不同海拔地区两种小型猪血液生理生化指标比较

本试验旨在比较高原蕨麻小型猪与平原巴马小型猪的血液生理生化指标差异,为高原蕨麻小型猪的实验动物化提供理论基础.试验分别在高原地区和西安市采集高原蕨麻小型猪与巴马小型猪血样,检测10项血液生理指标和14项血液生化指标,并对结果进行统计分析.结果显示,血液生理指标中高原蕨麻小型猪的红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)、红细胞平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(MCMH)均极显著高于巴马小型猪(P< 0.01),血小板(PLT)、红细胞分布列宽变异系数(RDW-CV)和红细胞分布宽度标准差(RDW-SD)与巴马小型猪相比差异显著(P< 0.05);血液生化指标中高原蕨麻小型猪γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)、葡萄糖(GLU)、肌酐(CRE)均极显著高于巴马小型猪(P< 0.01),其余指标均无显著差异(P> 0.05).结果表明,高原蕨麻小型猪具有低氧适应的生理特征,与巴马小型猪相比有独特的高原适应性,具有开发成为高原疾病动物模型的潜力.     

巴马小型猪对高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的敏感性评价

为评价巴马小型猪对高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(HP-PRRSV)的敏感性,本研究选择PRRSV抗体阴性的16头巴马小型猪和17头本地二元杂交猪作为研究对象,分别分为低剂量接毒组、高剂量接毒组、对照组1和对照组2,低剂量、高剂量接毒组肌肉注射接种PRRSV NVDC-JXA1强毒株,对照组1和接毒组混合饲养,对照组2分开饲养作为空白对照。接毒后每天测量体温,观察精神、食欲、死亡等情况,死亡动物剖检病变,攻毒后每隔7d采血用RT-PCR法检测病原,连续观察21d。结果绝大部分猪体温升高到41℃以上,且有3个以上温次,所有接种及混养动物都死亡,巴马小型猪死亡时间在8d~17d,二元杂交猪在7d~13d,死亡动物出现肺充血、出血、实变,扁桃体、淋巴结、肝脏、肾脏、皮下有出血等症状,病原RTPCR检测为阳性,说明攻毒动物死于HP-PRRS,表明巴马小型猪对PRRSV NVDC-JXA1强毒株非常敏感,可用于PRRS活疫苗的检验。     

中国实验用小型猪血液指标正常参考值分析

本试验旨在建立中国农业大学教授专家团队培育的小型猪(命名为"中国实验用小型猪")血液生理和生化指标的正常参考值范围,为小型猪作为人类疾病模型提供参考依据。用全自动化生化仪测定1、3、6和12月龄中国实验用小型猪血液的9项生理指标和22项生化指标,对同一月龄不同性别的血液测定值进行单因素独立样本t检验。试验结果显示,中国实验用小型猪绝大多数血液生理生化指标同一月龄不同性别间差异不显著(P>0.05),仅红细胞体积分布宽度和肌酐等指标存在显著差异(P<0.05)。中国实验用小型猪血液指标与巴马小型猪、贵州小型猪和五指山小型猪相比,大多数血液测定值接近。试验结果表明,中国实验用小型血液生理生化指标稳定,与人类正常参考值相比,小型猪9项血液生理指标中有4项和人类相接近,22项血液生化指标中有15项和人类相接近。     

巴马小型猪在辽宁地区的适应性观察及血液生理生化指标检测

从广西巴马瑶族自治县引进巴马小型猪20头,进行饲养繁殖,观察其在东北环境下的适应性及血液生理生化指标的变化.经过2年的观察与检验,证实引进的巴马小型猪适应性良好,繁殖性能正常,性成熟期为2～3月龄,妊娠期为114～120 d,初产仔猪数为3～7头,经产仔猪数为5～10头,产仔猪数与母猪体重呈正相关(R²=0.96).血液生理生化指标检测结果显示,与巴马原种厂提供的数据相比,白细胞数(WBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、尿素(Urea)、肌酐(Cr)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、葡萄糖定量试验(GLU)、总胆固醇(T-Ch)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆碱酯酶(CHS)、Na、Cl、淀粉酶(AMS)和二氧化碳结合力(CO₂CP)均有显著差异(P<0.05),其余指标差异均不显著(P>0.05).结果表明由辽宁省饲养并繁殖的巴马小型猪的血液生理生化指标与人类具有一定的相似性,可以为辽宁地区试验应用巴马小型猪提供参考依据.     

