发酵花生壳对育肥猪生产性能、胴体性状、肉品质及经济效益的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵花生壳对育肥猪生产性能、胴体性状、肉品质及经济效益的影响。选用100头50 kg左右、健康的杜×长×大三元杂交育肥猪,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头猪。对照组饲喂玉米—浓缩料型基础日粮,试验1~4组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加10%发酵花生壳、20%发酵花生壳、30%发酵花生壳、15%发酵玉米秸秆的试验日粮,试验期66 d。结果表明,对照组及试验2、3组平均日采食量显著高于试验1、4组(P<0.05),对照组和试验3组平均日增重显著高于试验1、4组(P<0.05),各组间料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05),试验1、2、3、4组腹泻频率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);各组间胴体质量、屠宰率、背膘厚度、眼肌面积差异均不显著(P>0.05),试验2组瘦肉率显著低于对照组和试验1组(P<0.05);各组间大理石纹、肉色、嫩度、肌内脂肪、失水率及熟肉率差异均不显著(P>0.05),但试验1、2、3、4组失水率低于对照组,差异不显著(P>0.05);根据经济效益分析表明,在育肥猪从50~90 kg阶段,对照组每头猪平均盈利47.60元,试验1、2、3、4组每头猪平均盈利分别为56.40、60.40、78.80、58.80元,其中试验3组最优。综合上述的分析结果可知,发酵花生壳对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质无不良影响,且能有效地降低育肥猪的腹泻频率,提高猪肉的系水力,适当的添加可有效地降低饲养成本,提高经济效益。     

发酵花生秧对番鸭生产性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标及鸭粪常规成分的影响

本研究旨在探究发酵花生秧的营养价值及其对番鸭生产性能、屠宰性能、生化指标及鸭粪污染指标的影响,探讨利用发酵花生秧进行番鸭节粮养殖的可行性。选取15日龄的公番鸭360只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂90%基础日粮+10%发酵花生秧,试验Ⅱ组饲喂85%基础日粮+15%发酵花生秧,试验Ⅲ组饲喂80%基础日粮+20%发酵花生秧,预饲期7 d,正式试验期48 d,测定并计算各组番鸭的生产性能、屠宰性能及各脏器指数,同时采集各组番鸭的血清、肌肉及新鲜粪样,测定血清生化指标及鸭粪常规成分的变化情况。结果表明,①与未发酵的花生秧相比,发酵后的花生秧粗蛋白质、钙水平分别上升31.82%（P<0.01）、97.40%（P<0.01）;粗纤维、磷及水分含量分别下降2.35%（P<0.05）、20.69%（P<0.05）、53.23%（P<0.01）,营养价值得到提升。②与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组料重比分别下降6.51%（P<0.01）、6.84%（P<0.01）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的腿肌率分别上升20.50%（P<0.05）、25.55%（P<0.05）、9.27%（P>0.05）;肝脏指数分别上升9.90%（P>0.05）、12.23%（P<0.05）、3.18%（P>0.05）;肌胃指数分别上升17.70%（P<0.05）、30.82%（P<0.05）、36.66%（P<0.05）;腺胃指数分别上升1.37%（P>0.05）、32.99%（P<0.05）、36.43%（P<0.05）;③发酵花生秧可影响番鸭血清中TP、ALB、GLB、A/G、ALT、AST、AST/ALT、UREA、UA、CRE含量;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鸭粪中的总氮、磷、钾、水分含量均呈下降趋势。综上,10%、20%发酵花生秧饲料能显著提高番鸭的生产性能,明显降低增重成本,对番鸭的产肉性能无明显影响,但可能对其肝脏功能、肾脏功能、免疫功能有一定的影响。     

