补饲植物雌激素对泌乳期伊犁母马血液生化指标及抗氧化力的影响

试验旨在研究补饲植物雌激素对泌乳期伊犁母马血液生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响。根据年龄、胎次、泌乳月龄相近的原则选择泌乳期伊犁母马24匹,随机分为4组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别补饲0.7 g大豆异黄酮、0.7 g染料木素、0.35 g大豆异黄酮和0.35 g染料木素。预试期10 d,正试期80 d,分别于试验的第0、20、40、60、80天颈静脉采集血液样品,3 500 r/min离心15 min,分离血浆,－20 ℃保存备用。结果表明,与对照组相比,补饲植物雌激素对泌乳期伊犁母马血液中总蛋白、白蛋白含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性的影响均不显著(P >0.05);但试验组过氧化氢酶活性、总抗氧化能力均有不同程度的提高;试验Ⅱ组血液中球蛋白、尿素氮含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),其余各组间差异均不显著(P >0.05);与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血液中丙二醛含量均呈降低趋势,且试验Ⅰ组达到显著水平(P<0.05)。因此,补饲植物雌激素对泌乳期母马增强免疫机能,提高机体抗氧化能力起到了一定作用,且补饲0.7 g大豆异黄酮时对机体抗氧化能力效果较为明显。     

补饲复合微生态制剂对泌乳期伊犁母马血液生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究补饲复合微生态制剂对泌乳期伊犁母马血液生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响.根据年龄、胎次、泌乳月龄相近的原则选择泌乳期伊犁母马24匹,随机分为4组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别补饲0.05 g枯草芽孢杆菌(活菌数为2.0×10¹¹ CFU/g)和0.133 g植物乳杆菌(活菌数为3.0×10¹⁰ CFU/g)、0.10 g枯草芽孢杆菌和0.266 g植物乳杆菌、0.15 g枯草芽孢杆菌和0.399 g植物乳杆菌.结果表明,与对照组相比,补饲复合微生态制剂对泌乳期伊犁母马血液中总蛋白、白蛋白、血尿素氮含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响均差异不显著(P> 0.05);但补饲复合微生态制剂泌乳期伊犁母马血液中总蛋白、白蛋白含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性呈升高的趋势;试验Ⅱ组泌乳期伊犁母马血液中球蛋白含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P <0.05),其他各组之间差异不显著(P> 0.05).过氧化氢酶的活性试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P <0.05),试验Ⅰ组与其他各组之间差异不显著(P> 0.05);总抗氧化能力试验Ⅱ组显著高于试验Ⅰ和Ⅲ组(P <0.05),其他各组之间差异不显著(P> 0.05).因此,补饲植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌复合物对泌乳期母马增强免疫机能,改善氮沉积,提高机体抗氧化能力起到了一定作用,且补饲0.10 g枯草芽孢杆菌和0.266 g植物乳杆菌复合物时效果较为明显.     

The Effects of Compound Probiotics Supplementation on Blood Biochemical Indexes and Antioxidant Capacity of Yili Mare during Lactation

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of compound probiotics supplementation on blood biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of Yili mare during lactation.A total of 24 Yili mare during lactation were divided into four groups with similar age,parity,lactation months,i.e.groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and control group.The control group and trial groups fed with the same based diet,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ were supplemented with 0.05 g of Bacillus subtilis (2.0×10¹¹ CFU/g) and 0.133 g of plant Lactobacillus (3.0× 10¹⁰ CFU/g),0.10 g of Bacillus subtilis and 0.266 g of plant Lactobacillus,0.15 g of Bacillus subtilis and 0.399 g of plant Lactobacillus, respectively.The results showed as follows:Compared with control group,total protein,albumin,blood urea nitrogen contents and GSH-Px,SOD activities of blood in trail groups were no significant differences (P >0.05);But supplementary feeding compound probiotics total protein,albumin contents and SOD activity of blood in trail groups had a upward trend.GLB content of blood in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than the control group and groupⅠ(P <0.05);CAT activity of blood in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than control group and group Ⅲ (P <0.05);T-AOC activity of blood in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than groupsⅠand Ⅲ (P <0.05);No significant difference was observed among other groups (P >0.05).Therefore,supplementary feeding plant Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis complexes had enhanced immune function,improved the nitrogen deposition and the body's antioxidant capacity of Yili mare during lactation,when supplementary feeding 0.10 g of Bacillus subtilis and 0.266 g of plant Lactobacillus complexs was more obvious effect.     

