水貂阿留申病防制的研究进展

水貂阿留申病防制是水貂养殖领域的世界性难题。该病临床特征是全身性淋巴细胞增殖、血清γ－球蛋白增高、肾肿大、动脉性血管炎和肝炎、持续性毒血症。多年来,人们对水貂阿留申病防制的研究主要集中于对该病的诊断和淘汰,经历了碘凝集反应,对流免疫电泳技术两个主要阶段。近年来,通过研究阿留申病循环免疫复合物的测定、抗体消长规律、免疫机制、试用免疫接种,使最终攻破阿留申病防制难关出现曙光。     

水貂阿留申病防制的研究进展

水貂阿留申病防制是水貂养殖领域的世界性难题。该病临床特征是全身性淋巴细胞增殖、血清γ－球蛋白增高、肾肿大、动脉性血管炎和肝炎、持续性毒血症。多年来,人们对水貂阿留申病防制的研究主要集中于对该病的诊断和淘汰,经历了碘凝集反应,对流免疫电泳技术两个主要阶段。近年来,通过研究阿留申病循环免疫复合物的测定、抗体消长规律、免疫机制、试用免疫接种,使最终攻破阿留申病防制难关出现曙光。     

水貂阿留申病的防制经验

<正> 水貂阿留申病能造成公貂性机能不全,无精子,利用率降低:母貂空怀,流产,死胎,产弱仔,感染子代,使产仔率、成活率大大降低.另外,阿留申病毒还能引起免疫抑制,影响其它疫苗的免疫形成,甚至会增强二次感染的敏感性.目前,对水貂阿留申病,一无疫苗预防,二无特异性药物治疗,必须采取综合性防制措施.一、消灭传染源(一)定期检疫,处杀阳性病貂:病貂和潜伏期带毒貂的病毒长期存在于病貂体内,每年10月份后结合综合选种、取皮,以碘凝集反应(简称IAT)或对流免疫电泳法(简称CIEP)诊断进行阿留申病检疫.     

水貂阿留申病概述

主要对水貂阿留申病的病原学、流行病学、致病机理、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防制等方面进行了概述,以便对该病诊断和防制提供参考。     

水貂阿留申病的历史回顾及最新研究概述

水貂阿留申病是阻碍养貂业发展的世界性攻关病害。自人们发现该病至今已有５０余年的历史，尽管国内外有关专家学者，从没间断过对该病的研究，但始终没能攻克该病的免疫防制问题；值得庆幸的是，在国家科委和农业部畜牧兽医司等部门的大力资助下，我们对阿留申病的免疫原性和免疫机制进行了较系统深入的研究，并研制出了阿留申病灭活疫苗，现已在多个大型貂场进行小试。该文对阿留申病的病史和危害，以及最新研究进展和重大技术突破进行了较全面系统的论述。     

水貂阿留申病对流免疫电泳(CIEP)操作方法及结果判定

水貂阿留申病是水貂的主要传染病之一,每年给水貂养殖业造成巨大的经济损失。本病至今缺乏特异性防治方法。用对流免疫电泳试验逐年检测貂群,严格剔出阳性病貂,保留阴性水貂以作繁殖,是日前世界上防制本病,净化阿留申病阳性水貂场的最有效办法。农牧渔业部动物检疫所采用猫肾传代细胞(CRFK)和阿留中病毒Utah-1国际标准毒株,在国内首次研制成功阿留申病病毒传代细胞抗原。这种抗原具有成分单纯、特异性强、沉淀线清晰、检出率高和成本低、方法简便、适于大批量生产等特点,与国外同类产品相比,结果完全一致,是口岸检疫和貂场净化的理想试剂。     

水貂阿留申病病毒CIEP抗原结合蛋白初探

以水貂阿留申病病毒对流免疫电泳(CIEP)细胞抗原为材料,经酶印迹(Westemblotting)测定,水貂阿留申病病毒CIEI细胞抗原与多克隆阳性血清反应,分子量为60000,50000和25000,而与CIEP阴性的抗水貂阿留申病病毒的单克隆抗体(Y—2—9)反应,分子量为60000,50000.因此初步确定水貂阿留申病病毒CIEP细胞抗原决定族位于分子25000蛋白上.     