低蛋白日粮补充天冬氨酸对断奶至育肥阶段猪生长性能及肉品质性状的影响

旨在研究低蛋白日粮补充天冬氨酸对断奶至育肥阶段猪生长性能、血液生化指标和游离氨基酸、养分表观消化率以及肉品质性状的影响。选取20头45日龄,体重相近（（10.93±0.79） kg）的健康三元杂交（杜×长×大）断奶仔猪,随机分成两组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头猪,仔猪单栏饲养,试验期84 d。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型低蛋白基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.5%天冬氨酸的试验饲粮。结果表明：1）添加天冬氨酸可显著提高猪断奶阶段平均日增重（P<0.05）并极显著降低料重比（P<0.01）,但在育肥和生长阶段对生长性能无显著影响（P>0.05）;2）添加天冬氨酸可显著提高断奶阶段血清白蛋白水平和碱性磷酸酶活性（P<0.05）,但对生长和育肥阶段血液生化指标均无显著影响（P>0.05）;3）添加天冬氨酸可显著降低断奶阶段血清中Pro、Met、Thr、Asp、His、Tyr含量（P<0.05）和提高Lys水平（P<0.01）,生长阶段血清中Asp、Lys含量和育肥阶段Asp、Thr含量显著降低（P<0.05）,对其他氨基酸含量无显著影响（P>0.05）;4）天冬氨酸处理可使育肥猪总能、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗纤维表观消化率极显著升高（P<0.01）;5）天冬氨酸处理可有效提高熟肉率（P<0.01）和背最长肌中MyHC1的mRNA表达水平（P<0.05）。综上可知,低蛋白日粮全程添加0.5%天冬氨酸可有效提高猪断奶阶段的生长性能,有利于促进其后期肌纤维的发育和改善其肉品质性状。     

Effects of Fermented Peanut Vine on Production Performance,Slaughter Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Feces' Routine Ingredients in Muscovy Ducks

The aim of this study was to explore the nutritional value of fermented peanut vine and its effects on the production performance,slaughter performance,serum biochemical indexes and feces' routine ingredient in Muscovy ducks.The feasibility of fermented peanut vine that applied to grain-saving feeding in Muscovy ducks was also explored.Three hundred and sixty 15-day-old male Muscovy ducks were randomly divided into 4 groups,6 repetitions in each group,15 ducks each repetition.The ducks in control group were fed with basic diet,while in group Ⅰ were fed with 90% basic diet+10% fermented peanut vine,in group Ⅱ were fed with 85% basic diet+15% fermented peanut vine and in group Ⅲ were fed with 80% basic diet+20% fermented peanut vine.After 7 days pre-feeding period and 48 days feeding period,production performance,slaughter performance and organ indexes were then measured.Meanwhile,serum,muscle and fresh feces were collected for measurement of the levels of biochemical indexes and feces'routine ingredients.The results showed that:① Compared to unfermented peanut vine,CP and Ca levels of fermented peanut vine were elevated by 31.82% (P<0.01) and 97.40% (P<0.01) respectively,while CF,P and H₂O levels were decreased by 2.35% (P<0.05),20.69% (P<0.05) and 53.23% (P<0.01) respectively.Nutritional value of fermented peanut vine was clearly increased.② Compared to control group, F/G of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were decreased by 6.51% (P<0.01) and 6.84% (P<0.01) respectively.The leg muscle rate of groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were improved by 20.50% (P<0.05),25.55% (P<0.05) and 9.27% (P>0.05) respectively,and liver indexes were increased by 9.90% (P>0.05)、12.23% (P<0.05) and 3.18% (P>0.05) respectively,gizzard indexes were elevated by 17.70% (P<0.05),30.82%(P<0.05) and 36.66% (P<0.05) respectively,and glandular stomach indexes were increased by 1.37% (P>0.05),32.99% (P<0.05) and 36.43% (P<0.05) respectively.③ Fermented peanut vine could affect the levels of TP,ALB,GLB,A/G,ALT,AST,AST/ALT,UREA,UA and CRE in serum of Muscovy ducks.Compared to control group,N,P,K and H₂O levels in feces of ducks were decreased in the test groups.In conclusion,10% and 20% fermented peanut vine could markedly improve the production performance,reduce cost to gain ratio,and did not affect meat performance.But fermented peanut vine might affect the function of liver,kidney and immune in Muscovy ducks.     