3个中国实验用小型猪品种血液生化指标分析

用全自动生化分析仪检测了五指山小型猪近交系、贵州小型猪和广西巴马小型猪封闭群25个血液生化指标，统计分析结果显示，3个品种间无差异的指标有1项，差异极显著（P＜0.01）的指标有7项；3个品种中所有指标的变异系数平均值依次为：0.18、0.21和0.17。通过3个小型猪品种间同一指标的比较，以及与人类参考值、国外著名的哥廷根小型猪、地方猪品种和引进大型猪品种比较，为小型猪用于人类医学研究应用提供参考。     

广西巴马小型猪Oct4基因克隆及其在成纤维细胞中的表达

根据GenBank中公布的猪Oct4核苷酸序列设计合成1对引物,采用RT-PCR方法从巴马小型猪睾丸组织扩增Oct4基因编码全序列。然后将该基因重组于含有绿色荧光报告基因的真核表达载体pEGFP-N1中,构建成pEGFP-Oct4重组质粒,通过酶切电泳鉴定和DNA测序证明重组质粒构建成功。使用脂质体2000将pEGFP-Oct4转染巴马小型猪肾脏成纤维细胞,荧光显微镜下可观察到绿色荧光,转染细胞株中可检测到Oct4的转录。结果表明,成功构建了真核表达载体pEGFP-Oct4,并可在巴马小型猪肾脏成纤维细胞中表达,为进一步研究Oct4基因生物学功能奠定了基础。     

Comparison of Blood Physiological and Biological Indexes of the Polled Yak and Horned Yak

The blood physiological and biological indexes were determined in both polled and horned yaks, to investigate the differences of body condition and metabolism between the two breeds, and provide a comprehensive understanding for new yak breeds. Thirty physiological and biochemical indexes of the polled and horned yaks were measured, and all these data were analyzed by independent-samples t test to compare the same index between the two groups. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences (P<0.01) in 11 indexes,5 indexes reached significant differences (P<0.05) and no significant differences (P>0.05) in 14 indexes between the polled and horned yaks. The results suggested that the polled yak was easier to adapt to the plateau hypoxia and there were many differences in adaptability of plateau hypoxia, kidney metabolism, liver metabolism and the growth and development of the bone between the polled and horned yak. This study could provide scientific basis for better protection and utilization of yak and the selection of the new yak breeds.     

Reference values of hematological and biochemical parameters for the world smallest microminipigs

In this study, we demonstrated growth curves and reference values for hematological and serum biochemical parameters of Microminipigs, the world smallest experimental minipigs. In both male and female animals, the body weights (BWs) at 3 and 6 months of age were <5 kg and <10 kg, respectively, and growth curve revealed almost plateau (approximately 20 kg BW) after 18 months of age. Major hematological and serum biochemical parameters showed no gender differences and the values were very similar to those in G?ttingen and Yukatan minipigs. The values obtained in this study can serve as fundamental reference, and thereby facilitate the use of Microminipig in life science research.     

普通级巴马小型猪部分血液学指标的测定

为测定普通级巴马小型猪部分血液学指标,比较其性别间差异,试验选用3月龄～4月龄小型猪,测定其16项血清生化指标、15项血液学指标和3项血凝指标,并根据测定结果对雌、雄小型猪的测定值进行比较.结果表明巴马小型猪的所有检测指标雌雄间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).普通级巴马小型猪的16项血清生化指标、15项血液学指标和3项血...     

Breeding for low body weight in Goettingen minipigs.