Effects of Four Kinds of Diets on Nutrient Digestion,Metabolism and Blood Biochemical Indexes of One-year-old Yili Horse

Effects of four kinds of diets on nutrient digestion and metabolism and blood biochemical indexes of one-year-old Yili horse were studied in this experiment.16 health horses(all males) with an average body weight of (227.38±16.48)kg and similar age (one-year old) were used in a staging and grouping experiment design.First stage had groupsⅠ and Ⅱ,second stage had groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ.The horses of group Ⅰ were fed with alfalfa 8 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 0 kg/d; The horses of group Ⅱ were fed with alfalfa 7 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 1 kg/d;The horses of group Ⅲ were fed with alfalfa 6.3 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 1.7 kg/d;The horses of group Ⅳ were fed with alfalfa 5.6 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 2.4 kg/d.Each stage lasted for 21 d (15 d pretrial period and 6 d trial period).The results showed that the digestibility of DM,OM,CP and P were increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate,while the digestibility of NDF,ADF and Ca showed downtrend.DE and ME were significantly increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate (P > 0.05).N retention and retention rate showed an increasing tendency,N retention and retention rate of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were extremely significant higher than those in group Ⅰ (P < 0.01).Ca retention and retention rate decreased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate,and Ca retention and retention rate of group Ⅰ were extremely significant higher than those in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P < 0.01).P retention was extremely significant increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate (P < 0.01).There were no significant difference in the content of TP among all trial groups (P > 0.05),but the content of BUN in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were lower than those in group Ⅰ (P > 0.05).Thus,comprehensive nutrient digestion and metabolism,blood biochemical indicators of four of kinds diets in one-year-old Yili horse,the requirement of crude protein,digestible protein,metabolizable energy,digestible energy were 14.28,9.16 g/(kg·BW) and 1.74,1.41 MJ/(kg·BW),respectively.     

4种日粮对1岁伊犁马消化代谢、血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究4种日粮对1岁伊犁马消化代谢、血液生化指标的影响。选用平均体重为(227.38± 16.48)kg的1岁伊犁马16匹,随机分为2组,每组8匹,采用分期分组的试验方法,分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组。试验Ⅰ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草8 kg/d、颗粒精料0 kg/d;试验Ⅱ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草7 kg/d、颗粒精料1 kg/d;试验Ⅲ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草6.3 kg/d、颗粒精料1.7 kg/d;试验Ⅳ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草5.6 kg/d、颗粒精料2.4 kg/d。进行21 d的消化代谢试验,其中预试期15 d,正试期6 d。结果表明,1岁伊犁马对干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、磷的消化率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加呈增长趋势,而中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙的消化率呈下降趋势;消化能、代谢能随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加呈增长趋势(P > 0.05);氮沉积量、氮沉积率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而增长,其中试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组氮沉积量、氮沉积率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P < 0.01);钙沉积量、钙沉积率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而降低,且试验Ⅰ组极显著高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P < 0.01);磷沉积量随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而极显著增加(P < 0.01);各组血浆中总蛋白含量差异不显著(P > 0.05),但试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血浆尿素氮含量均低于试验Ⅰ组(P > 0.05)。综合1岁伊犁马对4种日粮的消化代谢情况及血液生化指标,1岁伊犁马粗蛋白质适宜需要量为14.28 g/kg代谢体重,可消化蛋白适宜需要量为9.16 g/kg代谢体重,代谢能适宜需要量为1.74 MJ/kg代谢体重,消化能适宜需要量为1.41 MJ/kg代谢体重。     

Effect of Two Kinds of Phytoestrogens on Milk Composition,Blood Biochemical Index and Antioxidant Capacity of Dairy Cows