长期添加藤茶提取物对肥育猪血清游离氨基酸、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中长期添加藤茶提取物对肥育猪血清游离氨基酸、胴体性状和肉品质的影响。选用平均初始体重为30 kg的三元杂交（杜×长×大）去势公猪90头,随机分成3个处理组,分别为对照组（CON组,饲喂基础日粮）、植物精油复合物组（A组,基础日粮中添加0.03%植物精油复合物）、藤茶提取物组（B组,基础日粮中添加0.03%藤茶提取物）,每组6个栏,每栏5头猪。试验猪体重达到130 kg左右出栏称重,每栏挑选最接近该栏平均体重的猪进行采血、屠宰,以A组为阳性对照。结果表明：①与CON组比较,B组的血清游离氨基酸中必需氨基酸赖氨酸（Lys）、蛋氨酸（Met）、异亮氨酸（Ile）等的含量显著升高（P<0.05）,组氨酸（His）的含量显著降低（P<0.05）,非必需氨基酸谷氨酸（Glu）、丙氨酸（Ala）、脯氨酸（Pro）等的含量显著降低（P<0.05）;与A组比较,B组的血清游离氨基酸中必需氨基酸Met、苏氨酸（Thr）含量显著升高（P<0.05）,His含量显著降低（P<0.05）,非必需氨基酸均不存在显著差异（P>0.05）。②与CON组比较,A、B组猪的腹脂重均显著提高（P<0.05）,但A、B组之间腹脂重不存在显著差异（P>0.05）;宰前重、胴体重、屠宰率、背膘厚、眼肌面积等3组间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。③宰后背最长肌肉色、pH、滴水损失、大理石评分、肌内脂肪和剪切力3组间均无显著差异（P>0.05）;与CON组比较,B组肌肉嫩度评分显著提高（P<0.05）,A、B组的肉汤清浊度评分均显著降低（P<0.05）,而肌肉外形、气味、异味、多汁性、肉汤鲜度评分在3组间无显著差异（P>0.05）;3组的肌纤维直径和密度均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上,日粮中长期添加0.03%藤茶提取物可以显著改变肥育猪血清游离氨基酸组成,并一定程度改善猪肉嫩度;长期添加藤茶提取物或植物精油复合物对肥育猪胴体和肌肉性状均无显著改善效果,且均易造成腹部脂肪沉积。     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Fermented Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soybean meal replacement by fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of broilers.A total 400 23-day-old Yellow-feathered male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 25 broilers per replicate.The broilers in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others were fed the basal diets with the 3% (group Ⅰ),6% (group Ⅱ) and 9% (group Ⅲ) fermented rapeseed meal equal-nutritionally replacing the soybean meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 43 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the ADG,ADFI and F/G of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ showed no significant differences (P>0.05);The ADG of group Ⅲ were 16.47% (P<0.05),15.03% (P<0.05) higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the F/G of group Ⅲ were 7.71% (P<0.05),4.27% (P>0.05) lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.② There were no significant differences in the pH₁,pH₂₄,meat color (L^*,a^*,b^*),cooking loss and tenderness of chest muscle among all groups(P>0.05);Compared with control group,the water loss rate of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the serum GLU content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 13.06%(P<0.05),8.12%(P>0.05) and 9.57%(P>0.05);The serum TP content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased by 2.50%(P>0.05),20.86%(P<0.05) and 33.92%(P<0.05);The serum GPT content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 7.99%(P>0.05),18.85%(P>0.05) and 26.98%(P<0.05).It was concluded that it would be feasible to replace the soybean meal with 3% to 9% fermented rapeseed meal in broiler feeding,and the optimum supplemental level of fermented rapeseed meal was 9%.     

发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响。选用23日龄黄羽肉公鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加3%、6%和9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕。试验期43 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05);与试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重分别提高16.47%(P<0.05)、15.03%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低7.71%(P<0.05)和4.27%(P>0.05)。②各组肉鸡胸肌的pH₁、pH₂₄、肉色(L^*、a^*、b^*)、蒸煮损失和嫩度差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡胸肌的失水率与对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡血清中葡萄糖含量分别降低13.06%(P<0.05)、8.12%(P>0.05)和9.57%(P>0.05);总蛋白含量分别提高2.50%(P>0.05)、20.86%(P<0.05)和33.92%(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶含量分别降低7.99%(P>0.05)、18.85%(P>0.05)和26.98%(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉鸡日粮中添加3%~9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕是可行的,其中添加9%发酵菜籽粕效果最好。     

复合植物提取物对育肥期苏姜猪胴体性状、肌肉品质及血清指标的影响

【目的】试验旨在探讨复合植物提取物对育肥期苏姜猪胴体性状、肌肉品质及血清指标的影响。【方法】将200头120日龄、体重55 kg的健康苏姜猪阉公猪随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验A、B、C、D组分别在基础饲粮中添加100、200、300、400 mg/kg植物提取物(由杜仲、女贞子、五味子按4∶3∶1混合提取,提取物的主要活性成分为绿原酸、齐墩果酸和木脂素等)。试验预试期7 d,正试期45 d。试验结束后采血并屠宰,测定胴体性状、肌肉成分、肉品质、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标及免疫指标。【结果】B和C组平均背膘厚显著低于对照组(P<0.05),B组眼肌面积显著高于对照组和A组(P<0.05)。各组间粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分等常规肌肉成分均无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验B组大理石纹评分显著高于对照组、A和C组(P<0.05)。B和D组肉色评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。B组肌肉红度显著高于对照组和A组(P<0.05)。B组血清总蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。D组血清白蛋白含量显著高于对照...     

