 mg番茄红素。试验期共110 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期100 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,1)饲粮添加200和400mg/d番茄红素有提高绵羊平均日增重的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),并可显著降低料重比(P0.05);2)饲粮添加200和400 mg/d番茄红素可显著提高绵羊胸宽(P0.05),添加200 mg/d番茄红素有提高体长、体高和胸围的趋势(0.05≤P0.10);3)饲粮添加200和400 mg/d番茄红素有提高宰前活重、背肌重、肾脏重和GR值的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),添加400 mg/d番茄红素可显著提高皮重(P0.05),其他屠宰性能指标各组间无显著差异(P0.05);4)饲粮添加200和400 mg/d番茄红素有提高血清超氧化物歧化酶活性的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),添加200mg/d番茄红素可显著提高血清过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P0.05)。结果表明,饲粮添加番茄红素对绵羊生长发育、屠宰性能和血清抗氧化能力有一定的提高作用,本试验条件下以200 mg/d添加量的效果较优。     

番茄红素对秦川牛精液冷冻保存及鲜精品质影响

旨在探究番茄红素对秦川牛精液冷冻保存和新鲜精液品质的影响,为番茄红素作为新型精液稀释液添加剂和种公畜日粮添加剂提供依据。本研究采集3头年龄3~5岁健康状况良好秦川种公牛的新鲜精液混合,用0、1、2、3、4 μmol·L^-1浓度的番茄红素稀释液冷冻保存;利用计算机辅助分析仪、低渗肿胀检测法、花生凝集素荧光标记检测法、罗丹明荧光检测法等检测精子的运动性能、顶体完整率、质膜完整性、线粒体活性和抗氧化性能;在秦川种公牛日粮中添加15 mg·kg^-1 BW番茄红素,检测饲喂前后秦川种公牛的新鲜精液品质和血清抗氧化指标。结果表明,在秦川牛精液冷冻保存过程中添加番茄红素可以显著提高冷冻-解冻后精子的活力、顶体完整率、质膜完整性和线粒体活性以及抗氧化酶CAT和GSH-Px酶活性,显著降低精子中MDA含量,且番茄红素的最适添加浓度为2 μmol·L^-1(P<0.05);饲喂15 mg·kg^-1 BW番茄红素后,与饲喂之前相比,秦川种公牛的精子活力显著提高(P<0.05),精子畸形率显著降低(P<0.05),血清中抗氧化酶SOD、CAT、GSH-Px酶活性显著增加(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,一定浓度的番茄红素对精子在冷冻过程中造成的精子损伤和秦川牛机体应激造成的繁殖性能降低具有良好的保护作用,这可能与番茄红素通过抗氧化作用减少精子在冷冻-解冻过程中的氧化损伤和提高动物机体的抗氧化能力有关。     

Effects of Phytooestrogens Supplementation on Blood Biochemical Indexes and Antioxidant Capacity of Lactating Yili Mare

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of phytooestrogens supplementation on blood biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of Yili maria during lactation.A total of 24 Yili maria during lactation were divided into four groups with similar age,parity,lactation months,i.e.groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and control group.The control group and trial groups fed with the same based diet,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were supplemented with 0.7 g soybean isoflavone,0.7 g genistein,0.35 g soybean isoflavone and 0.35 g genistein respectively.The total duration of the experiment was 90 d,the first 10 d of the experiment was the preliminary period and the formal experiment lasted for 80 d.The blood samples were collected by jugular vein in the experiment of 0,20,40,60,80 days,respectively,3 500 r/min centrifuged 15 min separate plasma and -20 ℃ saved for later use.The results showed that compared with control group,total protein,albumin content and GSH-Px,SOD,CAT activity of blood in trail groups were no significant difference (P >0.05);But CAT,T-AOC activity of blood in trail groups had a upward trend.GLB,BUN content of blood in group Ⅱ were significantly higher than control group and group Ⅰ (P< 0.05);no significant difference was observed among other groups (P >0.05).Compared with control group,the MDA content of blood in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were trends to decrease,and group Ⅰ reached significant level (P< 0.05).Therefore,phytooestrogens supplementation had enhanced immune function,improved the body's antioxidant capacity of Yili maria during lactation,when supplementary feeding 0.7 g soybean isoflavone on antioxidant capacity of Yili maria during lactation was more obvious effect.     

