巴郎山川滇高山栎灌丛地上生物量及其对海拔梯度的响应

采用标准地和样方收获法,对卧龙自然保护区5个海拔高度上18个样地的川滇高山栎灌丛生物量进行调查.结果表明:1)用地径(D)、树高(H)估测单株木各器官生物量的适合模型为指数模型和幂函数模型,指数模型最佳,相关系数0.941～0.998;而用D2H估测单株木各器官生物量的适合模型为直线和指数模型,直线模型最佳,相关系数0.982～0.996;2)川滇高山栎灌丛群落地上部分总生物量为25.22 t·hm-2,各层生物量排序为川滇高山栎灌木层＞枯枝落叶层＞伴生灌木＞苔藓层＞草本层,其生物量占总生物量的百分率分别为72.20%、23.71%、1.80%、1.66%和0.63%;3)川滇高山栎灌木种群平均总生物量为18.21 t·hm-2,各器官生物量大小为干＞枝＞叶＞皮,分别占总生物量的43.28%、26.88%、19.82%和10.02%.海拔2 720～2 920 m地带川滇高山栎灌木干、枝、叶、皮的生物量比例约为4:3:2:1;海拔3 020～3 120 m地带川滇高山栎灌木干、枝、叶、皮的生物量比例约为4:2:2:1.4)随着海拔升高,川滇高山栎优势单株地径、高度及生物量呈减小趋势.海拔2 720～2 920 m处,川滇高山栎灌木地上部分各器官生物量呈纺锤形分布,集中分布在株干高2.0～3.0 m处,约占总量的60%～70%;在海拔3 020～3120 m处或低海拔的干旱生境,川滇高山栎种群地上部分器官生物量呈金字塔形分布,个体地上部分生物量分布随树干的升高而降低,集中分布在0～1.0 m处,占总生物量的60%以上,0.0～2.0 m处的生物量占总生物量的94%～99%.     

千烟洲试验站几种常见灌木生物量估测

通过测量地径、株高和冠幅3个测树因子以及枝、叶、根的干重,利用SPSS的回归分析方法,比较了线性模型、相对生长模型、对数模型和多项式模型4种模型共22个方程,分析了盐肤木、白檀、满树星、长叶冻绿4种灌木的生物量模型,认为:地径、树高和冠幅可作为很好的测树因子来估测灌木生物量,其中以地径作为单一因子也可以达到较好的估测精度。     

千烟洲灌木生物量模型研究

采用模型分析法研究了千烟洲试验站白马骨、美丽胡枝子、三叶赤楠、黄栀子四种灌木生物量与地径D、高度H、冠幅C的相关关系。对灌木树种生物量的相对生长研究表明：W=a＋b（D^2H）＋c（D^2H）^2、W=a（D^2H）b、W=a＋bD＋cC＋dH、w=a＋b（CV）＋c（CV）^2可较好地描述灌木树种个体总生物量、枝生物量、叶生物量及根生物量与各形态因子的相关关系。在群落学调查中测定灌木生物量时，利用投影体积CV构建的生物量模型W=a＋b（CV）＋c（CV）^2、W=a（CV）b可用来估算四种灌木的总生物量及各器官生物量。     

11年生云南松人工林的林木器官生物量及含水率分布规律分析

在宜良禄丰村林场尖山林区,以11年生1m×2m×5m非均匀密度造林的云南松人工林为对象,调查其胸径、树高等生长指标,测定林木各器官和圆盘生物量,探讨其林分结构、林木器官生物量和含水量分布规律。结果表明,11年生云南松人工林林分平均胸径为9.9cm,8cm、10cm和12cm径阶的林木占总株数的82.1%,不同径阶株数频率及其胸高断面积比呈正态分布,各径阶平均单株胸高断面积两两间呈现极显著的差异(P0.01)。树干、侧枝、针叶和球果的生物量分别占全株的62.8%、22.8%、14.1%和0.2%,树干、侧枝和针叶的含水率相近,约达生物量鲜重的60%。树干从地径至梢头,每2m区分段的生物量两两间随树高增高呈现极显著的降低(P0.01),其断面高的含水量随树干增高逐渐增大。11年生云南松人工林的林木进入速生期,尖削度较大,应开展修枝等抚育。     