水貂阿留申病PPA-ELISA诊断方法的研究

用感染水貂阿留申病病毒G株(ADV-G)的猫肾传代细胞(CRFK)建立了检测水貂阿留申病病毒抗体的PPA-ELISA法。该方法敏感性高于CIEP 16倍,具有快速,准确的优点,可用于病原定位,是水貂阿留申病检疫和研究较为理想的方法.     

水貂阿留申病的防控措施

正水貂阿留申病广泛流行于世界各养貂国家,我国各养貂场均有此病发生,本区的水貂养殖场水貂阿留申病都有不同程度的感染,2014年,本区两水貂养殖场部分水貂,经对流免疫电泳检测,阿留申阳性率分别达到87.8%(36/41)和77.3%(17/22)。水貂阿留申病的危害很大,严重影响毛皮动物的繁殖能力,免疫机能和毛皮质量。1水貂阿留申病的流行特点     

水貂阿留申病粪便中DNA的提取方法及与产仔数的相关性

<正>水貂阿留申病(Aleutian disease of mink),又称浆细胞增多症(Plasmacytosis),是由细小病毒科的阿留申病病毒(ADMV)引起的一种慢性传染病,导致自身免疫系统紊乱并逐渐衰竭,并发强烈的自身免疫。主要侵害网状内皮系统,其特征为浆细胞弥漫性增生、产生多量C-球蛋白和持续性的病毒血症。水貂阿留申病具有自身免疫     

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for Aleutian disease tests and their correlations with pelt quality,reproductive performance,packed-cell volume,and harvest length in mink

Aleutian disease (AD), caused by the Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV), is a major health concern that results in global economic losses to the mink industry. The unsatisfactory outcome of the culling strategy, immunoprophylaxis, and medical treatment in controlling AD have urged mink farmers to select AD resilient mink based on several detection tests, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), and iodine agglutination test (IAT). However, the genetic analysis of these AD tests and their correlations with pelt quality, reproductive performance, packed-cell volume (PCV), and harvest length (HL) have not been investigated. In this study, data on 5,824 mink were used to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters of four AD tests, including two systems of ELISA, CIEP, and IAT, and their genetic and phenotypic correlations with two pelt quality, five female reproductive performance, PCV, and HL traits. Significances (P < 0.05) of fixed effects (sex, year, dam age, and color type), covariates (age at harvest and blood sampling), and random effects (additive genetic, permanent environmental, and maternal effects) were determined under univariate models using ASReml 4.1 software. The genetic and phenotypic parameters for all traits were estimated under bivariate models using ASReml 4.1 software. Estimated heritabilities (±SE) were 0.39 ± 0.06, 0.61 ± 0.07, 0.11 ± 0.07, and 0.26 ± 0.05 for AMDV antigen-based ELISA (ELISA-G), AMDV capsid protein-based ELISA, CIEP, and IAT, respectively. The ELISA-G also showed a moderate repeatability (0.58 ± 0.04) and had significant negative genetic correlations (±SE) with reproductive performance traits (from −0.41 ± 0.16 to −0.49 ± 0.12), PCV (−0.53 ± 0.09), and HL (−0.45 ± 0.16). These results indicated that ELISA-G had the potential to be applied as an indicator trait for genetic selection of AD resilient mink in AD endemic ranches and therefore help mink farmers to reduce the adverse effects caused by AD.     

Comparison of the lesions of Aleutian disease in mink and hypergammaglobulinemia in ferrets.

Gross and microscopic lesions of Aleutian disease (AD) in mink and hypergammaglobulinemia in ferrets were compared. Both conditions were characterized by widespread proliferation of plasma cells, but proliferation was more prominent in mink infected with AD. Arteritis did not occur in hypergammaglobulinemic ferrets. Minimal or no glomerular alterations occurred in infected ferrets, but were severe in mink infected with AD. Bile duct proliferation was more prominent in diseased mink. Tissue alterations suggested that AD in Aleutian genotype mink is more rapidly progressive than is AD in ferrets, causing overt clinical disease and death. In contrast, hypergammaglobulinemia in ferrets appeared to progress more slowly, with little clinical evidence of disease. This is probably the result of a paucity of glomerular lesions in ferrets. Possible mechanisms to explain the differences in the development of lesions are discussed.     

