卵母细胞和供核体细胞质量对牛体细胞核移植效率的影响

将未成熟牛卵母细胞进行体外成熟培养,挤压法去除卵母细胞核,以牛耳成纤维细胞作为供核细胞进行体细胞核移植研究,观察形成囊胚组与未形成囊胚组平均每卵巢获卵数、卵母细胞体外成熟率、供核体细胞细胞传代次数、饥饿天数的差异。结果表明:形成囊胚组平均每卵巢获卵数(4.90枚)和体外成熟率(63.9%)均显著高于未形成囊胚组(分别为4.05枚、48.4%)。形成囊胚组供核体细胞代数(4.7代)和血清饥饿天数(4.7d)与未形成囊胚组(分别为6.1代、4.4d)无显著差异。卵巢质量和卵母细胞质量是决定能否形成克隆囊胚的重要影响因素,在供体细胞传代3～8代、饥饿1～9d的范围内,供体细胞传代次数和血清饥饿处理时间对克隆效率无显著影响。     

Senescence of nickel-transformed cells by an X chromosome: possible epigenetic control

Transfer of a normal Chinese hamster X chromosome (carried in a mouse A9 donor cell line) to a nickel-transformed Chinese hamster cell line with an Xq chromosome deletion resulted in senescense of these previously immortal cells. At early passages of the A9/CX donor cells, the hamster X chromosome was highly active, inducing senescence in 100% of the colonies obtained after its transfer into the nickel-transformed cells. However, senescence was reduced to 50% when Chinese hamster X chromosomes were transferred from later passage A9 cells. Full senescing activity of the intact hamster X chromosome was restored by treatment of the donor mouse cells with 5-azacytidine, which induced demethylation of DNA. These results suggest that a senescence gene or genes, which may be located on the Chinese hamster X chromosome, can be regulated by DNA methylation, and that escape from senescence and possibly loss of tumor suppressor gene activity can occur by epigenetic mechanisms.     

"Transdifferentiation" of C6 glial cells in culture

The activities of cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase, an enzyme marker for oligodendrocytes, and glutamine synthetase, an enzyme marker for astrocytes, were studied at early (21 to 26) and late (82 to 88) cell passages. The activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase was markedly high and that of glutamine synthetase was low in the early passages, but this relation was reversed in the late passages. These findings suggest a "transdifferentiation" of C6 glial cells with passage in culture.     

不同饲养层对兔原始生殖细胞传代培养的影响

为了探讨不同饲养层细胞对兔原始生殖细胞体外培养与传代的影响,从14~18 d的兔胎儿生殖嵴中分离得到原始生殖细胞(PGCs),分别培养在小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞(MEF)、兔胎儿成纤维细胞(REF)饲养层上或与同源兔胎儿生殖脊成纤维细胞(HEFgr)、兔睾丸支持细胞(RSC)共培养。观察兔类EG集落的生长状态,并检测其碱性磷酸酶活性。结果表明:4种方法均能分离克隆出兔类EG集落,碱性磷酸酶染色均呈阳性,但是采用共培养的模式分离得到的集落明显多于传统的饲养层模式。与RSCs共培养得到的EG集落数最多,保持未分化的时间最长,并传了8代,与HEFgr共培养得到的EG集落数与RSCs相比差异不明显,但最高只传了6代。培养在MEF上的兔类EG也能较好的保持未分化状态,传了4代。培养在REF上的兔类EG集落数目较少,出现分化时间较早,只传了3代。因此可以用与RSCs或HEFgr共培养的方法传代培养兔PGCs。     

Character of viral clones in serial passage of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in vitro

In this paper,the character of viral clones from early and late passages after serial passages of Trichoplusia ni single nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a Tn 5B1-4 cell line is described.It demonstrated that no significant difference was observed in the infectivity of the cell culture supernatants of various passages to the cell line.The number of polyhedra produced in a cell and infectivity of polyhedra to T.ni larvae declined strikingly with the increase of passages.The polyhedra without virions began to increase from passage to passage.The result of restriction enzyme digestion showed that the DNA restriction fragments of the clones were different from wild virus DNA,although they came from a homogeneous viral DNA.The mutation of viral DNA resulted in the in crease of noninfectious polyhedra without virions and in the increase of the number of polyhedra produced in cell line as well as virulence of the polyhydrosis inclusion bodys to T.ni larvae after prolonged passages of Tn SNPV in the cell culture.     