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding phytoestrogens on milk composition, blood biochemical index and antioxidant capacity of dairy cows.A total of 40 Holstein cows were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups by health, age and lactation stage. The cows in control group was fed total mixed rations(TMR), and the other in 3 trial groups were fed TMR supplemented with 2.5 g dainzein(group Ⅰ), 35 g formononetin (group Ⅱ), 1.25 g dainzein and 17.5 g formononetin (group Ⅲ), respectively. The total duration of the trial was 127 d, the first 7 d of the trial was the preliminary period and the formal trial lasted for 120 d. The milk samples were collected in the trial of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 d, respectively, and determination of milk composition. The blood samples were collected by jugular vein in the trial, and plasma was separated by 15 min, 3 500 r/min centrifugation, and saved at －20 ℃ for later use. The result showed as follows: Compared with the control group, the milk yield and milk protein yield in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P< 0.05),the lactose yield in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P< 0.05), the T-AOC activity of blood in group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P< 0.05), the GSH-Px activity of blood in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P< 0.05), the MDA activity of blood in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly decreased (P< 0.05), the milk fat yield,lactose rate and TP, ALB, GLB of blood were not significantly increased (P> 0.05),the CAT, SOD activity of blood in trail groups had a upward trent. It was concluded that feeding phytoestrogens could enhance the milk yield, milk protein yield, lactose yield, the body's antioxidant capacity and immune function of Holstein cows.     

添喂两种植物雌激素对奶牛乳成分、血液生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添喂两种植物雌激素及其组合物对奶牛乳成分、血液生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响。选取健康、年龄及泌乳期相近的40头荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组：1个对照组、3个试验组,每组10头。对照组饲喂全混合日粮,试验组在饲喂全混合日粮的基础上添加2.5 g大豆黄酮（试验Ⅰ组）、35 g芒柄花素（试验Ⅱ组）、1.25 g大豆黄酮和17.5 g芒柄花素（试验Ⅲ组）。预试期7 d,正试期120 d。分别于试验的第0、30、60、90、120天采集乳样,测定乳成分;颈静脉采集血液样品,3 500 r/min离心15 min,分离血浆,－20 ℃保存备用。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组产奶量、乳蛋白产量均显著提高（P< 0.05）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组乳糖产量显著提高（P< 0.05）;试验Ⅲ组T-AOC显著提高（P< 0.05）;试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组GSH-Px活性显著提高（P< 0.05）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组MDA含量极显著降低（P< 0.05）;乳脂产量、乳糖率及TP、ALB、GLB含量均无显著差异（P> 0.05）;CAT、SOD活性均有一定程度的提高。由此可见,日粮中添喂两种植物雌激素及其组合物能够在一定程度上提高荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量、乳蛋白含量和乳糖含量,能够提高奶牛机体抗氧化能力,增强免疫功能。     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Fermented Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soybean meal replacement by fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of broilers.A total 400 23-day-old Yellow-feathered male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 25 broilers per replicate.The broilers in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others were fed the basal diets with the 3% (group Ⅰ),6% (group Ⅱ) and 9% (group Ⅲ) fermented rapeseed meal equal-nutritionally replacing the soybean meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 43 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the ADG,ADFI and F/G of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ showed no significant differences (P>0.05);The ADG of group Ⅲ were 16.47% (P<0.05),15.03% (P<0.05) higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the F/G of group Ⅲ were 7.71% (P<0.05),4.27% (P>0.05) lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.② There were no significant differences in the pH₁,pH₂₄,meat color (L^*,a^*,b^*),cooking loss and tenderness of chest muscle among all groups(P>0.05);Compared with control group,the water loss rate of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the serum GLU content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 13.06%(P<0.05),8.12%(P>0.05) and 9.57%(P>0.05);The serum TP content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased by 2.50%(P>0.05),20.86%(P<0.05) and 33.92%(P<0.05);The serum GPT content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 7.99%(P>0.05),18.85%(P>0.05) and 26.98%(P<0.05).It was concluded that it would be feasible to replace the soybean meal with 3% to 9% fermented rapeseed meal in broiler feeding,and the optimum supplemental level of fermented rapeseed meal was 9%.     