苜蓿草粉对育肥猪生长性能、血清抗氧化及免疫性能相关指标的影响

【目的】该试验通过研究添加不同比例苜蓿草粉对育肥猪生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化性能以及免疫指标的影响,以探明育肥猪饲粮中苜蓿草粉的较优添加比例。【方法】选取健康、平均体重(75.5±1.03)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪120头,随机均分为4组,每组6个重复,1个重复1栏。分别在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、5%、10%、15%的苜蓿草粉进行饲喂试验,预试期7 d,正式期45 d。测定每头猪初始体重、终末体重及每栏日采食量;试验结束后,每栏随机抽取1头猪,通过前腔静脉采血10 mL,测定血清生化指标、抗氧化指标及免疫球蛋白含量。【结果】与对照组相比,各试验组平均日增重均显著降低(P<0.05),5%和10%苜蓿组料重比(F/G)无显著差异(P>0.05),而15%苜蓿组料重比显著提高(P<0.05);各试验组抗氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著提高(P<0.05);5%苜蓿组甘油三酯(TG)含量显著提高(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);10%苜蓿组总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著提高(P<0....     

饲粮可代谢生脂物质对生长猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响

本试验旨在探究可代谢生脂物质（MLS）对生长猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质性状的影响。挑选体型相似、体重为28.15 kg±4.51 kg的18头健康杜×长×大三元杂交猪,随机分为3组,分别饲喂营养水平相同但MLS水平不同的饲粮,MLS水平分别为70.51（Ⅰ组）、68.09（Ⅱ组）和40.58 g/d（Ⅲ组）,试验期28 d,测定生长猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉品质相关指标。结果表明：不同MLS水平对猪平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比影响均不显著（P>0.05）;3组中Ⅱ组的料重比最低。3组间生长猪屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积等胴体指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）。3组中,Ⅲ组的熟肉率显著低于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组（P<0.05）,而其他肉品质指标如亮度值、大理石评分、滴水损失等均无显著差异（P>0.05）;屠宰后45 min及24 h肌肉pH变化差异很小（P>0.05）。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲喂3种不同MLS水平饲粮,生长猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质性状大部分指标差异均不显著,但对于优化配方以及今后的生产具有指导意义。     

野乔菜替代部分基础日粮对从江香猪肌肉脂肪酸及氨基酸的影响

试验旨在探究野乔菜替代部分基础日粮对从江香猪肌肉脂肪酸和氨基酸的影响。选取体重约20 kg的从江香猪40头,随机分为4个组,每组10头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验前期试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别以野乔菜替代10%、20%和30%的基础日粮,试验后期分别用野乔菜替代20%、30%和40%的基础日粮。育肥期结束后,每组随机抽取3头屠宰,取背最长肌用于脂肪酸和氨基酸测定。结果显示:①野乔菜替代不同比例基础日粮对从江香猪肌肉脂肪酸含量有一定影响。与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组亚油酸、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组亚麻酸、试验Ⅱ组花生二烯酸和试验Ⅰ组花生四烯酸分别提高了54.69%、43.57%、62.50%、25.00%和127.10%;各试验组中,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)及必需脂肪酸(EFA)总含量均高于对照组(P>0.05)。②野乔菜替代部分基础日粮对氨基酸含量有一定影响。对照组天门冬氨酸显著低于试验Ⅰ(P<0.05)、极显著低于Ⅲ组(P<0.01);试验Ⅲ组甘氨酸显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05),且高于对照组(P>0.05),甲硫氨酸、赖氨酸含量分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05)和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组EAA/TAA显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。综上所述,野乔菜替代部分基础日粮能在一定程度上提高从江香猪肌肉PUFA和EFA含量,显著提高了部分氨基酸含量。     