广东天井山27 a生杉木人工林地上生物量研究

采用标准木法对广东省天井山林场27 a生杉木人工林的地上生物量进行实测,采用胸径(D)、树高(H)参数建立了生物量回归模型,研究该人工林地上总生物量(AGB)在森林各层次及各器官中的分配规律。结果表明:(1)与以单一胸径为自变量相比,树高的引入并没有显著提高方程的预测精度;乔木层地上总生物量(Wa)、树干生物量(Ws)可选用二次方程、三次方程或幂函数来拟合,而树皮生物量(Wbark)、枝叶生物量(Wb+l)以多项式模型效果好;(2)地上平均总生物量为141.02 t/hm2,乔木、灌木、草本和凋落物层分别占95.20%,0.27%,0.33%和4.20%,乔木层生物量(134.25 t/hm2)中树干、枝叶、树皮分别占81.77%,10.79%和7.43%;(3)乔木层的立木密度在各径阶的分布为高斯正态分布,但生物量为偏态分布,大径阶比小径阶分配更多的生物量。     

海南岛林下灌木层和草本层生物量估测方法的研究

该研究通过在海南岛建立140个不同森林类型的样地,分别调查乔木层、灌木层和草本层的生物量,使用线性函数、对数函数、多项式函数、幂函数、指数函数5种函数来研究灌木层与乔木层生物量、草本层与乔木层生物量的关系。结果表明:灌木层与乔木层生物量的最适模型为多项式模型:Y=5.4457-0.0264*X+0.00005*X*X(R2=0.437);草本层与乔木层生物量相关性较小,5种模型的相关系数均小于0.1,海南林下草本层的生物量的估算可以使用其平均数参数0.45t/hm2。     

西藏色季拉山杜鹃群落生物量调查分析

在实地踏查色季拉山西被杜鹃群落的基础上,选择具有代表性的地段,从山脚到山顶按海拔梯度设置4个10m×10m样地,对林木进行每木检尺,测定树高、冠幅、基径等指标,记录样地海拔、小地形、坡向、坡位、坡度等因子,选择标准木进行取样,采用维量分析法分别就灌木生物量、草本生物量进行调查,进而分析西藏色季拉山杜鹃群落生物量。     

山西省2种常见灌木生物量预测模型研究

以2013年全国林业碳汇计量监测体系建设碳汇专项调查中的连翘、黄刺玫数据为基础,以灌木地径(D)、高度(H)、冠幅(C)、地径与株高乘积(DH)、地径平方与株高乘积(D²H)、冠幅面积[A=π(C/2)²]、冠幅体积(V=AH)为自变量,以生物量为因变量,通过数理统计的回归分析方法,建立生物量预测模型。结果表明,连翘以地径平方与株高乘积(D²H)为自变量的三次函数估测模型最优,方程式为W=220.538+154.166(D²H)+1.491(D²H)³;黄刺玫以冠幅体积(V)为自变量的三次函数估测模型最优,方程式为W=277.428+0.001V-(8.73E-10)V²+(1.75E-16)V³。从精度检验的结果来看(R_S<30%,R_M.A<20%),该模型可以用来推算、预测灌木生物量。     

观光木人工林生物量及生产力研究

对广西南宁良凤江国家森林公园27年生的观光木生物量和生产力进行测定研究,分析观光木人工林不同径阶生物量的分配规律和林分生物量、生产力,并根据林木各器官之间的相关关系,建立D2H与各器官生物量的估测模型。结果表明,观光木生物量随着径阶的增大而增大,不同径阶间差异显著;通过不同径阶D2H拟合的生物量估算模型,拟合精度高,可用于实际生产对该林分生物量的估算;观光木林分生物量为102.57 t/hm2,其中乔木层占了87.07%,林下灌木层、草本层及腐殖质层生物量分别为8.61 t/hm2、1.83 t/hm2、2.82 t/hm2。观光木人工林林分生产力为7.4 t/(hm2.a),具有较高的净生产力。     

闽北不同海拔湿地松生物量模型构建及比较分析

对福建省政和县石屯镇、杨源乡10年生湿地松幼龄林建立多个生物量相容模型,并对不同海拔的湿地松幼龄林生物量比较研究。结果表明:不同海拔的湿地松幼龄林生长差异明显,胸径、树高差异显著,300m海拔区比900m海拔区的平均树高、胸径大;其分别建立的900m海拔区和300m海拔区生物量相容性模型决定系数R~20.99;300m海拔区10年生湿地松单位面积生物量比900m海拔区高97%。说明海拔对湿地松生物量影响显著,较低海拔区更利于湿地松生长。     