发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响。选用23日龄黄羽肉公鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加3%、6%和9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕。试验期43 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05);与试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重分别提高16.47%(P<0.05)、15.03%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低7.71%(P<0.05)和4.27%(P>0.05)。②各组肉鸡胸肌的pH₁、pH₂₄、肉色(L^*、a^*、b^*)、蒸煮损失和嫩度差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡胸肌的失水率与对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡血清中葡萄糖含量分别降低13.06%(P<0.05)、8.12%(P>0.05)和9.57%(P>0.05);总蛋白含量分别提高2.50%(P>0.05)、20.86%(P<0.05)和33.92%(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶含量分别降低7.99%(P>0.05)、18.85%(P>0.05)和26.98%(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉鸡日粮中添加3%~9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕是可行的,其中添加9%发酵菜籽粕效果最好。     

补喂芒柄花素对伊犁马1000 m速度赛成绩、血气及抗氧化指标的影响

【目的】研究芒柄花素对伊犁马1 000 m速度赛成绩、血气及抗氧化指标的影响,为伊犁马运动训练过程中营养补喂剂的研发提供参考依据。【方法】试验选择平均体重(411 kg±29 kg)、平均年龄(2.0岁±0.50岁)、1 000 m速度赛成绩(135.24 s±15.75 s)相近并且健康状况良好的12匹伊犁马公马作为研究对象,随机分为对照组与试验组,每组6匹。在相同的饲养管理、饲粮营养水平及运动训练条件下,试验组每匹马每天补喂芒柄花素8 g,进行为期30 d的补喂试验。在试验第30天进行1 000 m速度赛,记录比赛成绩并在赛后即刻通过颈静脉采集血样,使用血气分析仪测定电解质水平、酸碱平衡及血气指标,使用试剂盒测定抗氧化指标。【结果】补喂芒柄花素能够显著缩短伊犁马1 000 m速度赛比赛用时(P<0.05);对血浆中电解质水平、酸碱平衡及血气相关指标均无显著影响(P>0.05);在血浆抗氧化指标方面,补喂芒柄花素能够显著提高赛后马匹血浆中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和总抗氧化能力,分别比对照组提高了11.12%(P<0.05)、8.45%(P<0.05)和32....     

Effect of Compound Enzyme and Compound Enzyme Probiotics Preparation on Degradation Rate of Diet in vitro and Milk Production Performance of Dairy Cows at Different Lactation Stages

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of compound enzyme and compound enzyme bacteria preparation on the degradation rate of diet in vitro and milk production performance of dairy cows at different lactation stages.In in vitro experiment,the basic diet (group Ⅰ) and the basic diet added with compound enzyme (group Ⅱ) and compound enzyme probiotics preparation (group Ⅲ) were used as fermentation substrate respectively.After 72 h of culture in vitro,the dry matter degradation rate (DMD) and crude protein degradation rate (CPD) of the diet were measured at different time (6,12,24,36,48 and 72 h).In feeding experiment,24 dairy cows with similar body weight,parity and condition were divided into three groups at early lactation (30 d±5 d),middle lactation (100 d±5 d) and late lactation (250 d±5 d),respectively.The cows in control group (group Ⅰ) were fed with TMR,in compound enzyme group (group Ⅱ) and the compound enzyme probiotics group (group Ⅲ) were fed with the TMR added with 1 kg/t compound enzyme and compound enzyme probiotics respectively.The trial period was 74 days,including 14 days of pre trial period and 60 days of normal trial period.`The results showed that:①In vitro DMD and CPD of the two groups increased with the prolongation of treatment time.At each time point,the values of DMD and CPD in group Ⅲ were higher than those in group Ⅱ,the difference of DMD was significant at 6 and 72 h (P<0.05),CPD was significant at 36 and 72 h (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference at other time points (P>0.05).②In the early stage of lactation,the average daily milk production of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased by 3.68% and 4.10% respectively compared with group Ⅰ,the difference was significant (P<0.05),and the difference between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was not significant (P>0.05).In mid-lactation,the average daily milk production of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased by 7.53% and 10.66% respectively compared with group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the difference between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was not significant (P>0.05).In the later stage,the average daily milk production of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased by 7.06% and 5.16% respectively compared with group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the difference between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was not significant (P>0.05).In conclusion,both compound enzymes and compound enzyme probiotics preparations could improve the in vitro DMD and CPD of the diet and the milk production of dairy cows in different periods to a certain extent.Among them,the compound enzyme preparation had a better effect on increasing milk production of dairy cows in the late lactation,while the compound enzyme probiotics preparation has a better effect on increasing milk production in mid-lactating dairy cows.     