Effects of Partial Substitution of Basal Diet with Wild Buckwheat on Fatty Acids and Amino Acids in Congjiang Xiang Pigs

This study investigated the effects of replacing partial basal diet with wild buckwheat on fatty acids and amino acids in longissimus dorsi muscles of Congjiang Xiang pigs.Forty Congjiang Xiang pigs with 20 kg initial body weight,were randomly assigned to 4 groups,10 heads per group.The pigs in control group were fed the basal diet.In the other groups (groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ),diets were substituted with fresh wild buckwheat at 10%,20% and 30% on the early fattening stage and 20%,30% and 40% on the late fattening stage,respectively.After feeding trial,three pigs from each dietary treatment were slaughtered to determine the fatty acids and amino acids in longissimus dorsi muscle.The results showed that:①The partial substitution of basal diet with wild buckwheat had some effects on fatty acids in porcine muscle.Compared with the control group,the content of linoleic acid in the group Ⅰ,the content of linolenic acid in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the content of peanut diene acid of group Ⅱ and arachidonic acid of group Ⅲ were increased by 54.69%,43.57%,62.50%,25.00% and 127.10%,respectively.The saturated fatty acid (SFA),polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)and essential fatty acid (EFA)of all testing groups were higher than that of control group (P>0.05).②The amino acids were affected in some degree by the substitution rate of wild buckwheat.The content of asparaginic acid in control group was significant lower than that in group Ⅰ(P<0.05) and extremely significant lower than that of group Ⅲ (P<0.01).The content of glycine in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of groupⅠ and Ⅱ (P<0.05),higher than that of control group (P>0.05).The content of methionine and lysine in group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that in control group and group Ⅰ (P<0.05),respectively.The EAA/TAA in group Ⅰ was significantly lower than the other groups(P<0.05).In conclusion,partial substitution of basal diet with wild buckwheat could increase the contents of PUFA and EFA,and improve the amino acid profile of Congjiang Xiang pigs.     

益生菌、低聚壳聚糖、酸化剂及复合酶对1~66日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、胴体性能和肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究益生菌、低聚壳聚糖、酸化剂单独使用及与复合酶组合使用对1~66日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、胴体性能和肉品质的影响。选用1 440只1日龄快速型岭南黄羽肉公雏,根据体重一致原则分为8个处理组：对照组（无抗生素添加）、抗生素组（225 mg/kg金霉素+200 mg/kg恩拉霉素）、益生菌1组（500 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌+200 mg/kg乳酸杆菌+1 000 mg/kg活性酵母）、益生菌2组（200 mg/kg混合菌产品）、低聚壳聚糖组（50 mg/kg低聚壳聚糖）、酸化剂组（2 000 mg/kg苯甲酸+2 000 mg/kg柠檬酸）、无抗组合1组（50 mg/kg低聚壳聚糖+1 000 mg/kg酸化剂+500 mg/kg复合酶）、无抗组合2组（益生菌1组+无抗组合1组）,每个处理6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。试验分3个阶段,试验期66 d。结果显示,1~21日龄,与对照组相比,低聚壳聚糖组和无抗组合1组料重比显著降低（P<0.05）;与抗生素组相比,益生菌1、2组体重和平均日增重显著降低,无抗组合2组平均日增重显著降低,益生菌1组和无抗组合2组料重比显著升高（P<0.05）;低聚壳聚糖组和无抗组合1组胸腺指数均高于对照组和抗生素组（P>0.05）;无抗组合1组血浆IgG含量高于抗生素组（P>0.05）,显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;除酸化剂组外,其他各组血浆IgM含量均显著高于对照组和抗生素组（P<0.05）。22~42日龄,益生菌1组、低聚壳聚糖组和无抗组合1、2组体重、平均日增重均高于抗生素组,且低聚壳聚糖组平均日增重显著高于抗生素组（P<0.05）,益生菌1组、低聚壳聚糖组和无抗组合1组料重比均低于抗生素组（P>0.05）;不同无抗组合对免疫器官指数和血浆生化指标均无显著影响（P>0.05）。43~66日龄,不同无抗组合对生长性能和免疫器官指数均无显著影响（P>0.05）;益生菌1组、低聚壳聚糖组和无抗组合1、2组血浆IgM含量均高于抗生素组（P>0.05）,显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。益生菌2组和无抗组合1、2组腹脂率均低于抗生素组（P>0.05）,酸化剂组腹脂率低于对照组（P>0.05）,显著低于抗生素组（P<0.05）;益生菌2组和无抗组合1、2组45 min肉色L^*值低于抗生素组（P>0.05）,低聚壳聚糖组45 min肉色L^*值低于对照组（P>0.05）,显著低于抗生素组（P<0.05）。综合本试验3个阶段生长性能、免疫功能、胴体性能和肉品质等结果,推荐1~66日龄快大型黄羽肉公鸡基础无抗日粮中同时添加50 mg/kg低聚壳聚糖、1 000 mg/kg酸化剂和500 mg/kg复合酶代替抗生素来提高生长性能、免疫功能、胴体性能和肉品质。     