Evidence of a pluripotent human embryonic stem cell line derived from a cloned blastocyst

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology has recently been used to generate animals with a common genetic composition. In this study, we report the derivation of a pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell line (SCNT-hES-1) from a cloned human blastocyst. The SCNT-hES-1 cells displayed typical ES cell morphology and cell surface markers and were capable of differentiating into embryoid bodies in vitro and of forming teratomas in vivo containing cell derivatives from all three embryonic germ layers in severe combined immunodeficient mice. After continuous proliferation for more than 70 passages, SCNT-hES-1 cells maintained normal karyotypes and were genetically identical to the somatic nuclear donor cells. Although we cannot completely exclude the possibility that the cells had a parthenogenetic origin, imprinting analyses support a SCNT origin of the derived human ES cells.     

Enhanced growth of human embryonic cells infected with adenovirus 12

Fibroblast-like cells from human embryonic lung were infected with adenovirus type 12, and they survived as an established line, with the characteristics of "transformation" following considerable cellular killing. Inclusion bodies disappeared and cells became resistant to reinfection with type 12 virus as they grew in thick multilayered strands, and giant and syncytial cells became commonplace. An induced new cell antigen demonstrable by complement-fixation and fluorescent-antibody studies persisted for at least 20 culture passages after infection.     

油松成熟树脂道超微结构研究

油松树脂道上皮细胞具有大量质体,质体外被内质网鞘,内质网鞘与核膜和胞质内质网相连接。各个细胞器中均有嗜锇物质。同时,在其质膜边缘,质膜与细胞壁之间,疏松细胞壁以及腔道中,也有嗜锇物质。另外,上皮细胞壁上具有纤丝排列疏松形成的通道,上皮细胞壁之间具有大量胞间连丝。     

Extended culture of mouse embryo cells without senescence: inhibition by serum

Mouse embryo cells cultured in vitro in serum-supplemented media undergo growth crisis, resulting in the loss of genomically normal cells prior to the appearance of established, aneuploid cell lines. Mouse embryo cells established and maintained for multiple passages in the absence of serum did not exhibit growth crisis or gross chromosomal aberration. Cells cultured under these conditions were dependent on epidermal growth factor for survival. Proliferation was reversibly inhibited by serum or platelet-free plasma, suggesting that mouse embryo cultures maintained by conventional procedures are under the influence of inhibitory factors.     

Human monocytic cell lines derived from cord leukocytes by co-cultivation with irradiated CM-S cells

The CM-S cell line was established from the bone marrow of a child with congenital hypoplastic anemia and resembles its monocyte-macrophage lineage. Lethally x-irradiated CM-S cells from various passages and clones, representing different stages in the progression of the transformed growth phenotype, were tested for their ability to affect the survival and proliferation of normal human cord or adult blood leukocytes in co-culture. One clone, CM-SM, which is tumorigenic in athymic mice, consistently immortalized umbilical cord mononuclear cells but did not immortalize adult peripheral blood leukocytes. Six autonomous monocyte-like diploid cell lines were obtained and all were found to be of cord origin. Three lines were tumorigenic in athymic mice. Attempts to immortalize human leukocytes with cell-free supernatants from CM-S cells were unsuccessful.     