复合酶与复合酶菌制剂对日粮体外降解率及不同泌乳阶段奶牛产奶性能的影响

本试验旨在研究复合酶及复合酶菌制剂对奶牛日粮体外降解率及不同阶段奶牛产奶性能的影响。在体外试验中,分别以基础日粮（Ⅰ组）及基础日粮中分别添加复合酶制剂（Ⅱ组）、复合酶菌制剂（Ⅲ组）的日粮作为发酵底物,体外培养72 h,测定不同时间点（6、12、24、36、48、72 h）日粮干物质降解率（DMD）和粗蛋白质降解率（CPD）。在饲养试验中,分别选取体重、胎次、体况相近的泌乳前期（30 d±5 d）、泌乳中期（100 d±5 d）和泌乳后期（250 d±5 d）奶牛各24头,平均分成3组,其中对照组（Ⅰ组）奶牛饲喂全混合日粮（TMR）,复合酶制剂组（Ⅱ组）和复合酶菌制剂组（Ⅲ组）奶牛在TMR中分别添加1 kg/t的复合酶制剂和复合酶菌制剂。每期试验持续74 d,其中预试期14 d,正试期60 d,每天记录产奶量。结果显示：①体外试验中,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的DMD、CPD均随处理时间的延长而增加。在各个时间点,Ⅲ组的DMD、CPD均高于Ⅱ组,其中DMD在6、72 h时差异显著（P<0.05）,CPD在36、72 h时差异显著（P<0.05）,在其他时间点差异均不显著（P>0.05）。②在泌乳前期,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的平均日产奶量与Ⅰ组相比分别提高了3.68%和4.10%,差异显著（P<0.05）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）;泌乳中期,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的平均日产奶量与Ⅰ组相比分别提高了7.53%和10.66%,差异显著（P<0.05）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）;泌乳后期,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的平均日产奶量与Ⅰ组相比分别提高了7.06%和5.16%,差异显著（P<0.05）,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上,复合酶与复合酶菌制剂均能在一定程度上提高日粮体外DMD和CPD以及奶牛在不同时期的产奶量,其中,复合酶制剂对提高泌乳后期奶牛产奶量效果更好,复合酶菌制剂对提高泌乳中期奶牛产奶量效果更好。     

芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶仔猪血液和免疫指标的影响

试验针对不同芽孢杆菌复合制剂对断奶仔猪血液学指标、血液生化指标和免疫功能的影响进行了研究。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在基础日粮中分别添加凝结芽孢杆菌+巨大芽孢杆菌、酪酸菌+巨大芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌+酪酸菌、凝结芽孢杆菌+酪酸菌+巨大芽孢杆菌复合制剂,添加量0.2%,饲喂43 d。结果表明,各组的血液红细胞数、白细胞数、血小板数和血红蛋白浓度均无显著差异(P>0.05)。各组的血清谷丙转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐和葡萄糖含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的血清谷草转氨酶含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组则显著提高(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验Ⅳ组则显著提高(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ组的血清IgG和IgM含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组则显著提高(P<0.05)。研究结果为芽孢杆菌在养殖业中的应用提供了一定的理论依据和参考价值。     

复合营养素对育肥羊生长性能、消化率和血清指标的影响

【目的】 研究以发酵麸皮多糖、肉桂醛、丁香酚和辣椒油树脂为主的复合营养素对杜寒育肥羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清指标的影响,以期为复合营养素在肉羊生产中的应用提供一定的理论依据。【方法】 试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选择体重为(29.69±3.11)kg的36只2~3月龄杜寒杂交母羊,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复2只羊。对照组(CON)饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分别饲喂添加2.5和5.0 g/kg复合营养素的试验饲粮。预试期14 d,正试期60 d。试验开始和结束当天晨饲前称重测定其生长性能指标,并采集血液样品测定血清生理生化、免疫与抗氧化能力等指标;在正试期第24~30和54~60天持续采集7 d粪样和饲料样,早晚各采集1次,用于测定营养物质表观消化率。【结果】 ①与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组育肥羊的终末重和平均日增重均显著增加(P<0.05),料重比降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05),试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组育肥羊干物质采食量均显著升高(P<0.05)。②与对照组相比,在第24~30天时,试验Ⅰ组育肥羊对干物质和有机物的表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。③饲粮中添加复合营养素对育肥羊血清生化各指标均无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,试验结束时,试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组育肥羊血清中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和免疫球蛋白M(immunoglobulin M,IgM)含量均显著升高(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组育肥羊血清中谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)和免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG)含量均显著降低(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组育肥羊血清中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】 饲粮中添加2.5 g/kg复合营养素能够增加育肥羊干物质采食量和表观消化率,并改善其免疫功能,提高机体抗氧化水平。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵中草药复合枯草芽孢杆菌对黄羽肉鸡生长后期免疫性能及大肠杆菌感染的研究