千烟洲试验区几种灌木生物量估算模型的研究

灌木生物量是衡量植被生产力的重要指标,灌木的生物量与高度、地径之间具有密切的关系.选择千烟洲试验区内的长托菝葜、牡荆、山莓、紫珠4种主要灌木,采用数学模拟的方法,以实测数据为基础,建立了灌木生物量的回归方程,并进行了检验和模拟验证,结果良好,能够用于生物量的估算.     

晋北风沙区引种灌木成活与生长情况分析

在晋北风沙区引种栽植沙枣、沙地柏、连翘、文冠果、丽豆、枸杞6种生态经济型灌木树种,从成活率、保存率,及树高、地径、冠径的生长量等方面分析了不同灌木的适生性,初步筛选出了沙地柏、沙枣、文冠果、连翘和枸杞5种适宜的灌木树种。这5种灌木当年造林成活率均达92%以上,3 a保存率均达85%以上;连翘、枸杞、沙枣的树高年平均生长量达40.0 cm;沙枣地径年均生长量最大,为0.63 cm;连翘的冠径年均生长量最大,为67.0 cm.     

山西太岳山典型灌木林生物量及生产力研究

本文采用收获法研究了山西太岳林区榛子，虎榛子，黄刺玫3种有代表性的灌木林类型的生物量和生产力。3种灌木群落的总生物量分别为：54.3.43.3,35.7t.hm^-2，其中木本层，草本层，枯落物层的生物量占落总生物量比例为：榛子群落75.67%,9.9%,14.4%；虎榛子群落80.3%,8.7%,11.0%，黄刺玫群落76.7%,11.0%,12.3%，在活生物量的构成中，3种妙落的地上部分生物量分别占32.7%,30.6%,34.7%；地下部分生物量分别占67.3%,69.5%,65.3%；这种生物量结构与同一地区的乔木林生物量的结构正好相反，对灌木树种生物量的相对生长研究结果表明，灌木树种的总生物量，枝干生物量及叶生物量与基径平方乘高（D2H）之间存在极为显著的相关关系，表现出与乔木树种类似的相对生长规律，关系式W＝a(D^2H)^b可较好地描述这种规律。     

河北典型天然次生林灌木群落结构特征研究

基于河北省木兰围场国有林场管理局域内2hm2典型天然次生林植被群落调查,探讨次生林下灌木群落结构特征,研究显示:1)研究区29种灌木分属于15科22属,包含灌丛12 878丛、灌木20 861株,以毛榛(Cory-lus mandshurica)、五角枫(Acer mono)幼苗、锦带花(Weigela florida)为该群落优势种;2)80%以上的灌木基径过1cm,尤以青杄(Picea wilsonii)和华北落叶松(Larixprincipis-rupprechtii)幼苗的平均基径最大;3)以2m高度为界限可将灌木划为两层,上层灌木基径和冠幅明显优于下层灌木;4)从空间分布角度而言,不同灌木种群在频度、相对显著度和相对多度等方面表现出一定的空间异质性。     

乌拉特多种优势灌木(半灌木)生物量研究

对乌拉特灌木优势种进行了统计分析,以为该地区的生态保护后期工作提供数据支持。通过样方调查法对该地区种优势灌木进行了研究,结果表明:乌拉特地区共有野生灌木植物群落50种,隶属于11科,29属;其中优势灌木为20种,对20种优势灌木群落的盖度、高度、数量生物量、干鲜比进行了统计分析,从中选取6种典型灌木,得出了灌木地上生物量与土壤含水量、孔隙度有显著性的关系,而与土壤容重之间没有显著性关系。     

Relationship between shrub cover and available forage in Mediterranean shrublands