An outbreak of excessive neonatal mortality in four Danish mink farms. II. Analytic epidemiological investigations

Data collected from an outbreak of excessive mortality of mink kits in 4 Danish mink farms in 1982 were analysed. The mortality of the mink kits was found to be highest for the kits from Aleutian Disease (AD)-positive females, and the Scanblack mink was found to be the most frequently affected mink type. Furthermore the mortality was found to depend on the farm of origin and to be highest for the lastest born kits. The age of the females and their location in sheds were found not to influence the mortality of the kits. However, the mortality for the Pastel mink decreased with increasing distance from the Scanblack mink. The possibility that the excess mortality of the kits might be due to an AD-virus infection is discussed.Key words: mink, neonatal mortality, mink kits, Aleutian Disease, analytic epidemiology     

水貂阿留申病毒的分子生物学研究进展

从水貂阿留申病毒(ADV)基因组特点出发,就阿留申病毒的分子生物学研究进展作以简单综述。     

水貂阿留申病发病机理的研究进展

水貂阿留申病是由阿留申病病毒引起的一种可对水貂养殖业造成严重损失的传染病。该病困扰动物医学界多年 ,始终未得到攻克。近年来随着分子生物学技术的发展 ,国内外学者对该病分子水平的发病机理有了更多的认识 ,研究内容主要集中在与水貂阿留申病发病密切相关的抗病毒抗体、病毒核酸的晚启动子P3 6及其顺式作用元件(cis acting)、结构蛋白VP2等方面。文章对以上研究进展进行了详细的归纳总结与分析 ,并在此基础上提出了尝试使用反义RNA或干扰RNA对该病进行预防、治疗的设想 ,以期今后对阿留申病的继续深入研究能有所帮助。     

水貂阿留申病毒结构蛋白与非结构蛋白在疾病诊断与疫苗研发中的应用

水貂阿留申病是由水貂阿留申病毒引起的一种持续感染性疾病,危害毛皮动物养殖业的发展.水貂阿留申病毒的致病特点、免疫机制等与其他细小病毒不同,存在自身的复杂性.目前,众多研究者寻求新的疫苗来预防水貂阿留申病的发生,但没有取得理想的效果.疾病诊断及疫苗研发对防控水貂阿留申病具有积极的意义.水貂阿留申病毒结构蛋白在病毒感染、机...     

Immunohistochemical detection of 3 viral infections in paraffin-embedded tissue from mink (Mustela vison): a tissue-microarray-based study

Immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were developed and tested for the detection of 3 viral infections in archived paraffin-embedded mink tissue. Specimens had been obtained from mink with diagnoses of acute Aleutian disease (AD), mink parvoviral enteritis (MVE), or canine distemper (CD) made by means of routine diagnostic procedures. To improve the efficiency and reduce the costs of IHC analyses, tissue microarray (TMA) technology was used. Representative cores 2 mm in diameter from each tissue specimen and from positive- and negative-control specimens were collected in a TMA block. Immunohistochemical reactions to viral antigens were assessed and graded. Positive reactions were found in 91% of the 32 specimens from mink with AD, 53% to 80% of the 60 specimens from mink with MVE, and all 66 of the specimens from mink with CD. To validate the use of TMAs, the IHC methods were applied to whole-mount paraffin-embedded sections of 10 of the positive specimens for each disease, together with whole-mount sections of small intestine and lung tissue from 2 healthy mink. The IHC grading of the TMA cores and the whole-mount sections from the same animal corresponded completely. These results suggest that IHC demonstration of viral antigen allows rapid and reliable diagnosis of the 3 viral infections in mink and is a potential supplement to histologic diagnostic procedures. The TMA technique proved useful for screening large numbers of samples for expression of specific viral antigens, while reducing overall costs.     

阿留申病抗体消长规律的研究

应用阿留申病对流免疫电泳法，历时３年，对正常饲养的貂群逐月进行检测，揭示了ＡＤ抗体在水貂体内的消长规律，提出了适合我国国情的，以ＡＤ．ＣＩＥＰ法一年一次性普检ＡＤ貂的最佳时机，并首次发现了大批ＡＤ抗体阳性貂的长期阴转现象，从而为本病的免疫预防的可能性提供了科学依据。