试验旨在研究鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵中草药复合枯草芽孢杆菌对白羽肉鸡生长后期免疫性能及大肠杆菌感染的影响。选取体重相似、健康状况基本相同的360只1日龄肉鸡随机分成3个组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只。试验预试期7 d,正试期35 d。试验Ⅰ组为阳性对照组,试验Ⅱ组为阴性对照组,均饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅲ组在基础饲料中添加1%发酵中草药制剂,且试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在肉鸡35日龄时腹腔注射大肠杆菌菌悬液1 mL,连续攻毒2 d,测定肉鸡死亡率、免疫器官指数、盲肠菌群含量、免疫球蛋白水平和白介素含量。结果表明,腹腔注射大肠杆菌造成鸡大量死亡,试验Ⅱ组高达75.00%,显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组(P < 0.05),使用发酵中草药微生态制剂后鸡死亡率显著下降(P < 0.05),仅有23.33%;注射大肠杆菌后试验Ⅲ组脾脏指数和法氏囊指数显著升高(P < 0.05),但使用发酵中草药微生态制剂后脾脏指数接近于试验Ⅰ组,而法氏囊指数稍高于试验Ⅰ组,说明发酵中草药微生态制剂可以抵抗大肠杆菌感染,脾脏和法氏囊发育不受影响;注射大肠杆菌后试验Ⅲ组大肠杆菌数量显著下降(P < 0.05),但试验Ⅲ组由于饲喂发酵中草药复合芽孢杆菌制剂,肠道乳杆菌数量显著增加,抑制大肠杆菌的繁殖,从而大肠杆菌数量与正常饲喂状态下的试验Ⅰ组趋于一致;42日龄时,盲肠内容物sIgA含量试验Ⅲ组分别高出试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组11.99%和36.56%(P < 0.05),血清IgG含量试验Ⅲ组分别高出试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组14.68%和28.15%(P < 0.05);42日龄时,试验Ⅱ组IL-2含量最低,显著低于试验Ⅲ组(P < 0.05),试验Ⅲ组IL-6含量显著低于试验Ⅱ组(P < 0.05)。     

Effects of Complex Nutritional Regulation Additives on Meat Quality of Grazing Sheep in Cold Season

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of complex nutritional regulation additives on meat quality of grazing sheep in cold season.A single factor random block design was used,48 grazing ewes with 7 months old and the average body weight (28.01±1.70) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups:Group Ⅰ without supplement;Group Ⅱ with routine concentrate;Group Ⅲ with routine concentrate+complex formulation group 1 (0.30% malic acid,0.06% cysteamine,0.08% saccharicterpenin);Group Ⅳ with routine concentrate+complex formulation group 2 (0.60% malic acid,0.12% cysteamine,0.16% saccharicterpenin).And there were 3 repeats for each group with 4 grazing ewes in each repeat.At the end of experiment,the longissimus dorsi of ewes were collected to determine the content of meat nutrient and amino acids.The results showed that:① The crude fat content of group Ⅲ was higher than groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 27.92% (P < 0.05),16.67% (P > 0.05) and 7.85% (P > 0.05),respectively.The crude protein content of group Ⅲ was higher than groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 7.35% (P < 0.05),3.94% (P > 0.05) and 2.49% (P > 0.05),respectively.The shear force in three supplementary feeding groups were extremely significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01) and compared with group Ⅱ,group Ⅲ was decreased by 3.98% (P < 0.05).② Compared with group Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the proline content of group Ⅳ was increased by 38.34% (P < 0.01) and 22.75% (P < 0.05),respectively.While the proline content of group Ⅲ was higher than groupⅠand Ⅱ by 19.63% (P > 0.05) and 6.15% (P > 0.05),respectively.Except for proline,other amino acids were not significant different among the four experimental groups (P > 0.05).In conclusion,in this trial,supplementing complex nutritional regulation additives had good effects on crude fat,crude protein and shear force and amino acids contents,also improved the flavor and nutritional value of grazing sheep in cold season.Taking into consideration various factors,the effect of group Ⅲ (supplementing routine concentrate+complex formulation group 1) was the most obvious,which had the practical guiding importance in improving the meat quality of grazing sheep in cold season.     