The Goettingen minipig is a laboratory animal with increasing popularity in medical research. To get a genetically smaller minipig, a new breeding scheme with a focus on weight reduction has to be developed. Therefore, 19 505 body weight measurements of 3461 Goettingen minipigs were analysed with multiple trait models and random regression models (RRM) for the estimation of genetic parameters. Heritabilities were moderate with slightly higher values estimated with the RRM. Genetic correlations between body weight measurements at different ages were decreasing with increasing time lag between the measurements. An operational breeding goal for relative weight reduction RWR is suggested in which the weight reduction in each age class is expressed as per cent of the actual body weight and is weighted according to the proportion of animals sold in this age class. Expected genetic progress was calculated for two different selection ages (80 and 150 days). Selection at age 150 days leads to an expected genetic progress of 3.9 % RWR per year. And it is shown how the selection for RWR will modify the shape of the growth curve. On the basis of these results, a new breeding scheme with a focus on weight reduction can be implemented, which also has to account for correlated undesirable effects, like decline of fertility and increased rate of inbreeding.     

Evaluation of haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of transgenic rabbits

The aim of our study was to compare the hFVIII mRNA expression in different organs, pathological changes and selected haematological and biochemical blood parameters between transgenic and non-transgenic rabbits from F3 generation. Selected physiological parameters of 3- to 4-month-old transgenic rabbits from F3 generation carrying human factor VIII gene (hFVIII) were analysed and compared with those of non-transgenic ones. Before slaughtering, the blood for haematological and biochemical analysis was taken from the central ear artery. Pathological and histological examination of vital organs and RT-PCR analysis of several tissue organs of transgenic and non-transgenic animals were performed after slaughtering. Except for the mammary gland tissue, slight hfVIII mRNA expression in the spleen, lung and brain and none expression in the liver, kidney, skeletal muscle and heart of rabbits were recorded. pathological examination of vital organs showed some pathological changes in both transgenic and non-transgenic rabbits which were confirmed by histological qualitative evaluations. Statistically significant lower values of blood haemoglobin in blood of transgenic (11.86+/-0.86) animals compared with non-transgenic (12.41+/-1.02, P<0.05) ones and lower parameters of HCT (39.22+/-2.44 versus 40.89+/-2.26, P<0.01) in blood of transgenic rabbits were observed. Parameters of WBC, RBC and PLT showed no significant differences between the analysed groups. All biochemical serum parameters of transgenic rabbits were higher in comparison with non-transgenic ones. Significant differences were found in the concentration of the urea, AST and GMT between transgenic and non-transgenic animals (P<0.001) and in the total protein content, the difference was significant at P<0.05. In conclusion, our results showed that no considerable impact on the general health was found in transgenic rabbits.     

Determination and Analysis of Blood Biochemical Indexes of Police Dogs in Different Altitudes

The difference of blood biochemical indicators between dogs in plateau and in plain was compared in this experiment, which would provide the basic data for understanding the plateau environment adaptability of the dogs. We collected blood samples of Kunming dogs and Malinois in plateau and plain areas, respectively.And 4 blood indicators including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were tested. The results showed that compared with the Kunming dogs in plateau and plain, the difference of SOD and GSH-Px was significant (P< 0.05),the difference of LDH was extremely significant (P< 0.01), and the difference of CK was not significant (P> 0.05). Compared with the Malinoises in plateau and plain, the difference of SOD and LDH was significant (P< 0.05), the difference of GSH-Px was extremely significant (P< 0.01), and the difference of CK was not significant (P> 0.05). Compared with the Kunming dogs and Malinoises in plateau,the difference of GSH-Px and LDH was extremely significant (P< 0.01), the difference of CK and SOD was not significant (P> 0.05). It indicated that the Kunming dog had an altitude acclimatization, which provided a new idea for establishment of the animal model of plateau disease, and was more suitable for the working dog.     

巴马小型猪在达芬奇机器人手术系统中的麻醉管理

为探讨巴马小型猪在达芬奇机器人微创手术中的麻醉管理策略,以丙泊酚麻醉作诱导,异氟醚维持麻醉的复合麻醉方法对巴马小型猪进行全身麻醉,同时用达芬奇机器人对其分别进行心脏、肺脏、肝脏和胃的微创手术,于术前、术中及术后监测巴马小型猪动脉血气和血流动力学变化。结果各组试验猪均顺利完成手术,手术平均时间(166±34)min,麻醉时间(181±38)min,气胸(气腹)时间(122±33)min,在整个麻醉过程及苏醒过程中,各组试验猪安全平稳,未出现体动表现。由此可见,该麻醉方法可用于达芬奇机器人手术系统,且为人医临床应用中的麻醉管理奠定基础。     