羊乳腺上皮细胞的形态观察

用组织块培养法获得山羊乳腺细胞原代培养物,并根据山羊乳腺成纤维细胞与上皮细胞对胰蛋白酶的敏感性不同将二者分离纯化。对细胞形态进行光镜观察发现:纯化的山羊乳腺上皮细胞传代至第15代时其生长仍正常。山羊乳腺上皮细胞含不同的细胞类型,大多数上皮细胞呈短梭形或多角形,呈蜂窝状;部分细胞呈圆饼状,体积较大;部分细胞呈长形。纯化的乳腺上皮细胞增殖可形成圆顶型结构,呈乳头状,称之为乳球体。     

Rabies viruses increase in virulence when propagated in neuroblastoma cell culture

Several strains of attenuated rabies virus lacking the capacity to kill adult mice acquired a high lethal potential for mice after one to five serial passages in murine or human neuroblastoma cells. The virulence acquired after passage in neuroblastoma cells is a stable genetic trait retained during subsequent passage of viruses in nonneuroblastoma cell systems.     

Korean hemorrhagic fever: propagation of the etiologic agent in a cell line of human origin

The etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever has been propagated in a human cultured cell line derived from a carcinoma of the lung. The cells, described as type II, alveolar epithelial, support replication of the agent and successive passages. Antigen of the Korean hemorrhagic fever agent is readily detected in infected cells by means of direct or indirect fluorescent antibody techniques. Previous attempts to propagate this agent in vitro had been unsuccessful.     

Improved Isolation and Culture of Embryonic Germ Cells from Guanzhong Dairy Goat

A total of 219 embryonic-germ-cell-like （EG-like） clumps were derived from 15 selected goat fetuses. Isolation of primordial germ cells （PGCs） based on co-culture with primary goat embryonic fibroblast showed no difference from traditional feeder layer-based culture method used in mouse and human. The putative primary EG colonies were multilayer clumps of compact cells with unclear cell-cell boundaries. Three subculture methods of goat EG-like colony, traditional enzymatic digestion, mechanical cutting and combination of the both, were compared in this study. As a result, EG-like colonies traditionally disassociated with collagenase 1V could be subcultured for up to 4 passages. And the mechanically disaggregated EG-like colonies were successfully maintained 9-12 passages with or without enzymatic treatment. The pluripotency of the EG-like colonies was identified by their specific marker staining, spontaneous differentiation and embryoid bodies （EBs） formation in vitro. Most goat EG-like colonies （〉 80%） were AKP positive and immunocytochemically characterized with positive SSEA-1, Oct-4 and c-kit staining but SSEA-4. Under the condition of delaying passage, goat EG-like cells could differentiate into fibroblast-like, epithelium-like, and neuron-like cells. In addition, EBs could be obtained successfully in routine hanging drop culture. The serum free culture system （feeder layer-based） used in this study was suitable for keeping PGCs and EG-like cells in their undifferentiated condition, but failed to converse them to immortal cells. These results indicated that mechanical cutting is an effective method for passaging goat EG cell colonies. However, the microenvironment of conversing EG cells to immortal cells is still unclear.     

AcMNPV-1A在转P35基因细胞系中连续传代的研究

报道了1株粉纹夜蛾转P35基因工程细胞系,命名为Tn5B-35。苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(Au-tographacalifornicanuclearpolyhedrosisvirus,AcMNPV)在该细胞系中连续传代至25代,与原始细胞系Tn5B1-4相比较,其感染率、多角体产量、滴度以及杀虫毒力的变化趋势均比较平稳,并未出现"传代效应"。     

兔骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养

为探讨体外分离及培养扩增兔骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)的方法,无菌采取兔股骨,用含20%FBS的DMEM培养液冲骨髓腔,采用全骨髓细胞贴壁培养法对MSCs进行纯化扩增,倒置显微镜下观察原代及传代细胞的形态、生长情况、绘制细胞生长曲线。结果显示,MSCs为贴壁生长细胞,形态均匀呈纤维样,增殖能力强,多次传代仍能保持其生物学特性。采用全骨髓贴壁培养法能够较好地纯化和扩增MSCs。     