不同屠宰体重对苏山猪屠宰性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

试验旨在探讨不同屠宰体重对苏山猪屠宰性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响,从而确定苏山猪最佳屠宰体重。选用60头30 kg左右的苏山猪,公母各半,随机分成A、B、C组,每组20头,平均体重分别达到90、100、110 kg时,每组选取3头公猪、3头母猪进行屠宰性能、胴体性状和肉品质测定。结果表明：随着苏山猪屠宰体重的增加,各组屠宰性能存在较大差异,A组瘦肉率为63.18%,显著高于B、C组（P<0.05）;C组板油重、肩部最厚处背膘厚、倒数第3~4肋骨处背膘厚显著高于A组（P<0.05）;3个处理组屠宰率、皮率、骨率以及脂肪率等指标无显著差异（P>0.05）;3个处理组背最长肌水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪无显著差异（P>0.05）,但A组的粗灰分显著高于B、C组（P<0.05）;B组肌肉L^*值为43.50,显著高于C组（P<0.05）,C组pH_{1 h}和pH_{24 h}分别为6.40和5.83,显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）高于A、B组。随屠宰体重增长肌肉内饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸呈上升趋势,多不饱和脂肪酸呈下降趋势,其中C组饱和脂肪酸显著高于A组（P<0.05）;A组总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸均高于B、C组,但差异均未达到显著水平（P>0.05）。因此,综合考虑,苏山猪的最佳屠宰体重为90 kg左右。     

饮用磁化水对羔羊生长性能、消化代谢和屠宰性能的影响

试验旨在研究饮用磁化水对羔羊生长、消化代谢和屠宰性能的影响。选择12只20日龄、平均体重(5.57±0.36)kg的断奶小尾寒羊公羔,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组6只。在自由采食相同日粮条件下,试验组饮用磁化水,对照组饮用普通水。在95~110(试验前期)和215~230日龄(试验后期)分别进行消化代谢试验,并在240日龄进行屠宰性能测定。结果表明,在试验前期,磁化水组羔羊的干物质自由采食量,干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素、半纤维素、钙、磷的表观消化率较对照组分别提高25.5%(P>0.05)、15.2%(P>0.05)、14.4%(P<0.05)、13.5%(P<0.05)、66.3%(P<0.05)、52.3%(P>0.05)、16.4%(P<0.05)和1.3%(P>0.05);在试验后期,分别提高15.3%(P>0.05)、9.0%(P<0.05)、8.8%(P<0.05)、7.7%(P<0.05)、20.6%(P<0.05)、33.5%(P<0.05)、9.8%(P<0.05)和14.5%(P<0.05)。在20~240日龄期间,磁化水组羔羊平均日增重较对照组提高40.8%(P<0.01)。磁化水组羔羊的屠宰活体重、胴体重、胴体净肉率、胴体瘦肉重比对照组分别提高40.8%(P<0.01)、52.3%(P<0.01)、8.8%(P<0.01)和66.2%(P<0.01)。综上所述,饮用磁化水可在一定程度上提高羔羊日粮表观消化率和日增重,改善羔羊的屠宰性能。     

Effects of Drinking Magnetized Water on the Growth Performance,Digestion Metabolism and Slaughter Performance of lamb