Experimental determination and allometric prediction of vitreous volume, and retina and lens weights in Göttingen minipigs

Objectives To determine the vitreous volume, and retinal and lens wet weights in male and female Göttingen minipigs of different age groups. Procedures Vitreous, lens and retina were isolated from fresh minipig eyes. Vitreous volume, lens and retina weight were measured and allometric scaling was utilized to predict these parameters. Results There were no gender differences in body weights or retina and lens weights in the three age groups examined in this study. For vitreous volumes, females had a significantly larger volume (approximately 10%–12%) than males in the 4–6 and 6–8 month, but not in the 8–11‐month group. The mean body weight increased from 12.2 ± 2.6 kg (4–6 months) to 19.4 ± 4.0 kg (8–11 months). In the same period, the mean vitreous volume increased from 2.00 ± 0.28 to 2.67 ± 0.31 mL, while the mean retinal and lens weights increased from 114 ± 22 to 126 ± 17 mg, and from 298 ± 26 to 392 ± 15 mg, respectively. Allometric analysis between six species for vitreous volume and four species for lens weight covering a weight range of 260‐fold was not able to estimate the vitreous volume, but it did predict the lens weight in 8–11 months minipigs. Conclusions Overall these measurements add important context to intraocular pharmacology studies, and will help in the improved design and interpretation of such experiments.     

重组人干扰素α1b喷雾剂皮肤局部药代动力学研究

本试验旨在考察重组人干扰素α1b喷雾剂在皮肤应用的局部药代动力学特性,分别在小型猪完整皮肤、通透性增强皮肤和破损皮肤上进行透皮吸收研究。采用1、3、5及25 μg/mL重组人干扰素α1b喷涂于受试部位,在用药后0、1、2、4 h分别取用药部位皮肤组织制成匀浆,检测匀浆中干扰素活性。药物可渗透进入小型猪完整皮肤;在小型猪通透性增强和破损皮肤中,用药4 h内,药物可达到有效治疗浓度;用药剂量和用药时间与皮肤组织中药物活性相关,不同剂量组间和不同检测时间组间差异显著(P<0.05)。5 μg/mL重组人干扰素α1b喷雾剂间隔4 h用药可在用药局部起到抗病毒作用。     

不同海拔地区牦牛血液生化指标的比较研究

试验从心肌酶活性、肝脏代谢、肾脏代谢、机体抗氧化能力、能量代谢及脂代谢方面比较两个不同海拔地区的牦牛血液生化指标的差异，为牦牛高原低氧适应性提供理论依据。在青海省大通种牛场（较高海拔地区）采集牦牛血样49份，在河北省红松洼牧场（较低海拔地区）采集牦牛血样29份，检测25项血液生化指标，采用独立样本t检验对2个牦牛群体的检测结果进行比较分析。结果显示，与较低海拔地区牦牛相比，较高海拔地区牦牛血液生化指标中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（α-HBDH）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性及总胆红素（TBiL）、直接胆红素（DBiL）、总蛋白（TP）、球蛋白（GLB）、肌酐（CRE）、尿酸（UA）、丙二醛（MDA）、葡萄糖（GLU）水平极显著升高（P<0.01），碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性显著升高（P<0.05）；超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、血管内皮舒张因子（NO）、白蛋白（ALB）、甘油三酯（TG）水平及白球比（A/G）极显著降低（P<0.01）；其余指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果表明，两个不同海拔地区的牦牛心肌酶活性、机体代谢功能及抗氧化能力存在一定差异，较高海拔地区的牦牛长期身处低氧环境，逐渐产生高原适应性。     

