新疆棉区使用病毒杀虫剂防治棉铃虫的试验示范

在干燥和长日照的新疆棉区,使用棉铃虫核多角体病毒制剂,经小区试验和大面积示范,每亩10×10~(10)PIB,喷雾一次,防治棉铃虫,均获得较好效果。与化学农药相比:虫口下降率虽不如菊酯区,但蛀铃率接近,经T测验,差异不显著。     

Occurrence of two localMegastigmus species parasitic on the eucalyptus gall waspLeptocybe invasa in Israel and Turkey

Two localMegastigmus species were found to be parasitoids on the invasive Eucalyptus gall waspLeptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle in Turkey and Israel.Megastigmus sp, from Israel is a larval and pupal parasitoid ofL. Invasa. Both species are biparental. Features showing morphological differences between them are presented. The biology, distribution and potential efficiency as biological control agents are discussed.     

两种葫芦科病毒的分子检测和致病性研究

 小西葫芦黄化花叶病毒(ZYMV)和黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)是浙江及其周边地区侵染葫芦科植物最主要的病毒种类。本文通过RT-PCR和基因克隆,获得了侵染南瓜的CMV杭州分离物(HZ01S10)的3'端序列,通过CP氨基酸序列同源性分析,确定其属于CMV亚组I;分别以³²P标记的ZYMV和CMV基因组cDNA作为探针,用RNA点杂交方法定点检测了浙江地区自然感病的葫芦科作物中以上2种病毒的发生情况。ZYMV和CMV在葫芦科作物上的发生表现出显著的季节性差异:夏季CMV发生普遍,只有部分南瓜和甜瓜感染ZYMV;ZYMV则主要发生在秋季,同一时期未检测到CMV。此外,幼苗期接种试验显示:以上2种病毒对西葫芦(早青一代)、丝瓜(中长)、黄瓜(津绿4号)的致病性存在明显差异,供试西葫芦对ZYMV比较敏感,供试丝瓜对CMV更敏感,而供试黄瓜品种对以上2种病毒均表现抗病。复合侵染在丝瓜和西葫芦上加重病害发生程度。     

西双版纳自然保护区不同生境虫生细脚棒束孢生态分布及发生规律

为弄清西双版纳热带雨林自然保护区不同生境中虫生细脚棒束孢的分布规律和季节变化规律,为害虫生防真菌资源利用及生防制剂开发提供依据。本试验对西双版纳自然保护区石灰岩山季雨林不同海拔地带、热带季雨林、季风常绿阔叶林、热带丛生竹林、暖热性针叶林5种不同生境中细脚棒束孢进行了系统调查和研究,并对标本进行形态学和分子鉴定。结果显示,在5种不同生境中,共采集到细脚棒束孢标本1061株,其主要分布于石灰岩山地雨林低海拔和中海拔地带,分别有272和267株,相对丰度分别为25.64%和25.16%;其次是季风常绿阔叶林和石灰岩山季雨林高海拔地带,分别有179和150株,相对丰度分别为16.87%和14.14%;分布相对较少的为热带丛生竹林和热带季雨林,分别有96和94株,相对丰度分别为9.05%和8.86%。暖热性针叶林分布最少仅3株,相对丰度为0.28%。从同一生境的石灰岩山地雨林不同海拔分布来看,细脚棒束孢主要分布于低海拔和中海拔,而高海拔相对较少。从季节性分布和发生规律来看,西双版纳自然保护区细脚棒束孢的流行期为降水量较少的凉雾季10月至次年1月和干热季节3月至5月。该研究将为热带雨林生态系统细脚棒束孢分布多样性及资源利用提供一定理论依据。     

增效剂Pbo、TPP对田间棉铃虫抗性种群增效作用研究

对西华田间棉铃虫种群，Ｐｂｏ能显著地增加氰戊菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、灭多威的毒力，大幅度地降低其致死中量，ＴＰＰ对两种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂也能表现一定的增效作用；对甲基对硫磷、甲胺磷，无论是Ｐｂｏ还是ＴＰＰ其增效作用均十分有限。增效剂对杀虫剂的增效效果与棉铃虫对该杀虫剂的抗性水平及其主导抗性机制密切相关。     

90年代苏北沿海稻区褐稻虱发生特点及暴发原因分析

本文总结了苏北沿海稻区90年代褐稻虱的发生特点及暴发原因。     

三种增效剂对棉铃虫增效作用

用３个不同地区的棉铃虫田间种群分别测定了３种增效剂对３种杀虫剂的增效作用。结果表明ＰＢ对氯氟氰菊酯,ＤＥＦ对辛硫磷,ＰＢ和ＴＰＰ对灭多威增效较好,而且棉铃虫的抗性水平越高,增效剂的增效作用越突出。     

棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂生物学特性及田间控制作用研究

棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂在河南新乡棉区年发生约8代,以6个世代发生在棉田,其中4个世代与棉铃虫低龄幼虫发生期吻合。田间出现4个寄生高峰,分别在5月中旬、6月中下旬,7月底至8月初,8月底至9月初,寄生率平均在19.2～42.9％,以一、二代棉铃虫期的寄生率较高,齿唇姬蜂对3龄前棉铃虫幼虫的总寄生率平均为23.7％,最高达40.0％,占整个世代总寄生数的71.3％。该蜂是豫北棉铃虫寄生性天敌中的优势种。成蜂对菊酯类农药敏感。     

赤眼蜂防治线辣椒烟青虫试验示范

在1600亩面积上试验,放蜂区烟青虫卵寄生率65～75％;百株残虫控制在1头左右;角果被害率压低到0.6～0.8;增产10～15％,干椒成品率提高15％;生防费用比化学农药费用障低75％。     

增效剂的增效作用与棉铃虫抗药性水平之间的关系研究

以不同抗药性水平的棉铃虫三龄幼虫试虫，分别测定增效磷（ＳＶ１），八氯二丙醚（Ｓ２）月桂氮Ｚｕｏ酮（ＤＣ），ＩＳ－９６１对久效磷（ｍｏｎｏｃｒｏｔｏｐｈｏｓ）灭多威（ｍｅｔｈｏｍｙｌ），氰戊菊酯（ｆｅｎｖａｌｅｒａｔｅ）的增效作用，结果表明：４种增效剂的增效作用，除与被测定药剂种类有关外，还与棉铃虫抗药性水平密切相关，其增效作用一般随抗性水平的提高而增加，但增加的幅度低于抗药性提高的幅度。     

三突花蛛对棉铃虫幼虫的捕食功能反应及其数学模拟的初步研究

1988年在实验室内人工条件下,对三突花蛛捕食棉铃虫幼虫的功能反应进行了初步研究。三突花蛛的捕食功能反应是随猎物密度的增加而增大,而随其自身密度的增加而减少,随两者密度的增加,相互干扰越显著,捕食作用效应下降。建立了参数方程和模拟模型。该参数方程能在一定程度上描述雌成蛛对棉铃虫初孵幼虫至3龄幼虫的捕食作用。     

Weed Research in the Central Laboratory of Plant Protection in Cuba

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WEED CONTROL. R. J. Stephens. Science in Horticulture Series. Macmillan, London, 1982. ISBN 0 333 21294 0. Pp.215. Price (paperback) £8.95.

OIL PALM DISEASES AND DISORDERS. P. D. Turner. Oxford University Press, Selangor, Malaysia, 1981. ISBN 0 19 580468 6. Pp. 280.

MAJOR WEEDS OF RICE IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA. K. Moody. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, 1981. Pp. 79.

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ‐ A WORLD CATALOGUE OF AGENTS AND THEIR TARGET WEEDS. Edited by M. H. Julien. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, UK, 1982. ISBN 0 85198 494 0. Pp 108. Price £8.

COMPENDIUM OF SOYBEAN DISEASES. Second Edition. Edited by J. B. Sinclair. Amercian Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1982. Pp. 104. Price US $12.00.

FIELD WORKER EXPOSURE DURING PESTICIDE APPLICATION. Edited by W. F. Tordoir and E. A. H. van Heemstra. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1980. ISBN 0 444 41879 2. Pp. 208. Price US $45.00.

EDUCATION AND SAFE HANDLING IN PESTICIDE APPLICATION. Edited by E. A. H. van Heemstra and W. F. Tordoir. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1982. ISBN 0 444 42041 X. Pp. 302. Price US $69.75.

LES PRINCIPAUX ENNEMIS DES CULTURES MARAICHERES AU SENEGAL E. F. Collingwood, L. Bourdouxhe and M. Defrancq. Centre pour le Developpement de ('Horticulture, Dakar, 1982.     