复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊肉品质的影响。采用单因素完全随机区组试验设计,将48只健康、体重相近(28.01±1.70) kg的7月龄放牧母羊随机分为4组,分别为Ⅰ组:不补饲;Ⅱ组:补饲常规精料;Ⅲ组:补饲常规精料+复合配方1组(0.30%苹果酸、0.06%半胱胺、0.08%糖萜素);Ⅳ组:补饲常规精料+复合配方2组(0.60%苹果酸、0.12%半胱胺、0.16%糖萜素)。其中每组3个重复,每个重复4只,试验期45 d,试验期末测定采集各组母羊背最长肌肌肉样品,测定肉质养分、氨基酸的含量。结果显示:①试验Ⅲ组的粗脂肪含量比Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ组分别提高27.92% (P < 0.05)、16.67% (P > 0.05)和7.85% (P > 0.05);试验Ⅲ组的粗蛋白质含量比Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ组分别提高7.35% (P < 0.05)、3.94% (P > 0.05)和2.49% (P > 0.05);补饲组的剪切力均极显著低于未补饲组(P < 0.01),试验Ⅲ组较Ⅱ组降低3.98% (P < 0.05)。②试验Ⅳ组的脯氨酸含量较Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分别提高38.34% (P < 0.01)和22.75% (P < 0.05),试验Ⅲ组的脯氨酸含量较Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分别提高19.63% (P > 0.05)和6.15% (P > 0.05);其余氨基酸含量在各组之间均差异不显著(P > 0.05)。综上,补饲复合营养调控剂可改善绵羊肉质剪切力,提高绵羊肌内粗脂肪、粗蛋白质和氨基酸含量,改善嫩度风味和营养价值。考虑综合因素,试验Ⅲ组补饲效果最为显著,补饲复合配方1组对改善冷季放牧绵羊肉品质有实际指导意义。     

Research Lactobacillus rhamnosusFermented Herbal and Bacillus subtilis Complex on Immune Performance,E.coli Infection of Broiler

This experiment was designed to study the complex of Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented herbal and Bacillus subtilis on White Feather broiler immunity performance and impact of Escherichia coli infection.360 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 30 chickens per replicate.The pretrial period lasted for 7 d,and the experiment lasted for 35 d.The chickens in the group Ⅰ(positive control group) and group Ⅱ(negative control group)were all only fed a basal diet,group Ⅲ was test group,by additive 1% fermented herbal preparations,groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL E.coli at 35 d,broiler mortality,immune organ index,cecalmicroflora content,immunoglobulin levels,IL-2 and IL-6 content were tested.The results showed that injection of E.coli caused massive death of chickens,group Ⅱtook up to 75.00%,it was significantly higher than groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P < 0.05),the mortality in group Ⅲ was significantly lower than group Ⅱ(P < 0.05),was only 23.33%.Injection of E.coli maked spleen index and thymus index of group Ⅱincreased significantly (P < 0.05),the spleen index and thymus index of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ were no significant difference (P > 0.05).E.coli counts was significantly decreased after injectionin group Ⅲ (P < 0.05),but the number of intestinal Lactobacilli of group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P < 0.05),and inhibited the propagation of E.coli,the counts of E.coli in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ were no significant difference (P > 0.05).At 42 d,the sIgA of the intestinal fluid in group Ⅲ were higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ with 11.99% and 36.56%,respectively(P < 0.05).The serum IgG concentrations of group Ⅲ was higher than that of groupsⅠand Ⅱwith 14.68% and 28.15%,respectively(P < 0.05).At 42 d,the IL-2 content of group Ⅱ was the lowest,it was significantly lower than group Ⅲ(P < 0.05),the IL-6 of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than group Ⅱ(P < 0.05).     

