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鹫峰国家森林公园土壤优先流现象分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
为研究鹫峰地区优先流强度与土壤发育程度之间的关系,采用室内原状土柱穿透曲线与野外染色示踪试验相结合的方法,分析鹫峰地区优先流现象。结果表明:(1)研究区有优先流现象发生,优先流类型主要是指流和大孔隙流。(2)发育程度较高和较低2种不同土壤优先流强度不同,低海拔发育程度较差土壤优先流现象越明显,强度更大;高海拔发育程度较好土壤则相反。(3)土壤表层0-30cm根系主要分布范围内,用Logistic模型进行曲线拟合得出,石砾含量对优先流影响不显著,这是因为在土壤表层0-30cm优先流强度受植物改良土壤作用明显。 相似文献
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健康的风景林可以持续发挥森林的生态效益和经济效益,可以让人类找回失去的自然风光.对风景林的健康评价是风景林健康管理的前提.结合特尔菲法(Delphi).在对鹫峰国家森林公园风景林实地调查和查阅相关林业年鉴、林业发展战略、林业规划的基础上,提出了鹫峰风景林健康评价指标体系,并依据该指标体系对鹫峰风景林近10 a以来(2000-2009年)和未来10 a以后(2009-2020年)的健康状况变化进行了分析.分析结果表明:鹫峰风景林的健康状况比10 a前有1.25倍的改善;在10 a以后鹫峰风景林的健康状况将进一步增强,提高1.24倍,提高幅度与前10 a基本相同;评价体系中表现最为活跃的指标是年龄结构、服务设施、火灾恢复力、社会效益综合指标、经济效益综合指标. 相似文献
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[目的] 探索不同旅游干扰强度对景区枯落物及土壤蓄水能力的影响,为景区管理措施制定和生态环境改善提供一定的参考。[方法] 以重庆市黄水国家森林公园为研究对象,分析非干扰、轻度干扰、中度干扰和重度干扰4个处理条件下景区枯落物及土壤蓄水能力的变化。[结果] 随着旅游干扰强度的增强,景区枯落物及土壤蓄水能力均显著降低,而土壤容重则显著提升(p<0.05)。与未干扰相比,重度干扰下景区枯落物总蓄积量、未分解层和半分解层蓄积量分别显著降低55.30%,57.47%和49.19%(p<0.05);未分解层枯落物最大持水率、最大拦蓄率、有效拦蓄率、最大持水量、最大拦蓄量及有效拦蓄量分别降低19.83%,24.83%,20.22%及57.89%,56.67%%和62.35%,而半分解层则分别降低30.01%,33.21%,37.48%及69.90%,70.94%,72.77%;土壤容重提升97.33%(p<0.05),总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、最大持水量、毛管持水量、非毛管持水量、初渗率、稳渗率、平均渗透率和渗透总量分别提升26.57%,8.83%,17.74%,38.64%,42.98%,32.13%,67.01%,65.23%,64.22%和44.01%(p<0.05)。[结论] 旅游干扰通过降低景区枯落物尤其是半分解层枯落物和土壤蓄水能力而影响景区生态系统水文调节功能。 相似文献
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Meijun Cai Amy M. Johnson John S. Schwartz Steve E. Moore Matt A. Kulp 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(1):289-303
Understanding the acid-base chemistry of soil and the soil processes related to the release or retention of sulfate and nitrate
is important in order to predict watershed recovery from long-term acid deposition. Soils were sampled from the Noland Divide
Watershed (NDW), a small, high-elevation watershed in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park receiving high rates of acid
deposition over several decades. Soil samples were measured for chemical properties related to acidification and used to conduct
sulfate adsorption and nitrogen (N) incubation experiments. Shallow soil was higher in acidic and basic ions than deeper soils,
and the mean effective cation exchange capacity was 8.07, 5.06, and 3.57 cmolc kg−1 in the A, Bw, and Cb horizons, respectively. In all three soil horizons, the base saturation was equal to or below 7% and
the ratio of Ca/Al was below 0.01, indicating that the NDW is very sensitive to acid deposition. Based on results from sulfate
adsorption isotherms, the NDW has not reached its maximum sulfate adsorption saturation and is likely able to retain further
additions of sulfate. Desorption of sulfate from NDW soils is expected if sulfate concentrations in soil solution drop below