Effects of Treatment of Banana Corms with a Systemic Nematicide

Abstract

Unpared banana corms were dipped in 300 ppm Nemacur P^* for 10 min, 600 ppm for 5 min, and 1200 ppm for 5 s. Pared corms were dipped in 600 ppm for 5 min. Plants from pared corms were slower in growth and gave lower yields than plants from unpared corms. Retardation of growth was observed in plants from corms dipped in 300 ppm for 10 min, and from treated, pared corms, suggesting phytotoxic effects of Nemacur P at these rates of application. No phytotoxic effects were noted in the 600 ppm dip of unpared corms, or with the 1200 ppm dip. The 1200 ppm dip, and 600 ppm dip of pared corms were not effective in controlling nematodes. Best nematode control was obtained from dipping unpared corms in 600 ppm Nemacur P.     

Chemical Control of Phalaris minor and Avena ludoviciana in Wheat

Abstract

In field experiments conducted at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 1973–74 and 1974–75, pre-emergence application (one day after sowing) of methabenzthiazuron (1.05 kg a.i./ha), metoxuron (1.6 kg a.i./ha) and chlortoluron (0.75 kg a.i./ha) gave effective control of Phalaris minor and Avena ludoviciana in wheat without any phytotoxic effect on the crop. Methabenzthiazuron, metoxuron and chlortoluron gave 1410, 1420 and 1090 kg/ha, respectively, more grain than the unweeded crop and 590, 600 and 270 kg/ha more than the crop hand-weeded twice. Nitrofen (1.25 kg a.i./ha) applied pre-emergence was effective against P. minor only and gave substantial increase in grain yield. Terbutryne, dichlormate and linuron, while effective against P. minor, also had a phytotoxic effect on the crop.     

Herbicide Performance in Rainfed Cabbage

Abstract

The effectiveness of butralin (2.0 and 4.0 kg a.i./ha pre-plant, 2.0 and 4.0 kg a.i./ha pre-em), chlorthal-dimethyl (10.0 and 12.0 kg a.i./ha pre-em), trifluralin (0.6 and 1.1 kg a.i./ha pre-plant) chloramben (2.0 kg a.i./ha pre-em) and nitrofen (2.0 kg a.i./ha pre-em) in controlling weeds in transplanted ‘Kono Cross’ cabbage and the influence of these treatments on the yield and quality of marketable heads and on the economics of weed control were evaluated in three replicated field experiments on River Estate loam soil in Trinidad during the wet seasons of 1976 and 1977. While herbicides did not affect the size of the cabbage plant population or the date to maturity of the crops, they reduced the cost of weed control by over 30% and increased the net returns relative to the clean-weeded control by over 9%. Butralin at 4.0 kg a.i./ha pre-plant and pre-em and the trifluralin treatments were superior to nitrofen which gave good weed control up to five weeks and higher yields than the clean-weeded control. Chlorthal-dimethyl gave encouraging results but caused slight, temporary stunting. The application of one of these treatments followed by one hand weeding at about four weeks should give full-season weed control and an acceptable yield of marketable heads with increased financial returns. Chloramben was the least effective herbicide tested and its use may not be justified under similar conditions to those of this study.     

斜纹夜蛾微粒子虫的初步研究

斜纹夜蛾三龄幼虫每头接种2.5×10~4个微粒子虫Nosema liturae孢子时儿乎全部死于幼虫期。但孢子经4℃贮藏1年则致病力显著下降,每头三龄幼虫接种3.15×10~6孢子时仍右35%的病虫可羽化,但罹病成虫寿命和繁殖力均下降。微粒子虫对棉铃虫三龄幼虫的ID_(50)和LC_(50)分別为143.4孢子/幼虫和1.27×10~6孢子/ml。在4×10~7孢子/幼虫接种时LT_(50)为5.5天。棉铃虫三龄幼虫每头接种2×10~7-1×10~6孢子时产孢量最高,约为1.1×10~(10)孢子/虫。五龄幼虫期为最佳收获孢子期。     

菊芋叶片提取物对棉铃虫生长发育的影响

首次尝试用石油醚、乙醚、乙酸乙酯和水等4种溶剂对菊芋叶片进行平行提取,以棉铃虫(Heliothis armigeraHübner)为供试昆虫,应用饲喂称重法测定菊芋叶片不同溶剂提取物对其生长发育的影响。结果表明:菊芋叶片水提取物处理的棉铃虫幼虫体重与对照相比差异不显著;各有机溶剂提取物处理的幼虫体重均显著比对照低;从第3天至第7天,各有机溶剂提取物处理的幼虫体重之间差异显著;各有机溶剂处理的校正死亡率差异显著,但以乙酸乙酯提取物死亡率为最高,达45.83%;各有机溶剂处理的幼虫期比对照延长了3～5 d,化蛹率最低仅为36.67%;各处理蛹重也显著小于对照。