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of magnetized water on the growth performance, digestion metabolism and slaughter performance of lamb.12 weaned male lambs with average body weight of 5.57 kg±0.36 kg were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, 6 lambs in each group.2 groups were provided with the same basal diet while lambs in experiment group were given with magnetized water (MW), and that in control group were given with normal water.The digestion metabolism experiments were carried out at 95-110 days and 215-230 days, respectively, and the slaughter performance of lamb was determined at 240 day to study the effects of drinking MW on the growth performance, digestion metabolism and slaughter performance of lamb.The results showed that in the earlier phase, comparing with control group, dry matter voluntary intake and the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, cellulose, hemi-cellulose, calcium and phosphorous of lambs in MW group at 95-110 days were increased by 25.5% (P>0.05), 15.2% (P>0.05), 14.4% (P<0.05), 13.5% (P<0.05), 66.3% (P<0.05), 52.3% (P>0.05), 16.4% (P<0.05)and 1.3% (P>0.05), respectively.In the later phase, that of MW group were increased by 15.3% (P>0.05), 9.0% (P<0.05), 8.8% (P<0.05), 7.7% (P<0.05), 20.6% (P<0.05), 33.5% (P<0.05), 9.8% (P<0.05) and 14.5% (P<0.05), respectively.During 20-220 days, the average daily body weight gain of lambs in WM group was increased by 40.8% (P<0.01)and the live body weight, carcass weight, carcass net meat percentage, carcass lean weight were increased by 40.8% (P<0.01), 52.3% (P<0.01), 8.8% (P<0.01) and 66.2% (P<0.01), respectively.In conclusion, the digestibility of nutrient and daily body weight gain of lamb could be increased and the slaughter performance of lamb be improved to a certain degree by drinking MW.     

复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响。采用单因素完全随机区组试验设计,将48只健康、体重相近(28.01±1.70)kg的7月龄放牧母羊随机分为4组,Ⅰ组不补饲;Ⅱ组补饲常规精料;Ⅲ组补饲常规精料+复合配方1 (0.30%苹果酸、0.06%半胱胺、0.08%糖萜素);Ⅳ组补饲常规精料+饲料复合配方2 (0.60%苹果酸、0.12%半胱胺、0.16%糖萜素)。其中每组3个重复,每个重复4只,进行45 d饲养试验。结果表明:①试验Ⅲ组末重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组平均日增重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05)。②试验Ⅲ组的屠宰率较Ⅱ组提高4.68% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高18.46% (P<0.05)、10.97% (P>0.05)和4.40% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉重较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高49.74% (P<0.01)、13.22% (P>0.05)和18.27% (P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05)和3.37% (P>0.05)。③在血清GLU、Ca、P、HDL、LDL、GPT、IgG含量中,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅲ组依次呈上升趋势,而其A/G、TG含量依次呈下降趋势。综上,补饲复合营养调控剂可改善冷季放牧绵羊的生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标,其中补饲复合配方1组(试验Ⅲ组)作用效果最佳。     

Effects of Complex Nutritional Regulation Additives on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Grazing Sheep in Cold Season

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of complex nutritional regulation additives on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of grazing sheep in cold season.A single factor random block design was used and 48 grazing ewes with the average weight (28.01±1.70) kg and 7 months old were randomly divided into 4 groups:Group Ⅰ without supplement;Group Ⅱ with concentrate;Group Ⅲ with concentrate+complex formulation 1 (0.30% malic acid, 0.06% cysteamine, 0.08% saccharicterpenin);Group Ⅳ with concentrate+complex formulation 2 (0.60% malic acid, 0.12% cysteamine, 0.16% saccharicterpenin)with 3 replicates per group and 4 grazing ewes per replicate.The results showed that:①The final weight of group Ⅲ was the highest and higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05), respectively.The average daily gain of group Ⅲ was highest, and higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05) respectively.②Comparing with group Ⅱ, the slaughter rate of group Ⅲ was increased by 4.68% (P>0.05).Compared with groupⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, the meat percentage of group Ⅲ was increased 18.46% (P<0.05), 10.97% (P>0.05) and 4.40% (P>0.05), while the net meat weight of carcass in group Ⅲ was increased by 49.74% (P<0.01), 13.22% (P>0.05) and 18.27% (P<0.05), respectively.Compared with groupⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, the net meat rat of carcass in group Ⅲ was increased 10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05) and 3.37% (P>0.05), respectively.③There was a rising trend as the order of groupⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ and Ⅲ in serum glucose, Ca, P, HDL, LDL, GPT and IgG, while A/G and TG showed a decreasing trend.Based on the above results, in this trial, supplementing complex nutritional regulation additives had good effects on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of grazing sheep in cold season.And supplementing complex formulation group 1 (group Ⅲ) was the best.     