诱导发情对绒山羊非繁殖季节产羔和血清指标的影响

为研究中草药集中催情和孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG）外源诱导对非繁殖季节内蒙古绒山羊产羔和血清指标的影响,选取体重相近的内蒙古绒山羊272只,分为中草药试验Ⅰ组（112只）、激素试验Ⅱ组（100只）和对照组（60只）,试验Ⅰ组饲喂中草药,每次50 g/只,发情前7 d开始饲喂,每2 d饲喂1次,共3次;试验Ⅱ组海绵栓+PMSG 250 IU/只;对照组正常饲养。在试验结束后第2天早饲前各组选择5只羊颈静脉采血,测定并分析血清中生理生化指标及生殖激素含量的变化。结果显示,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组绒山羊的发情率、产羔率和双羔率极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,试验Ⅱ组的产羔率和双羔率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.01）,发情率显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。试验Ⅱ组绒山羊血清总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、尿素氮（UREA）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）含量显著高于试验Ⅰ组和对照组（P<0.05）,试验Ⅰ组绒山羊丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著高于试验Ⅱ组和对照组（P<0.05）;试验Ⅱ组血清促卵泡素（FSH）、雌二醇（E₂）和促黄体素（LH）含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,孕酮（P₄）、睾酮（T）在三组之间差异均不显著（P>0.05）,试验Ⅰ组生殖激素指标与对照组差异均不显著（P>0.05）。对激素和抗氧化酶的相关性分析显示,试验Ⅰ组绒山羊血清P₄含量与GSH-Px含量呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,其相关系数为-0.594,试验Ⅱ组绒山羊血清LH含量与GSH-Px含量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,其相关系数为0.757。本研究结果表明,中草药和激素处理均可极显著促进内蒙古绒山羊在非繁殖季节集中发情,并提高产羔率。激素处理可提高非繁殖季节内蒙古绒山羊对蛋白质的消化利用程度和抗氧化功能,中草药处理可提高血清SOD活性;分析认为GSH-Px与P₄之间存在显著颉颃作用,GSH-Px与LH之间存在极显著协同作用。     

发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭生产性能、血清生化指标、免疫相关指标、抗氧化指标及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响

【目的】本试验旨在研究发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭生产性能、血清生化指标、免疫相关指标、抗氧化指标及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响。【方法】利用复合菌剂（酵母菌和乳酸菌质量比1：1）发酵穿心莲粉,根据发酵前后成分变化对其微生态功能及药用价值进行分析。将450只15日龄体重250 g左右的黑羽番鸭随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。对照Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮,对照Ⅱ组在基础饲粮中添加3%穿心莲粉,发酵Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加1%、3%和5%的发酵穿心莲粉,预试期7 d,正试期48 d。分别于16、21、42、70日龄对番鸭称重,于70日龄从每组随机选取6只番鸭（每个重复随机取1只）屠宰,采集血液、左侧胸肌样品,测定血清生化指标、免疫相关指标及抗氧化指标、肌肉脂肪酸含量。【结果】①穿心莲粉经复合菌剂发酵后,活菌数超过2.0×10⁸ CFU/g,粗纤维含量虽有降低但差异不显著（P>0.05）。②发酵Ⅱ组16~70日龄的料重比显著或极显著低于对照Ⅰ组和发酵Ⅲ组（P<0.05;P<0.01）。③发酵Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的屠宰率均显著高于对照Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。④发酵Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和对照Ⅱ组番鸭血清的IL-2水平均极显著高于对照Ⅰ组和发酵Ⅰ组（P<0.01）。⑤发酵Ⅱ组的血清丙二醛水平极显著或显著低于对照Ⅰ组和对照Ⅱ组（P<0.01;P<0.05）。⑥发酵Ⅱ组的肌肉不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸及必需脂肪酸含量均显著或极显著高于对照Ⅰ组（P<0.05;P<0.01）。【结论】与基础饲粮组相比,3%发酵穿心莲粉可显著提高番鸭的生产性能、血清IL-2水平、肌肉不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量,减少番鸭脂质过氧化,提高机体抗氧化能力。此外,3%发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭屠宰率和抗氧化能力的影响要显著优于同比例未发酵穿心莲粉。