补饲植物雌激素对泌乳期伊犁母马血液生化指标及抗氧化力的影响

试验旨在研究补饲植物雌激素对泌乳期伊犁母马血液生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响。根据年龄、胎次、泌乳月龄相近的原则选择泌乳期伊犁母马24匹,随机分为4组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别补饲0.7 g大豆异黄酮、0.7 g染料木素、0.35 g大豆异黄酮和0.35 g染料木素。预试期10 d,正试期80 d,分别于试验的第0、20、40、60、80天颈静脉采集血液样品,3 500 r/min离心15 min,分离血浆,－20 ℃保存备用。结果表明,与对照组相比,补饲植物雌激素对泌乳期伊犁母马血液中总蛋白、白蛋白含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性的影响均不显著(P >0.05);但试验组过氧化氢酶活性、总抗氧化能力均有不同程度的提高;试验Ⅱ组血液中球蛋白、尿素氮含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),其余各组间差异均不显著(P >0.05);与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血液中丙二醛含量均呈降低趋势,且试验Ⅰ组达到显著水平(P<0.05)。因此,补饲植物雌激素对泌乳期母马增强免疫机能,提高机体抗氧化能力起到了一定作用,且补饲0.7 g大豆异黄酮时对机体抗氧化能力效果较为明显。     

胍基乙酸对保育猪生长性能、抗氧化能力和糖代谢关键酶的影响

本试验旨在探讨胍基乙酸对保育猪生长性能、抗氧化能力和糖代谢关键酶的影响。选取体重为(19.03±1.30)kg的健康"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪64头,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复8头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,胍基乙酸组饲粮在基础饲粮中添加600 mg/kg胍基乙酸。预试期7 d,正试期14 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,胍基乙酸组保育猪的平均日增重显著升高(P0.05),料重比显著降低(P0.05);2组间的末重和平均日采食量无显著差异(P0.05)。2)胍基乙酸组保育猪的血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)抑制率、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P0.05),2组间的血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著差异(P0.05)。3)胍基乙酸组保育猪的血浆果糖-6-磷酸激酶(PFK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸-辅酶Q还原酶(NADHCo Q)和肌酸激酶(CK)活性均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),血浆己糖激酶(HK)活性有低于对照组的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),血浆三磷酸腺苷(ATP)合成酶(ATPase)活性有高于对照组的趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。由此可知,饲粮中添加胍基乙酸可改善保育猪的生长性能,提高其抗氧化能力,并可通过提高糖代谢关键酶(PFK、PK、IDH、MDH)及线粒体呼吸链相关酶(NADH-Co Q、ATPase)活性促进体内的分解代谢,提高机体ATP水平,进而可能促进储能组织(肌肉和脂肪)的合成。     

Effect of under‐ and overfeeding on sheep and goat milk and plasma enzymes activities related to oxidation

Twenty‐four dairy sheep and goats, respectively, were assigned each to three homogenous subgroups per animal species and fed the same diet in quantities which met 70% (underfeeding), 100% (control) and 130% (overfeeding) of their energy and crude protein requirements. The results showed that the underfed sheep in comparison with the control had significantly lower glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and total antioxidant capacity (measured with Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma [FRAP] assay) in their blood plasma. A significant increase in the glutathione transferase (GST) and GPX activities, malondialdehyde content and total antioxidant capacity (measured with 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) [ABTS] assay) in the blood plasma of underfed goats compared with controls was observed, while the opposite happened for the GR and SOD activities. The underfeeding in both animal species caused a significant increase in the protein carbonyls (PC) content of their blood plasma. The overfeeding, compared with the control, caused a significant decline in the GPX activity and total antioxidant capacity (measured with FRAP) in the blood plasma of sheep while the opposite happened for the GPX and GST activities in the case of goats. The overfed animals, of both species, compared with the respective controls, had higher PC content in their blood plasma. The feeding level had no noticeable impact on the antioxidants' enzymes activities of milk in both animal species. Moreover, the underfeeding in the blood plasma and the overfeeding in milk of both animal species resulted into a significant increase in the PC content. Finally, only in sheep milk, the underfeeding, compared with the respective control, and overfeeding reduced significantly the total antioxidant capacity (measured with ABTS). The feeding level caused oxidative stress in both organism and milk but the response was different in animal species and needs further investigation.     

