黏虫微量筛选方法的研究

用微量筛选方法和常规筛选方法筛选24种商品药剂,结果表明常规筛选出线的药剂要在微量筛选浓度下出线,活性必须达到C级。又分别用2种方法筛选了24个新化合物,结果表明,常规筛选出线的化合物在微量筛选时仍能出线,证实了100mg/L浓度下活性为C级的微量筛选出线标准是可行的。     

一种饲养效果更佳的甜菜夜蛾人工饲料

在已报道的一种甜菜夜蛾人工饲料配方基础上 ,通过进一步添加 5种微量营养成分和减少 50 %的干酪素用量 ,筛选出了另一个饲养效果更佳的甜菜夜蛾人工饲料配方。饲养结果表明 ,所选饲料配方不仅保持了原饲料配方饲养效率高、产卵量多、幼虫发育历期短的特点 ,而且克服了原饲料随继代数增加 ,卵孵化率下降的缺点 ,显著延缓了甜菜夜蛾室内种群的衰退。目前 ,该饲料已在甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒杀虫剂工厂化生产中应用。     

甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒等药剂对玉米草地贪夜蛾的田间防效初探

草地贪夜蛾是今年新侵入我国的世界性重大农业害虫,主要为害玉米等作物,给我国玉米等粮食作物生产安全带来巨大隐患。为筛选防治草地贪夜蛾的安全高效药剂,设计并开展此试验。试验结果表明15%甲维·茚虫威悬浮剂20mL/667m 2+激健助剂15mL/667m 2、15%甲维·茚虫威悬浮剂20mL/667m 2、6%氯虫苯甲酰胺·阿维菌素悬浮剂50mL/667m 2、10亿孢子/mL甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂100mL/667m 2+3%甲维盐微乳剂25mL/667m 2、3%甲维盐微乳剂50、25mL/667m 2、3%甲维·虱螨脲悬浮剂100mL/667m 2、5%阿维菌素乳油50mL/667m 2、10亿孢子/mL甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂150mL/667m 2均能较好防治玉米草地贪夜蛾,药后7d防效均在79.4%以上,药后14d防效均在80.59%以上,可作为防治玉米草地贪夜蛾的优选应急用药措施。     

阿维菌素和氟虫腈对粘虫的毒杀作用比较

测试比较了γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体毒剂阿维菌素、氟虫腈对粘虫的生物活性及体内GABA和谷氨酸(Glu)含量的影响。结果表明,阿维菌素对粘虫5龄幼虫的LD50为0.072 μg/头,而氟虫腈则为8.920 μg/头;阿维菌素的中毒症状分为麻痹期和死亡期,而氟虫腈的中毒症状可以明显地分为兴奋、痉挛、昏迷和死亡4个阶段。两种药剂均会造成试虫体内GABA和Glu代谢异常,其中阿维菌素可致Glu含量增加约1.8倍,使GABA的含量降低,在深度麻痹期仅为对照的71.3%;而氟虫腈可使Glu的含量先增加,在痉挛期达到对照的1.2倍,后降低至与对照同一水平,GABA则先保持不变,但粘虫昏迷后GABA含量降至对照的76.7%。     

黏虫几丁质酶MsCHT7基因的克隆、表达及蜕皮激素的调控

几丁质酶是几丁质水解的关键酶,在昆虫生长发育中具有重要作用。本试验通过高通量转录组测序获得黏虫几丁质酶基因cDNA序列MsCHT7（GenBank登录号MG551526）。cDNA全长3360 bp,包含一个长度为2970 bp的开放阅读框,编码989个氨基酸,具有1个糖苷水解酶18家族高度保守序列,2个Glyco_18催化结构域和1个几丁质结合结构域ChtBD2。通过基因表达水平研究发现,黏虫MsCHT7基因在不同发育阶段和不同组织中均有表达,且具有差异性。预蛹期和表皮MsCHT7基因表达量最大,蛹期最后1 d和成虫表达量较高,且幼虫各龄期最后1 d表达量均高于第1 d表达量。20E（20-羟基蜕皮酮）处理幼虫后,不同时间点MsCHT7基因表达量存在显著差异,在1～24 h基因表达量随时间逐渐升高,24 h时最高,之后表达量迅速降低。4种不同浓度20E处理后,MsCHT7基因表达量存在一定差异,当浓度为10 μg/μL时,MsCHT7基因表达量最大。通过生物学观察发现,不同浓度20E处理后5龄幼虫蜕皮时间均提前。由于MsCHT7基因表达量受蜕皮激素调控,MsCHT7可能在黏虫蜕皮过程中发挥一定作用。     