德系西门塔尔牛与荷斯坦牛及其杂种后代血液生理生化指标的比较分析

为探究德系西门塔尔牛、荷斯坦牛及其杂交后代血液生理生化指标状况及差异,选择5月龄、体重150~200 kg的健康公牛15头,其中荷斯坦公牛、西×荷杂种一代公牛(简称西荷杂种牛)、德系西门塔尔公牛各5头,育肥372 d后屠宰测定其各项血液生理生化指标。结果显示:德系西门塔尔牛红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积均显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.01),白细胞、中性细胞数、中性细胞比率、嗜碱性粒细胞比率处于居中水平;荷斯坦牛白细胞、红细胞平均体积均显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.05),中性细胞数、中性细胞比率极显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.01),嗜碱性粒细胞比率则极显著低于其他两组牛(P<0.01);西荷杂种牛白细胞、游离甲状腺素、皮质醇均显著低于其他两组牛(P<0.05),淋巴细胞数、淋巴细胞比率、嗜酸性粒细胞比率、嗜碱性粒细胞数、嗜碱性粒细胞比率均极显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.01),血小板压积显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.05)。在血液生化指标方面,荷斯坦牛血清钾离子显著低于其他两组牛(P<0.05),德系西门塔尔牛游离甲状腺素浓度显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.05),荷斯坦牛皮质醇浓度显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.05),其他血液生理生化指标在3组间比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上说明,西荷杂种牛抗病力和抗逆性较强,德系西门塔尔牛代谢旺盛,环境适应性强。     

Determination of the maximum tolerated dose and the safety index of an experimental fasciolicide in cattle

The aim of the present study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the safety index (SI) of 5-chloro-2-methylthio-6-(1-napthyloxy)1H-benzimidazole, called compound alpha, in cattle. In addition, to search for possible adverse effects after treatment, the measurement of some biochemical, haematological and physiological parameters were also analysed. Eighteen crossbred heifers were divided into six groups of three animals each. Groups 1-5 received a single oral dose of 12, 36, 60, 120 and 180 mg/kg of body weight (bw) of compound alpha. Group 6 served as an untreated control. To determine the biochemical, haematological and enzymatic parameters, sera and blood samples were individually taken at 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 128, and 720 h after treatment. Physiological parameters such as rectal temperature, heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR) and ruminal motility were measured at the time intervals mentioned above. Estimation of the MTD and SI was obtained by using the formula reported by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the results showing an MTD of 180 mg/kg/bw and an SI of 15 times the recommended clinical dose. Some statistical differences were observed in a few of the biochemical, haematological and enzymatic parameters, the adverse effects being not highly representative. Alterations on HR and RR were statistically different (P<0.05) only in heifers treated with 180 mg.     

热应激对巴马香猪免疫和生化指标的影响

为了探讨热应激诱发动物免疫损伤的可能机理,本研究观测了热应激对巴马香猪行为、基线免疫和血液生化指标的影响。对巴马香猪的行为观察发现热应激使其饮欲增强、活动量增大和打斗增多。结果表明:热应激使巴马香猪红、白细胞数量显著升高(P<0.05);嗜中性粒细胞百分率下降,嗜酸性和嗜碱性粒百分率上升;单核细胞百分率升高(P<0.05);热应激对巴马香猪血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总胆固醇(TC)和白蛋白(ALB)的影响不大。血尿素氮(BUN)呈下降趋势,但差异不显著;肌酸激酶(CK)升高(P<0.05);乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量下降。葡萄糖(GLU)则在早期低于对照组,而后期高于对照组(P<0.05),说明热应激引起巴马香猪代谢和内分泌紊乱。     

SLO angiography: arterio-venous filling times in monkey and minipig

Confocal scanning laser ophthalmosocope (cSLO) is a new technique which enables ocular fundus image recording and dynamic retinal angiography to be performed. The ocular fundus image is acquired sequentially, point by point, and is reconstructed on a video monitor at the rate of 25 images per second. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of measuring retinal arterio‐venous filling times (AVFT) with a I + Tech cSLO. Three young adult cynomolgus monkeys and three young adult Göttingen minipigs were used as experimental models. All animals were anesthetized using a zolazepam + tiletamine mixture injected intramuscularly; heart rate and rectal temperature were monitored and corneal irrigation was regularly performed. For all subjects, prior to examination, hematocrit and globe axial length were measured. The images were recorded, stabilized and analyzed. The retinal examination consisted of retinal images with 40° field cSLO, retinal fluorescein angiography and arterio‐venous 50% filling time measurements. For each subject all images were easily recorded while keeping the animals in a normally lighted room without having to use any additional optical device. AVFT using an I + Tech cSLO is easily performed in monkeys and minipigs. AVFT measurements in minipigs and monkeys are similar. These results suggest that minipigs can replace monkeys as an experimental species for AVFT investigations.