植被封禁保护是黄土高原植被恢复的重要措施

概述了黄土高原地区的植被资源现状及分布规律, 分析了该地区实施植被封禁保护(包括封山育林和禁牧、轮牧)的必要性和可行性。对于封山育林和禁牧的实施效果、存在的问题及对策进行了说明。指出黄土高原地区今后的封山育林工作应该向工程化、规范化的方向发展。提出黄土高原天然次生林区应该长期坚持“封山育林为主, 辅之以人工措施”的经营策略。实行封禁保护为主的林区经营方式, 适当辅助以人工促进(抚育、补植等)措施。另外, 在黄土高原以农牧业为主的厚层黄土区和北部草原区等应该实施封山禁牧或轮牧, 提倡舍饲圈养。黄土高原地区的封山育林和禁牧工作要与农村经济发展和产业结构调整紧密结合, 才能长期实行下去。     

浅淡甘肃黄土高原区的植被恢复与重建

甘肃黄土高原区的生态环境具有干旱、半干旱地区生态环境的典型特征，受长期人为及其他因素的破坏，自然生态环境极度脆弱。恢复和重建植被作为改各这一地区生态环境和经济条件的必由之路已倍受人们关注，本文在分析甘肃黄土高原生态环境特征及植被恢复中存在问题的基础上，提出了这一地区植被恢复和重建的对策及建议。     

重视开发建设区水土流失做好恢复植被的工作

通过对开发建设中水土流失现象的分析，找出造成这一现象的根本原因是植被遭到了严重的破坏，因此，认为恢复植被是治理开发建设区水土流失的关键，并进一步说明在开发建设区恢复植被过程中需要把握的一些技术问题。     

黄土高原植被生态恢复评价、问题与对策

以中国水土流失与生态安全综合科学考察西北黄土区考察组获得的资料为依据,对黄土高原植被恢复方面取得的成就、存在的问题和未来的发展策略进行综合评价分析.退耕还林和禁伐禁牧措施实施以来,黄土高原地区植被覆盖率、质量已经呈现稳定提升的势态,民众生态环境保护意识增强,植被恢复措施优化,多元化投资与城镇化发展使黄土高原植被恢复前景较好.目前存在的主要问题是:植被恢复投资力度不够;政策不稳定使农户无远期规划,政策不配套,使大户承包治理停滞;过分注重经济效益,人工经济林比例过大,生态功能不强;禁伐禁牧封禁措施缺乏技术支撑,许多重大理论问题亟待解决.未来植被恢复策略包括:明确不同时期植被恢复目标和完善恢复途径;保护现有成果,增加自然恢复和生态修复比例;用政策保护承包大户植被建设的积极性;加大植被建设和科研投资力度,培育黄土区植被恢复方面的科技创新能力.     

浅谈突泉县水土流失区植被恢复关键技术的运用

文章描述了突泉县境内的水土流失造成的危害、形成原因。结合突泉的地形地势,着重对水土流失区植被恢复关键技术运用提出了粗浅的建议。     

禄劝县水土流失区的植被恢复与重建

禄劝县2000年水土流失面积1084 25km2,占国土面积的42 5%,其侵蚀模数为2589t/km2·a,生态脆弱,灾害严重,据此提出了植被恢复与重建的具体措施和关键技术。     

封山育林是恢复和重建晋西黄土高原森林植被的重要途径

论述了晋西黄土高原封山育林的必要性、理论依据及可行性。分析了不同时期弃耕地和封禁小流域的植物演替和植被恢复规律。在黄土弃耕地上植物群落演替规律为：弃耕后,15a-20a为草本植物群落阶段;21a-25a可形成灌木群落;26a-30a能达到较成熟、稳定的灌丛群落;30年后,开始形成乔木林。黄土残塬沟壑区封禁小流域植被恢复情况为：经过12a,木本植物的种类达到了41种,分属于16科34属,其种源来源于周围残存的次生林。总结了封山育林的效果。     

太原西山地区山体植被恢复技术

太原市目前仍有405.37 hm2的破损山体弃置地,西山地区山体植被修复工程必须持续推进.笔者阐述了当前太原市破损山体弃置地现状,以西山地区破损山体植被恢复为研究对象,提出了对应的植被恢复思路及技术,并分析了治理成效,为同类型山体修复提供了可参考案例.     

江西低丘红壤水土流失区植被恢复策略及理论探讨

对江西省低丘红壤5种不同类型水土流失区生态系统开展植被恢复与重建的技术及理论进行探讨.结果表明,江西低丘红壤水土流失区植被恢复取得成功的经验在于园地制宜的应用了森林培育学科的理论与技术,遵循依靠科技,适地适树,充分利用乡土种为主的种质资源,考虑群落结构组成和群落演替的规律,充分利用自然力的原则.总结出自然封育和人工重建是江西低丘红壤侵蚀区植被恢复的两种基本途径.选择适宜的植物种植材料进行合理的配置并辅以现代营林的科学技术理论与措施是植被恢复,控制水土流失、重建低丘红壤退化生态系统的有效措施.     