50 μeq L−1 but is highly dependent on soil pH and organic carbon content. Total soil organic N was 500 times greater than inorganic
N in the A soil horizon, and net N mineralization and nitrification remained constant during a 28-day incubation indicating
a large reservoir of N substrate for soil microbes. Nitrogen experiment results suggest that nitrate export from the watershed
is largely controlled by biological processes rather than by nitrate deposition flux. Soil data collected in this study contributes
to our understanding of biogeochemical processes affecting the response of acid-impacted ecosystems such as the NDW to future
changes in atmospheric deposition. 相似文献
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[目的] 三江源是“中华水塔”和中国重要生态安全屏障。探讨三江源国家公园土壤侵蚀分布规律,为实施生态保护政策及三江源国家公园水土保持与生态文明建设提供依据。[方法] 利用中国土壤流失方程(CSLE)、风力侵蚀模型和冻融侵蚀强度评价模型,采用叠加分析的方法,分析三江源国家公园土壤侵蚀状况及其在不同空间和下垫面的分布特征。[结果] 2020年公园土壤侵蚀面积2.64×104 km2,黄河源园区是土壤侵蚀分布最广泛的园区,而长江源园区土壤侵蚀相对严重;70%的水力侵蚀面积分布在地下冰发育带(海拔4 900 m以上),85%的风力侵蚀面积分布在地下冰发育带以下区域(海拔4 900 m以下),不同海拔高度区域土壤侵蚀及其分布差异显著;坡度5°及以下区域风力侵蚀面积比例达60%,是风力侵蚀相对集中分布区;水力侵蚀相对集中分布在8°~25°区域,水力侵蚀面积比例达75%,均是水土流失综合防治的重点区域;草地面积比例近80%,低覆盖、中低覆盖草地土壤侵蚀相对集中分布,沙地、裸土地的土壤侵蚀问题相对严重,值得重点关注。[结论] 三江源国家公园水力侵蚀主要分布在海拔4 900 m以上地下冰发育带,8°~35°的中低覆盖以下草地,占水力侵蚀面积的2/3左右;风力侵蚀主要集中分布在4 200~4 900 m,≤5°的中覆盖度以下草地。 相似文献
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Soil actinomycetes as potential biofungicides 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. A. Degtyareva K. A. Vinogradova A. V. Aleksandrova V. A. Filonenko P. A. Kozhevin 《Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin》2009,64(2):73-77
The biological control of fungal diseases in plants is considered an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative or supplement to fungicides. Soil antagonistic streptomycetes are particularly suitable for the biological control; they proved to be highly efficient in reducing the incidence of fungal pathogens. Streptomycetes isolated from the podzolic soils were evaluated for the biosuppression of fungal populations. Seventeen strains of streptomycetes (out of the total 279 isolates) were found to be strongly antagonistic to fungal pathogens in vitro and were selected for further experiments in situ. The full protection of plants against Fusarium spp. was obtained with the Streptomyces hygroscopicus strain K49. 相似文献
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During the summer of 1991 ozone injury trend plots in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, consisting of mature black cherry, sassafras and yellow-poplar were established near three ozone monitors, ranging in elevation from 597-1265 m. Beginning in mid-August 1991-1993, three exposed branches each from the upper- and mid- to lower-crown of each tree were collected and evaluated for ozone injury. Of the trees examined, 63%, 52% and 36% exhibited some amount of foliar injury in 1991, 1992 and 