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V. A. Awoderu 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):416-424
Abstract The two major fungal diseases of rice in Nigeria are rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) and brown spot (Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Ito and Kuribayashi) Dreschler ex Dastur). The loss in grain yield attributable to these diseases ranges from 11.5–39.6% and 12–43% respectively, Mancozeb, blasticidin-S, fentin hydroxide, benomyl and edifenphos as foliar sprays effectively control rice blast in the laboratory and field. Brown spot is controlled by spraying with thiram, mancozeb or blasticidin-S. A more useful approach to the control of these diseases being adopted in Nigeria is the search for horizontally resistant varieties. Other fungal diseases of rice in Nigeria are the green smut (Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Tak.), basal sheath rot (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn), sheath blight (Corticium sasakii (Shirai), Matsumoto.), leaf scald (Rhynchosporium oryzae Hashioka and Yokogi), narrow brown leaf spot (Cercospora oryzae Miyake) and bakanae disease, a foot rot caused by Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon. Two suspected cases of virus diseases have been reported; grassy stunt disease (transmitted by Nilaparvata lugens Stal.), and orange leaf disease (transmitted by Inazuma dorsalis (Motschulsky). No bacterial disease of rice has been found in Nigeria. 相似文献
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稻田轮作对水稻病、虫、草害的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目前南方大部分稻田采用连作耕作制度,并且滥用农药现象严重,这对农田生态环境造成极其不利的影响。为探讨稻田轮作对减轻稻田病、虫、草害的生态作用,本试验以长期水稻连作为对照,根据14年田间定位试验,详细研究了稻田轮作对水稻病、虫、草害的影响。结果表明,稻田轮作在一定程度上能减轻稻田水稻的病虫草害。稻田轮作处理的早稻纹枯病发病率平均比连作处理低10%,病情指数低0.4%;晚稻纹枯病的病株率平均比连作处理低17.7%,病情指数低13.3%。轮作处理的早晚稻稻曲病的病株率和病情指数也都低于连作处理。轮作处理所受虫害比连作处理要轻,轮作稻纵卷叶螟造成的白叶率和二化螟造成的白叶率明显低于连作。轮作处理的杂草生长情况比连作处理弱。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were obtained from rice in India during 2000-2003. Characterization by conventional techniques and polymerase chain reaction showed that from 110 isolates, 99 were R. solani and 11 were R. oryzae-sativae. Of 99 isolates identified as R. solani, 96 were AG1-IA, 1 was AG1-IB, and 2 were AG1-IC. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyzes were used to determine genetic relationships in Rhizoctonia pathogen populations collected from different geographic regions. Cluster analysis based on the AFLP data separated isolates belonging to the three different intraspecific groups of R. solani AG1 and differentiated R. solani from R. oryzae-sativae. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that geographic region was the dominant factor determining population structure of R. solani AG1-1A; host cultivar had no significant effect. Pathogenicity tests on Oryza sativa cv. Zenith revealed that isolates of R. solani AG1-1A and AG1-1B were more virulent than R. solani AG1-IC and R. oryzae-sativae isolates. 相似文献
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为了保证对农田生态和稻米食用安全,降低用药成本,2011年在叙永县实施了水稻重大病虫害组合用药技术示范。示范结果表明:在水稻分蘖末期施用拜耳组合药剂氟虫双酰胺.阿维菌素100克/升悬浮剂30mL/667m2+肟菌.戊唑醇75%水分散粒剂10g/667m2、孕穗末期施用拜耳组合药剂吡虫啉70%水分散粒剂4g/667m2+肟菌.戊唑醇75%水分散粒剂15g/667m2,对水稻重大病虫害(二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、白背飞虱、稻瘟病、纹枯病)防效表现较好,平均防效可达88.76%。该组合药剂高效低毒,可以在叙永县作为防治水稻重大病虫害药剂推广应用。 相似文献
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本文对上高县2014年早稻纹枯病、稻瘟病、二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟和稻飞虱这几类水稻主要病虫害在防治与不防治条件下进行了田间试验对比,对不同处理病虫情况及产量情况进行调查,对防治效益进行了评估。结果表明,完全不防治产量损失最大,单一病虫害中纹枯病损失最大,其次是稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱、二化螟和稻瘟病;完全不防治的效益损失最大,单一病虫害中纹枯病损失效益最大,其次是稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱、二化螟和稻瘟病。2014年上半年雨水多,湿度大,造成纹枯病重发生,稻纵卷叶螟和稻飞虱中等发生,二化螟和稻瘟病轻发生。 相似文献
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Satoko?Kusumoto Titik N.?Aeny Subli?Mujimu Cipto?Ginting Takashi?Tsuge Shinji?Tsuyumu Yuichi?Takikawa
Since 1991, the sudden death of cultivated banana plants has been widely observed in the southern region of Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Wilting from loss of petiole and midrib turgidity, yellowing, and necrosis of leaves was followed by death of the whole plant. Reddish brown bacterial ooze exuded from the cut surface of infected pseudostems and fruits. The colony appearance of the isolated bacterium was similar to that of Ralstonia solanacearum. The bacterium was pathogenic to banana plants but not to tomato. Its bacteriological properties agreed with those of blood disease bacterium (BDB) of banana described previously. The 16S rDNA sequence of strain Banana E had conserved bases characteristic of BDB. Based on these results, the causal agent was identified as BDB, which is a close relative of Ralstonia. The isolates have resistance against antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol and tetracycline.The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession number AB095535 相似文献
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今年,是促进粮食增产、农业增效、农民增收及贯彻落实全省种子、植保电视电话会议精神的一年。中稻病虫害防治工作好坏直接影响粮食增产和农民增收,而全县1.06万hm^2中稻经受了多种病虫害并发、多发、局部暴发的考验。在省、市农业部门指导下,县委、县政府高度重视病虫害防治工作,始终把病虫害防治工作当作指导农村工作的大事来抓.农业部门不放松每一个病虫防治环节,抓调查,抓预测预报,抓防治指导,抓检查督办,使全县中稻病虫为害基本控制在《责任状》允许范围之内,确保了中稻生产安全,据初步预测,今年中稻产量达1.8亿斤左右,比上年增产1000万斤。 相似文献
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病虫害是威胁我国水稻安全生产的重要因素之一。但从宏观上研究其发生与为害特征的报告不多。基于我国植物保护统计数据、水稻产量数据和农田土地覆盖类型遥感数据,重点分析2000年至2010年11年期间我国水稻病虫害发生与为害特征。结果表明:2000年到2010年期间,我国水稻病害、虫害年均发生面积分别为2.85亿亩次和7.26亿亩次,其年均防治面积分别为7.28亿亩次和14.72亿亩次;11年期间水稻病虫害的发生面积、发生程度、防治面积和防治程度均波动增加。防治水稻病害、虫害后,分别挽回稻谷为1114.49万t、2288.27万t,其挽回损失量在11年期间分别增加了38.34%、37.51%,表明水稻病虫害防治意义重大。但由于气候变化等诸多因子,导致2000年到2010年我国水稻病害、虫害年均造成的实际稻谷损失量仍分别为206.52万t与291.35万t,说明水稻病虫害的防控还有提升的空间。从全国各省分布来看,水稻病虫害发生分布较广的省份有东北区域的黑龙江、吉林、辽宁;华东区域的山东、江苏、安徽、江西;华中区域的河南、湖北、湖南;华南区域的广西、海南;西南区域的四川。为有效地防止或减少病虫害对水稻产量的损失,应加强全球变化下区域性稻田生态系统病虫害生态调控研究,建立相应的防控新对策与技术体系。 相似文献
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