宫胁法的原理、步骤及其在滇西北地区植被恢复中的应用

滇西北地区自然植被的破坏较大 ,水土流失严重。依据宫胁法的理论基础 ,论述了宫胁法植被恢复的方法和步骤 ,探讨了宫胁法在滇西北地区植被恢复中的应用。以供滇西北地区防治水土流失及保护生物多样性作参考。     

黄土区人工林草植被深层土壤干燥化研究进展

黄土高原地区深层土壤干燥化(土壤干层)是人工林草植被过度耗水导致土壤水分负平衡的结果。概述土壤干层的研究进展,包括土壤干层的特征、类型、量化指标、成因、分布、危害及其缓减对策,指出当前研究中存在的问题,对今后研究提出建议。     

Study on Function of Vegetation''''s Preventing Soil Erosion in Small Watershed of the Loess Area

This paper analyzes the function of preventing soil erosion of the different woodlands according to a long-term fixed-position observation, and points out that the steep slope plantation of uncontrolled measures for soil and water conservation is apt to produce sediment Forestland has very strong effect in soil and water conservation when the biomass of arbor in the hillslope is over 1 4.51t/ha. Through analyzing the function of soil and water conservation about forestland (arbor, bush and the mixed wood of arbor and bush), it can be known that if the high forest coverage reaches 40%, forests will provide better protective function. To vegetation under forest, litter layer, herb and sparse forest land which do not suffer destruction from human beings, they all have good function in preventing erosion, and the amount of soil loss is far less than the tolerance of soil erosion. At the same time, when vegetation coverage and biomass are in an appropriate state, they will have powerful protective function.     

黄土高原植被属性有关论点辨析

以黄土高原森林植被为重点,利用一定的论据讨论黄土无林论、草原次生论、厚层黄土观、400mm降水论、气候变迁论等立论的缺陷以及植被分区所存在的歧义。以排它法表明以延安一线、长城沿线等为标志的植被地带性原则的合理性,认为黄土高原具有森林发育的地带性环境。     

Effects of different vegetation restoration models on soil microbial biomass in eroded hilly Loess Plateau, China

Vegetation restoration is a key measure to improve the eco-environment in Loess Plateau, China. In order to find the effect of soil microbial biomass under different vegetation restoration models in this region, six trial sites located in Zhifanggou watershed were selected in this study. Results showed that soil microbial biomass, microbial respiration and physical and chemical properties increased apparently. After 30 years of vegetation restoration, soil microbial biomass C, N, P (SMBC, SMBN, SMBP) and microbial respiration, increased by 109.01%–144.22%, 34.17%–117.09%, 31.79%–79.94% and 26.78%–87.59% respectively, as compared with the farmland. However, metabolic quotient declined dramatically by 57.45%–77.49%. Effects of different models of vegetation restoration are different on improving the properties of soil. In general, mixed stands of Pinus tabulaeformis-Amorpha fruticosa and Robinia pseudoacacia-A. fruticosa had the most remarkable effect, followed by R. pseudoacacia and Caragana korshinkii, fallow land and P. tabulaeformis was the lowest. Restoration of mixed forest had greater effective than pure forest in eroded Hilly Loess Plateau. The significant relationships were observed among SMBC, SMBP, microbial respiration, and physical and chemical properties of soil. It was concluded that microbial biomass can be used as indicators of soil quality. __________ Translated from Journal of Natural Resources, 2007, 22(1): 20–27 [译自: 自然资源学报]     

甘肃黄土高原生态修复与重建战略思考

通过对甘肃黄土高原地区社会—经济—生态系统的科学考察,以实地调查资料和文献资料为依据,对甘肃黄土高原植被修复与重建的环境和理论基础综合分析,提出了物种选择及搭配、模式布局、植被建植和促进恢复等技术策略,以及生态规划尺度、社会运行机制、资源协调配置等政策导向,从而为甘肃黄土高原地区生态持续恢复,消除区域甚至全国生态退化提供帮助.     

风蚀坑土壤风蚀控制与植被恢复技术

针对浑善达克沙地固定沙丘活化形成的风蚀坑问题,采取工程固沙和植物治沙技术,重建风蚀坑植被。结果表明:采用不同材料、不同规格沙障,当年风蚀坑风蚀得到控制,植被盖度平均达到14.7%;3年后风蚀坑内植被覆盖率平均为35%～65%,并且植物种组成和物种丰富度随治理年限的延长而增加,促进风蚀坑植物种趋于正向演替过程,巩固了治沙成果。     

Review and proposals on vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau, Northwest China

A group of scientists conducted a comprehensive investigation on ecological safety and water and soil erosion in the Northwest Loess Plateau, Northwest China. The data gathered was analyzed in terms of achievement, existing problems, and strategy and measures on vegetation restoration in the area. Since the policies of conversion from cropland to forest (CCF) and forbid grazing and cutting (FGC) were carried out, vegetation quality and coverage rate increased quickly in the Loess Plateau area, strengthening the concept of eco-environment protection. Environment harness measurements were optimized. The multiform investments on eco-environment and urbanization development in China will benefit vegetation restoration. However, there have been some persisting problems, such as the shortage of investment, instability of government policy, expectation of extravagant economic benefit, larger rate of plantation, and scarce technologies supporting vegetation restoration. Many key theories and practice problems require an urgent resolution. In the future, short-, mid-, and long-term goals for vegetation restoration should be clear, achievement should be expanded, and the natural restoration area should be increased. The benefit for the contractor on vegetation restoration should be ensured. Investment on vegetation building research work should be increased. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(1): 102–106 [译自: 林业科学]