用雄性新生仔猪生殖细胞建立干细胞系初探

体外培养雄性新生仔猪生殖细胞,并检测其碱性磷酸酶活性及O ct-4蛋白,探讨用雄性新生仔猪生殖细胞建立干细胞系的可行性及检测方法。结果表明,雄性新生仔猪生殖细胞在BRL细胞饲养层上培养2 d,大部分生殖细胞呈碱性磷酸酶阳性(AP+),而全部呈O ct-4蛋白阴性(O ct-4-);培养1周后,生殖细胞及细胞克隆均为AP-和O ct-4-。雄性新生仔猪生殖细胞体外培养时出现2类细胞克隆,一类体积较小,数量众多,形成1周后又开始分化,仅能传至第2代;另一类细胞克隆的形态与猪原生殖细胞来源的胚胎生殖细胞(EGC)克隆相似,细胞克隆与周围细胞分界明显,而克隆中细胞相互间界限不清,这类细胞克隆易于分化,可以传至第3代;2类细胞克隆均为AP-和O ct-4-。雄性新生仔猪生殖细胞可作为干细胞系的建系材料,AP和O ct-4蛋白均不适宜用来检测体外培养的雄性新生仔猪生殖细胞及其来源的细胞克隆。     

山羊原始生殖细胞的分离与培养

从46例山羊胎儿中分离培养原始生殖细胞,发现胎龄在25～38d的胎儿原代培养时都可获得大量的细胞集落,适合做胚胎生殖细胞的分离培养,最高传至6代。以小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞(MEF)、山羊胎儿成纤维细胞(GEF)、牛胎儿成纤维细胞(BEF)为饲养层,在不添加细胞因子情况下,都可以培养出原代山羊的胚胎生殖细胞。传代结果表明,MEF的培养效果较好,但与GEF组差异不显著(P>0.05),BEF组培养效果较差(P<0.05)。以3个不同质量浓度LIF的培养液培养山羊原始生殖细胞(PGC)结果表明,在原代培养时,效果差异不显著(P>0.05);而在传代过程中,以含LIF10ng/mL组培养效果最好,但与含LIF5ng/mL组差异不显著(P>0.05),LIF1ng/mL组培养效果较差(P<0.05)。     

ICR小鼠胚胎干细胞的分离、培养及鉴定

以小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞为饲养层,收集受孕3.5 d ICR小鼠的囊胚和桑椹胚进行培养,筛选纯化ES细胞集落,使其稳定传代后,对其形态学和生物学性状进行初步鉴定。结果表明,ES细胞有其典型的形态学特征:集落呈鸟巢状,边缘清楚,表面平滑,结构致密,隆起生长,细胞之间界限不清楚;单个细胞体积小、核大;对ES细胞碱性磷酸酶进行检测,在AKP底物NBT、BCIP作用下,未分化的ES细胞显微镜下为黄褐色,分化的不着色;核型鉴定表明ES细胞具有正常的二倍体核型。     

Further Report on Carcinogenesis or Tumorigenicity of MDCK Canine Kidney Cell(CKC) Lines and Analysis of Their Chromosome Karyotypes

Using Hela cell cultures as positive control and primary canine kidney cell (CKC) or feline kidney cell (FKC) cultures purified in vitro on passage 3 as negative control, the tumorigenicity of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells was tested in ＞273 nude mice, and colony formation in soft agarose and haemagglutination under different concentration of plant lectins of these cells were carried out at the same time. Subsequently, very low tumorigenicity strains of MDCK line were successfully selected; these were evaluated for the production of canine or feline combination viral vaccines, free of infectious agents, and of known cytogenetic and tumorigenic. It is thus evident that MDCK cell of M, JB, JC, WB or H strain can be approved as substrate for the preparation of attenuated viral vaccines, but MDCK cell of YA, YB and KA strains can not be approved as substrate for the preparation of attenuated viral vaccines. The heritable character of these cell sub-lines is comparatively stable, and shows little significant difference between passages.