Shrublands with kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) as a dominant species play an important role in the nutrition of grazing animals in the Mediterranean region during all seasons of the year. Their proper management, however, is inhibited by the lack of easy and inexpensive methods for measuring available forage. In this paper, the spatial distribution of available forage as well as its relationship with shrub cover measured on the ground and in aerial photographs were investigated. The research was conducted in kermes oak shrublands of central Macedonia, Greece. Two-phase sampling was applied by using 1:15,000 aerial photographs to select 47 plots, 0.1 ha each, on an area of 545 ha where shrub cover and available forage (herbage, current year's and total browse) were measured. These measurements were carried out on four shrub cover classes: open (0 to 15%), moderate (16 to 40%), dense (41 to 70%) and very dense (71 to 100%); and three height classes: low (0 to 0.5 m), middle (0.6 to 1.0 m) and tall (1.1 to 1.5 m). High resolution aerial photographs (1:6,000) taken during the year of ground sampling were used to estimate shrub cover and correlate to ground measurement. Estimated cover had a high correlation (r 0.96) with ground measurements in open, moderate and dense shrub stands. The open to dense cover classes had significantly more available forage than the very dense cover class; and the low height class significantly higher than the other two classes. The regression of available forage with shrub cover measured on the ground and on aerial photographs produced non-linear equations with high coefficients of determination (R² > 0.70) only when shrub height up to 0.5 m irrespective of the cover class was considered. It is concluded that shrub cover measured on aerial photographs can be used to predict shrub cover on the ground as well as available forage in kermes oak shrublands provided that the shrubs are not too tall (up to 0.50 m).This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Storage of biomass and net primary productivity in desert shrubland of Artemisia ordosica on Ordos Plateau of Inner Mongolia, China

Biomass and net primary productivity （NPP） are two important parameters in determining ecosystem carbon pool and carbon sequestration. The biomass storage and NPP in desert shrubland of Artemisia ordosica on Ordos Plateau were investigated with method of harvesting standard size shrub in the growing season （June-October） of 2006. Results indicated that above- and belowground biomass of the same size shrubs showed no significant variation in the growing season （p〉0.1）, but annual biomass varied significantly （p〈 0.01）. In the A. ordosica community, shrub biomass storage was 699.76-1246.40 g.m^-2 and annual aboveground NPP was 224.09 g-m^-2·a^-1. Moreover, shrub biomass and NPP were closely related with shrub dimensions （cover and height） and could be well predicted by shrub volume using power regression.     

江西千烟洲几种灌木生物量模型的研究

研究以中国科学院江西省千烟洲红壤丘陵综合开发试验站(以下简称千烟洲站)人工森林中灌木层的4种常见灌木为对象,采用SPSS、EXCEL等统计软件对数据进行回归分析,建立灌木各营养器官生物量及总生物量与各测树因子的回归模型,所得的各样本总生物量回归方程为:四川红淡比:Y=0.677X0.6293,山矾:Y=11.672+0.0201X+(2E-05)X2,格药柃:Y=597-48.86X+1.365X2,钩藤:Y=208.2-46.47X+2.91X2。通过对模型的精度检验,其结果表明:本实验建立的灌木各营养器官生物量同各测树单因子及复合因子之间的回归方程相关性好,可用于推算灌木生物量。     

Modelling biomass and leaf area index in a sub-arctic Scandinavian mountain area

Estimates of biomass and leaf area index (LAI) are important variables in ecological and climate models. However, very little is known about the biomass and LAI of the vegetation in the Scandinavian mountain area. In this study, extensive field data consisting of diameter at breast height for 13?000 trees and height for 550 trees were collected. Furthermore, biomass and leaf area (LA) measurements for 46 mountain birch trees [Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii (Orlowa) Hämet-Ahti] and biomass and LA measurements for shrubs (e.g. Salix spp., Betula nana) at 36 sample plots were carried out. Multiplicative linear models for trees were fitted to tree biomass and LA measurements using basal area at breast height, height, crown diameter and diameter at stump height as explanatory variables. Additive linear models were fitted to shrub biomass and LAI measurements using coverage of shrubs, topographic variables and soil type as explanatory variables. The functions were then used to predict the biomass and LAI for trees and shrubs for the entire test area, which covers an area of 84 km² and is located at latitude 68° N. The mean total biomass estimates were 27?493 kg ha^?1 for the forest and 7650 kg ha^?1 for snow-protected heath and meadow vegetation. The LAIs were 2.06 and 0.52, respectively. For monitoring biomass and LAI in the Scandinavian mountain area, the functions could also be applied to data from traditional field-based inventories and the estimates might further be improved by combining the estimates from the test area with auxiliary information such as remote sensing images.