不同代乳品及饲喂方式对荷斯坦奶公犊生产犊牛白肉影响的研究

为研究代乳粉(主要含乳类制品)液态饲喂和代乳料(主要含植物类饲料等)干喂对荷斯坦奶公犊生产犊牛白肉的影响,试验选用20头健康无病、体重和出生日期相近的荷斯坦奶公犊,随机分为2组,每组10头,进行了120 d的生长育肥试验。Ⅰ组饲喂市售的代乳粉(粗蛋白质22%,粗脂肪16%);Ⅱ组饲喂配制的代乳料(粗蛋白质22%,消化能16 MJ/kg)。结果表明:①Ⅱ组犊牛0~90 d平均日增重高于Ⅰ组犊牛,91~120 d平均日增重显著低于Ⅰ组犊牛(P< 0.05),但两组犊牛0~120 d平均日增重和试验末重均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。②不同代乳品及饲喂方式对奶公犊营养物质表观消化率均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。③Ⅰ组犊牛的胴体重、屠宰率和眼肌面积均显著高于Ⅱ组犊牛(P< 0.05),分别比Ⅱ组高11.88%、11.04%和8.12%,但两组间的胴体产肉率无显著差异(P> 0.05);两组犊牛背最长肌的pH、剪切力、蒸煮损失和肉色均无显著差异(P> 0.05),但Ⅰ组犊牛的失水率比Ⅱ组犊牛高20.83%(P< 0.01);Ⅰ组犊牛背最长肌中粗脂肪含量极显著高于Ⅱ组犊牛(P< 0.01),但两组犊牛背最长肌中水分、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、钙、磷和铁的含量均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。④Ⅱ组犊牛的饲养成本比Ⅰ组降低45.38%。综上所述,饲喂代乳料的犊牛可获得与饲喂代乳粉犊牛相似的生长性能和肉品质,显著降低饲养成本。     

不同脱脂米糠水平日粮对苏淮猪胴体性状及肉品质的影响

旨在研究不同脱脂米糠水平日粮对苏淮猪胴体性状及肉品质的影响。选取35头初始体重为（62.9±0.8）kg的健康纯种苏淮阉公猪,随机分为5组,每组7个重复,每个重复1头猪,使用奥斯本种猪生产性能测定系统（OTSS）饲喂。对照组（CTRL）饲喂不含脱脂米糠的基础日粮,试验Ⅰ~Ⅳ组分别饲喂7%、14%、21%和28%脱脂米糠的试验日粮,5组日粮的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）水平分别为8.89%、11.80%、12.93%、14.35%和17.94%,各组日粮除纤维水平不同外,其他营养成分基本一致。试验预饲期10 d,所有猪饲喂基础日粮;正式期28 d,分别饲喂基础日粮和试验日粮。试验结束屠宰全部试验猪,测定其胴体性状（胴体重、屠宰率、胴体直长、胴体斜长、眼肌面积、平均背膘厚和皮厚）;采集肉样用于测定肉质性状（滴水损失、剪切力、熟肉率、肌内脂肪含量、pH和肉色）;采集背最长肌样品用于猪滴水损失主效基因磷酸化酶激酶γ1（phosphorylase kinase gamma1,PHKG1）表达分析。结果表明：1）日粮脱脂米糠水平对苏淮猪的胴体重、屠宰率、胴体直长、胴体斜长、眼肌面积、平均背膘厚和皮厚等胴体指标没有显著影响。2）随脱脂米糠水平的提高,苏淮猪背最长肌的滴水损失呈先降低后上升的二次曲线变化（P<0.05）,猪肉的剪切力线性降低（P<0.05）;熟肉率、pH_{24 h}随脱脂米糠水平的增加呈线性增加的趋势（P=0.061,P=0.068）;日粮脱脂米糠水平的增加有降低L_{24 h}^*的趋势（线性,P=0.085）,脱脂米糠水平对其它肉质指标均无显著影响。3）PHKG1基因的相对表达量随脱脂米糠水平的增加趋于二次方升高（P=0.085）。综上所述,日粮脱脂米糠水平对苏淮育肥猪的胴体性状无显著影响,但在日粮中适度添加脱脂米糠可降低苏淮猪猪肉的滴水损失及剪切力,改善苏淮猪猪肉品质,但其背后的机制还有待进一步深入研究。