1993, respectively. Ozone injury across species was the greatest at Cove Mountain in all three years of the study. Overall, across sites and years, 11, 12 and 11% of all leaves examined exhibited visible injury for black cherry, sassfras and yellow-poplar, respectively. The percentage of injured leaves per branch was greater in the mid- to lower-canopy for black cherry, across all sites. Trees for each species that exhibited the greatest or least amounts of visible injury did so in all three years of the study, indicating a differential sensitivity within each species population. No significant ozone exposure-tree response relationships were observed with any variable tested. These data indicate that ozone concentrations are high enough to cause visible symptoms to selected trees within Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. 相似文献
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Soil organic matter (SOM) is important for plant growth and production. Conventional analyses of SOM are expensive and time consuming. Hyperspectral remote sensing is an alternative approach for SOM estimation. In this study, the diffuse reflectance spectra of soil samples from Qixia City, the Shandong Peninsula, China, were measured with an ASD FieldSpec 3 portable object spectrometer (Analytical Spectral Devices Inc., Boulder, USA). Raw spectral reflectance data were transformed using four methods:nine points weighted moving average (NWMA), NWMA with first derivative (NWMA + FD), NWMA with standard normal variate (NWMA + SNV), and NWMA with min-max standardization (NWMA + MS). These data were analyzed and correlated with SOM content. The evaluation model was established using support vector machine regression (SVM) with sensitive wavelengths. The results showed that NWMA + FD was the best of the four pretreatment methods. The sensitive wavelengths based on NWMA + FD were 917, 991, 1 007, 1 996, and 2 267 nm. The SVM model established with the above-mentioned five sensitive wavelengths was significant (R2=0.875, root mean square error (RMSE)=0.107 g kg-1 for calibration set; R2=0.853, RMSE=0.097 g kg-1 for validation set). The results indicate that hyperspectral remote sensing can quickly and accurately predict SOM content in the brown forest soil areas of the Shandong Peninsula. This is a novel approach for rapid monitoring and accurate diagnosis of brown forest soil nutrients. 相似文献
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南方林业经营措施与土壤侵蚀 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
讲座了采伐、林地清理、整地、幼林抚育、林农复合经营、间伐等森林经营措施对林地土壤侵蚀的影响,指出凡是能降低林地覆盖和对土一状发生负面影响的森林经营措施,均会增加土壤侵蚀,且干扰程度越大,土壤侵蚀严重,特别是在土壤抗蚀性弱和降雨侵蚀力大的地段更为明显。不合理的林木采集和林地清理方式会增加土壤侵蚀,而整地、林抚育、林农复合经营措施采用不当,亦会加剧幼林地土壤侵蚀。为此,应加强传统森林经措施对林地生态系统影响的全面研究,在土壤侵蚀潜在危险性大的地段,应尽量降低经营措施对林地干扰强度,以达到保持水土,维持林地长期生产力的目的。 相似文献