微生物源性抗氧化剂对大鼠繁殖损伤的修复作用研究

本研究以脂多糖(LPS)作为自由基的诱发剂,微生物源性抗氧化剂作为自由基的清除剂,探讨自由基对大鼠繁殖性能的损伤及抗氧化剂的修复作用。将64只70日龄SD大鼠随机分成4组,每组16只,雌雄对半。对照组和损伤模型组饲喂基础日粮,抗氧化剂组和损伤修复组饲喂基础日粮并添加0.8 mL/d.只微生物源性抗氧化剂。损伤模型组和损伤修复组腹腔注射1 mg/kg LPS,对照组和抗氧化剂组注射等量的生理盐水,研究微生物源性抗氧化剂对雌鼠和雄鼠繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,注射LPS的雌鼠雌二醇浓度下降,受孕率降低,雄鼠精子数目、精子活动率和a级精子数显著降低。日粮中添加微生物源性抗氧化剂使雌鼠生育综合指数明显提高,血清中雌二醇含量升高,雄鼠精子数目增加,精子运动能力增强,断奶时仔鼠的数量和存活率提高。与损伤模型组相比,损伤修复组可一定程度提高大鼠的生育状况。结果提示,注射LPS导致大鼠产生氧化应激,对机体生殖机能造成损伤,微生物源性抗氧化剂具有提高大鼠繁殖性能并一定程度修复繁殖损伤的作用。     

蝇蛆肽对大鼠机体抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

本研究旨在探讨蝇蛆酶解肽的生物活性.选取SD大鼠96只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只大鼠.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.2%、0.5%和1.0%蝇蛆肽的试验日粮.饲养试验预试期7 d,正式试验期为21 d.结果表明:试验前各组间各种抗氧化和免疫指标没有显著差异(P>0.05),试验期间对照组各种指标始终没有较大变化,而各试验组从第7天开始血清丙二醛(MDA)含量较对照组有显著降低(P<0.05),血清过氧化氰酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和脾脏系数、胸腺系数、IgA及IgG含量、血清溶菌酶含量等免疫指标明显提高,其中试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组均达到显著水平(P<0.05).结果表明,蝇蛆肽具有较强的生物活性,蝇蛆肽的添加量以0.5%较为适宜.     

Gender Differences of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Erythrocyte Damage in Well-Trained Horses During Exercise

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of gender differences on the blood oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant defenses, and resistance of erythrocytes to hemolytic agents of trained horses before and after exercise. The study was carried out on nine mares and 14 stallions of Ukrainian Warmblood well-trained horses, involved in jumping, eventing, and dressage. Oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant defenses, and osmotic resistance of erythrocytes were assessed. Trained stallions showed a decrease in lipid peroxidation and higher glutathione reductase activity, whereas mares presented a higher superoxide dismutase activity after exercise. The resistance of erythrocytes was similar in female and male. No statistically significant differences were observed in the percentage of hemolyzed erythrocytes between after and before exercise. A correlation between the oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant defenses in the stallions after exercises were observed, which may indicate a protective response of superoxide dismutase and catalase against exercise-induced oxidative stress.     

胆酸负荷对绵羊和大鼠血浆(血清)甘胆酸浓度的影响

湖羊通过颈静脉插管灌注较高剂量的胆酸和大鼠通过尾静脉给予不同剂量的胆酸造成胆酸负荷,研究其对血浆（血清）甘胆酸（ＣＧ）浓度的影响,结果表明：湖羊血浆ＣＧ浓度在灌注胆酸后呈波动性变化,在１８ｈ和１３８ｈ显著高于灌注前。大鼠以中胆酸组血清ＣＧ变动最为显著,灌注４ｈ后开始升高,１８ｈ后达到显著水平,一直持续至１３８ｈ,并在１８,９０,１１４和１３８ｈ显著高于对照组;低胆酸组仅在灌注后１８ｈ血清ＣＧ显著高于对照组,其他时间变化不显著;而高胆酸组在灌注后４２,６６,９０和１１４ｈ显著高于灌注前,但与对照组比较差异均不显著     

Effects of ozonated autohemotherapy on the antioxidant capacity of Thoroughbred horses

The performance of horses undergoing regular intense exercise is adversely affected by oxidative stress. Thus, it is important to increase antioxidant production in horses in order to reduce oxidative stress. Ozonated autohemotherapy (OAHT) reportedly promotes antioxidant production. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of OAHT on antioxidant capacity. Ten Thoroughbred horses were used in this study. After the OAHT, we collected serum samples and measured biological antioxidant potential (BAP). We found that BAP began to increase after the OAHT and was significantly higher in the OAHT group than at 3 (P<0.01) and 7 days (P<0.05) after OAHT than in the control group at 3 and 7 days after starting collection of blood samples. Therefore, it was shown that OAHT improved the antioxidant capacity of the horses.     