昆虫病原真菌防控草地贪夜蛾的现状、问题与展望

草地贪夜蛾是世界性重大农业害虫,危害大、防控难。昆虫病原真菌菌种资源丰富,具有易流行、害虫不易产生抗性等突出优点,在草地贪夜蛾防控中应用潜力大。本文综述了昆虫病原真菌在草地贪夜蛾防治中的现状,分析了存在的问题,重点指出了昆虫病原真菌在草地贪夜蛾防治中的发展方向,为进一步发挥昆虫病原真菌在草地贪夜蛾防控中的作用提供参考。     

Applications of sugar solutions to maize,and the impact of natural enemies on Fall Armyworm

Abstract

Natural enemy abundance and impact on fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), populations were compared in sugar-treated and water-treated maize fields in Honduras. Counts of natural enemy abundance were made immediately after and also 1 week following sugar applications. Higher numbers of natural enemies were found in sugar-treated maize than in maize treated with water alone. The most abundant species were Solenopsis geminata (F.) (Hymenoptera; Formicidae), Lespesia archippivora (Riley) (Diptera; Tachinidae) and Doru taeniatum (Dorhn) (Dermaptera; Forficulidae). Of these species, S. geminata and L. archippivora showed consistently higher numbers in sugar-treated maize than in water-trated maize. Coccinellids were also consistently concentrated in sugar-treated maize, although they were not as abundant as either S. geminata and L. archippivora . In sugartreated maize, average leaf area damaged by fall armyworm was reduced by 35% and average fall armyworm infestation rates were 18% lower. These findings suggest that applications of sugar to maize can concentrate natural enemies and that these natural enemies reduce fall armyworm populations and damage.     

Fourth Conference of West African Cocoa Entomologists,Legon, December 1974

Abstract

Hollow‐fibre, laminate‐flake and microencapsulated formulations of the synthetic sex pheromone (Z,Z) and (Z,E)‐7–11‐hexadecadienyl acetate of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) were applied aerially in large scale trials in the Delta region of Egypt in 1985. 100 ha blocks of cotton were treated at regular intervals throughout the season as the only means of controlling the pest and compared with a 100 ha block of cotton sited in the same locality which was treated aerially with conventional insecticide spray applications. Comparisons of numbers of infested bolls, open boll counts and yields of seed cotton showed that adequate levels of control were achieved with all three pheromone formulations which were at least as effective as the insecticide sprays. The costs of the pheromone formulations and their aerial application also compared favourably with the insecticide programme. Greater numbers of beneficial insects were recorded in the pheromone‐treated areas than in the insecticide treated area.     

Organochlorine residues in aquatic environments in Iran, 1974.

Organochlorine pesticide residues in various organisms from different aquatic ecosystems in Iran were investigated in spring 1974. DDT levels were high in fish taken from two rivers in southern Iran, whereas low levels were detected in samples obtained from a freshwater lake in the same area. Fish from two of the reservoirs supplying Tehran with potable water contained moderate levels of DDT. The low residue level in pike collected in the Bandar-Pahlavi Mordab in northwest Iran indicates that only a small amount of organochlorine pesticides used in this area enters the pelagic food chain. Sturgeon collected at different places in the Caspian Sea showed similar accumulations of DDT in the muscles and in the eggs. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected only in samples of sediment from the drainage systems in Tehran.     

草地贪夜蛾的天敌昆虫资源、应用现状及存在的问题与建议

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda（J.E.Smith）是原产于美洲热带和亚热带地区的重大农业害虫,具有迁飞快、寄主广、繁殖强、为害重、适生力强等特点。自2019年初入侵我国以来,现已蔓延到我国21个省（市、自治区）,草地贪夜蛾将在我国定殖并呈现周年常态化发生态势,对我国玉米产业的发展构成严重威胁。本文综述了草地贪夜蛾的国内外寄生性和捕食性天敌昆虫及其应用情况,并就我国天敌昆虫产业发展的现状和存在的问题提出了建议,以期为应用天敌昆虫防控草地贪夜蛾提供参考。     

Working Group on Genetical Methods of Pest Control,Bucharest, September, 1974

Abstract

Treating maize seed and cowpea seed with activated carbon or naphthalic anhydride permitted highly selective and economic early control of grasses and some broadleaved weeds with respectively EPTC and linuron and EPTC and chloramben. Without protectant every herbicide treatment produced less crop yield than with protectant. Early season control of grasses with herbicides followed by one row-cultivation controlled weeds throughout the crop.