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通天河国家森林公园锐齿栎群落物种组成及群落结构研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用典型样方调查的方法,研究了通天河国家森林公园锐齿栎群落物种组成及群落结构。结果表明:(1)该锐齿栎群落共有植物108种,隶属于46科84属,蕨类植物1科1属,裸子植物1科2属,被子植物44科81属;(2)植物基本上可以分为5个层次,草本层、灌木层、乔木第1亚层、乔木第2亚层和乔木第3亚层,草本层优势种是四叶葎、和尚菜、披针叶茜草,灌木层优势种是悬钩子、卫矛、绣线菊,乔木第一亚层优势种是锐齿栎、云杉和板栗,乔木第二亚层优势种是锐齿栎,乔木第三亚层优势种是锐齿栎;(3)锐齿栎种群径级分布基本上属于多峰型,种群的年龄结构表现为增长型,说明该地区锐齿栎种群处于增长阶段。 相似文献
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气候过渡区的山地森林土壤有机碳对气候波动的响应敏感,探讨气候过渡区森林土壤有机碳的海拔格局,是推演区域土壤碳库时空动态的关键内容。在南亚热带向中亚热带的气候过渡区江西九连山国家级自然保护区,根据不同土壤类型的海拔分布格局,沿海拔采集20个土壤剖面,分析土壤有机碳含量和土壤碳密度的海拔分布格局。结果表明:(1)不同土壤类型和深度均对土壤有机碳含量有影响,山地草甸土有机碳含量更高,达39.72±19.14 g·kg–1,土壤有机碳主要集中在0~40 cm,深度分布表现出"表聚现象";(2)不同层次土壤有机碳含量对海拔的响应方式不一,上层土壤对海拔梯度变化响应更敏感,上层0~40 cm土壤有机碳随海拔升高而增加,下层40~100 cm土壤有机碳含量随海拔升高而降低;(3)土壤碳密度为10.64±0.72 kg·m–2,但不同海拔的土壤碳密度无显著差异。海拔对土壤有机碳含量分布产生影响,但随着土层深度增加,海拔对土壤有机碳含量的影响变小;而海拔对土壤有机碳密度格局无显著影响,并依此估算九连山自然国家级自然保护区森林土壤有机碳储量为1.426±0.09... 相似文献
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华北山地次生林典型森林类型枯落物及土壤水文效应研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
对华北山地次生林区文峪河流域上游6种典型森林类型的枯落物和土壤的水文效应进行了比较研究.结果表明:各典型森林类型枯落物的总蓄积量在6.35~23.32 t/hm2,依次为云杉林云落混交林华北落叶松林油松林油阔单纯交林杨桦林;六种森林类型的最大持水率的变动范围在250.46%~356.47%,有效持水量在14.67~50.85 t/hm2,油松林枯落物水文效应在6类森林类型中表现最差;6种森林类型林下土壤的平均容重和总孔隙度差别不大,变动范围分别在1.006~1.128 g/cm3与57.434%~64.001%.六种类型森林土壤的总持水量在1 618.264~2 685.788 t/hm2,相对持水能力为云落混交林华北落叶松林云杉林油阔混交林杨桦林油松林,而各类型森林土壤的平均稳渗速率几乎没有差异,均在20 min左右稳定在0.24~0.30 mm/min. 相似文献
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采用野外采样调查与实验室分析相结合的方法,对不同旅游干扰强度(High Disturbance,HD;Middle Disturbance,MD;Lower Disturbance,LD)下的湿地公园土壤酶活性及水质进行了研究。结果表明:随旅游干扰强度的增加,土壤蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性均明显降低,MD,HD与对照达到显著差异水平(p < 0.05),而LD与对照未达到显著差异水平(p > 0.05),即轻度旅游干扰对土壤酶活性影响并不大;土壤酶活性垂直分布均表现出明显的“表聚性”,而旅游干扰导致土壤酶活性的“表聚性”趋于消失,并且旅游干扰并没有影响深层(40—60 cm)土壤酶活性;从土壤酶活性的变化幅度来看,土壤蔗糖酶活性和脲酶活性可以作为鄱阳湖湿地公园土壤健康状况的指示指标;随旅游干扰强度的增加,TN,TP,NH4+-N,BOD5,CODCr和高锰酸钾指数均明显增加,TP,NH4+-N增加幅度较大,对旅游干扰表现较为敏感,其中MD,HD水质中TN,TP,NH4+-N,BOD5,CODCr和高锰酸钾指数与对照达到显著差异水平(p < 0.05),表明了旅游干扰降低了鄱阳湖国家湿地公园水质状况,导致其水质出现轻微的富营养化,但轻度旅游干扰对鄱阳湖水质影响并不大。相关分析结果显示鄱阳湖国家湿地公园土壤酶活性与水质状况呈显著或极显著正相关,由此表明旅游干扰条件下,土壤水质状况更大程度上依赖于土壤酶活性。 相似文献
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河北沧州国家农业科技园区发展模式探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国国家农业科技园区从2001年开始建设以来,取得了长足的发展。经过10多年的发展,许多国家农业科技园区成为了区域农业科技创新基地、区域农业新品种新技术新模式的示范基地和先进农业成果的转化基地,为区域粮食增产、农业增效和农民增收作出了重要贡献。但是,不同国家农业科技园区因建设背景、基础条件和发展方向的差异,其存在不同的发展模式,而不同的发展模式均面临一些问题。本文在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,通过分析现有国家农业科技园区的不同发展模式及其存在的问题,结合河北沧州国家农业科技园区总体规划,从建设背景、规划思路、建设目标、功能定位、产业发展分析和功能分区及可实施的发展模式等方面阐述了河北沧州国家农业科技园区的规划思路和发展模式。河北沧州国家农业科技园区的发展模式从组织发展模式、技术运行发展模式和空间布局模式3个方面进行,是以政府引导、协会组织参与和企业(农户)为主体的组织发展模式,以专业合作社、家庭农场和科技示范户为主体的3级并行的技术运行发展模式和以圈层布局模式的核心区、示范区和辐射区的空间布局模式。该园区的组织发展以政府为主导、协会和企业参与成立园区管委会,制定相应的政策,负责园区统一规划、建设和经营。在技术运行方面,通过科技创新园研发和引进先进技术成果然后通过技术站、基地站和科技特派员对专业合作社、家庭农场、科技示范户等不同经营主体进行技术培训和示范推广。最后建立以南皮渤海粮仓试验示范区为核心区,整个沧州市为示范区,环渤海河北、山东、辽宁和天津"三省一市"的辐射区空间布局。 相似文献