Pharmacokinetics and cardio-respiratory effects of oral theophylline in exercised horses

The pharmacokinetics of theophylline at rest and the effects on cardio-respiratory and blood lactate responses to exercise were investigated after repeated oral administrations in six healthy Standardbred horses. A dose of 5 mg/kg body weight was administered every 12 h. The binding of theophylline to plasma protein was also determined. There was good agreement between predicted and observed plasma concentrations of theophylline at steady state. The mean half-life of elimination was shown to be 17.0 +/- 2.5 h, the mean half life of absorption was 1.6 +/- 1.8 h, the apparent volume of distribution was 852 +/- 99.0 ml/kg and total plasma clearance 0.61 +/- 0.08 ml/kg/min. Theophylline showed very low plasma protein binding (12%). The heart rate and blood lactate levels, during and after exercise, were significantly increased during theophylline-treatment. There was an increase of the arterial oxygen tension after exercise and the arterial carbon dioxide values before and after exercise were significantly lower than the premedication values. No severe adverse effects of the drug were noted. The recommended oral dose is therefore 5 mg/kg every 12 h but due to inter-individual variation, an adjustment of the dose may be necessary. The changes in the studied exercise parameters indicate that the performance capacity may be impaired by theophylline in the healthy horse.     

维生素A对海南和牛抗氧化指标及血液生化指标的影响

试验在海南和牛日粮中添加不同水平的维生素A,研究其对海南和牛血液生化指标和抗氧化性的影响。选体重和胎次相近的海南和牛12头,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复1头牛,对照组饲喂干稻草基础日粮,试验组在对照组日粮基础上分别添加2500、5000、7500 IU/kg维生素A,试验期为40 d。结果表明:①维生素A的添加水平对海南和牛的血清抗氧化性指标的影响差异不显著(P＞0.05),但随着日粮中维生素A添加水平的提高,海南和牛的血清抗氧化能力逐渐增强;②维生素A的添加水平可显著提高血液中葡萄糖的含量(P＜0.05),同时随着维生素A添加水平的提高还可以提高血液中一些关键酶的活性(P＞0.05)。因此,日粮中添加维生素A可以提高海南和牛血液中一些关键酶的活性和血清的抗氧化能力,并以添加7500 IU/kg组效果最好。     

大鼠模型研究乳酸菌调节血脂作用

目的:探讨乳酸菌制剂对高脂血症模型大鼠血脂水平的影响.方法:采用高脂饲料喂养SD大鼠建立预防性高脂血症模型,将实验大鼠分成正常对照组、模型对照组、6#动物双歧杆菌低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组、Qq08菌低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组.连续灌胃给药45d,观察两株乳酸菌制剂对高脂血症大鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的影响.结果:与正常对照组比较,高脂饲料连续喂养45d后,模型对照组大鼠血清TG和TC显著升高(P＜0.01);与模型对照组比较,给药45d后,1)6#动物双歧杆菌低剂量组TG和TC显著降低(P＜0.05),中高剂量组TG和TC极显著地降低(P＜0.01);2)Qq08菌低剂量组TG和TC显著降低(P＜0.05),Qq08菌中剂量组和高剂量组血清TG和TC极显著地降低(P＜0.01);3)各剂量组大鼠血清HDL-C无显著性差异.结论:两株乳酸菌制剂都具有辅助降血脂的作用.     

L-组氨酸对肉鸡生长性能、肌肉品质、血浆抗氧化能力和肌肉咪唑二肽含量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加L-组氨酸对肉鸡生长性能、肌肉品质、血浆抗氧化能力和肌肉咪唑二肽含量的影响。选取体重相近、健康的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡公雏300只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加250、500、1 000、2 000 mg/kg L-组氨酸的试验饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)L-组氨酸降低了肉鸡生长后期(22~42日龄)的料重比,250和2 000 mg/kg添加组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)L-组氨酸对肌肉全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率、滴水损失、剪切力和pH无显著影响(P0.05)。3)L-组氨酸线性提高了42日龄血浆总抗氧化能力及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、总超氧化物歧化酶的活性(P0.05)。4)L-组氨酸增加了42日龄肌肉中肌肽和鹅肌肽含量,500、1 000和2 000 mg/kg添加组肌肽含量分别较对照组升高了40.58%、42.75%、33.70%(P0.05),1 000 mg/kg添加组鹅肌肽含量较对照组增加了37.80%(P0.05);对肌肉中肌肽和鹅肌肽含量进行二次曲线方程拟合表明,L-组氨酸添加量为1 276 mg/kg时,肌肉咪唑二肽含量最高。可见,饲粮添加L-组氨酸可提高肉鸡的饲料转化率,改善血浆抗氧化能力,增加肌肉中咪唑二肽含量。本试验条件下,饲粮添加1 000~2 000 mg/kg L-组氨酸较佳。从增加肌肉咪唑二肽含量考虑,饲粮L-组氨酸适宜添加量为1 276 mg/kg     

Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity Study of Chansu Pellets

The aim of the experiment was to observe the acute toxicity and the long-term toxicity of Chansu pellets in mice, and to evaluate its safety and provide the theoretical basis for clinical use. Kunming mice were selected for acute toxicity test. The acute toxicity of Chansu pellets was determined by oral administration to mice twice. In the sub-chronic toxicity test, 120 SD rats were divided into low, middle and high dose groups and the control group (the same volume of distilled water) intragastric administration. Respectively, after 28 d of continuous administration and 2 weeks after drug withdrawal, the rats were weighed, and 20 rats (10 mice remaining after cessation of administration) in each group were sacrificed at random. The hematological and biochemical parameters were measured and the histopathological examination was performed. In the acute toxicity, time of death concentrated in 1 to 4 h. LD₅₀ was 13.21 g/kg. In the sub-chronic, after 28 d of continuous dosing, the body weights of male rats of high dose group and the control group were extremely significantly different (P <0.01). Aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase of high dose group were extremely significantly different (P <0.01) compared with control group. Kidneys coefficients of high and middle dose groups compared with control group were extremely significantly different (P <0.01). After two weeks the withdrawal recovery, biochemical indicators of high dose group's recovery was not good. Middle and low dose groups had good recovery. Pathological examination showed that high and middle dose groups' rat liver and kidney swelling congestion. High dose rat liver surface were blister-like lesions. The results showed that Chansu pellets were less acute toxicity. Long-term use of large doses could cause liver and kidney damage. Therefore, we should pay attention to dose and duration of treatment in clinical application.     

Study on Subchronic Toxicity Test of Different Polarity Section Extracts from Aster tataricus L.f.on SD rats

The aim of the experiment was to observe the liver toxicity of different polarity section extracts from Aster tataricus L.f.on SD rats.The subchronic test was performed via the daily oral administration of Aster tataricus L.f.at dose of 0.34 g/kg body weight in SD rats which were divided into six groups(control group, petroleum ether group, ethyl acetate group, N-butyl alcohol group, mother liquid group and 75% ethanol group), observing the effects on food consumption, body weight gain, viscera coefficient, urine examination, blood routine examination, serum biochemistry indices, liver antioxidant function analysis and histopathological observation.There was no significant changes of body weight gain, viscera coefficient, urine examination and liver antioxidant function among six groups(P>0.05), but WBC significantly and extremely significantly decreased in male rats of ethyl acetate group, mother liquid group and N-butyl alcohol group(P<0.05; P<0.01), and significantly and extremely significantly decreased in female rats of N-butyl alcohol group and petroleum ether group, ethyl acetate group(P<0.05; P<0.01);The LDH significantly increased in female rats of ethyl acetate group(P<0.05);Slight congestion and necrosis were showed in liver in petroleum ether group and ethyl acetate group, there was no differences observed in other groups.The extracts of Aster tataricus L.f., especially petroleum ether extract and ethyl acetate extract could cause slight liver toxicity under the dose of 0.34 g/kg body weight.