巨桉EXP基因家族的生物信息学分析

[目的]本研究有助于了解EXP基因家族的基本特征,为深入研究其功能搭建平台。[方法]本研究对从巨桉(Eucalyptus grandis Hill)中筛选出35个EXP基因家族成员(Egr EXP1 Egr EXP35),利用生物信息学方法对其基因特征与表达模式进行综合分析。[结果]巨桉EXP基因分布在8条染色体之上,EXP蛋白均定位在细胞质膜上发挥作用,大多数的家族成员具有信号肽。巨桉EXP编码的蛋白质由α-螺旋、延伸链、无规卷曲、β-转角组成。进化分析结果表明,巨桉EXP蛋白与毛果杨(Populus trichocarpa) EXP蛋白的进化关系接近。35个巨桉EXP基因在巨桉未成熟木质部、成熟叶片、韧皮部、茎尖、木质部以及幼叶组织中表达模式存在显著差异。[结论]EXP基因家族各成员的表达模式不同,Egr EXP17、Egr EXP18可能在巨桉木材形成过程中起重要作用。     

毛竹捕光色素结合蛋白基因结构及表达模式分析

植物通过光合作用将光能转换为化学能,捕光色素结合(LHC)蛋白与色素形成的复合体在捕获、传递和转化光能过程中发挥着重要作用,因此研究毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)LHC基因结构及表达模式对于揭示其在毛竹光合作用中的功能具有重要意义。采用生物信息学的方法,对毛竹基因组中的LHC基因进行了系统分析。结果表明,在毛竹中共有29个LHC基因同源序列,其包含的内含子数量为0~5个。序列分析表明,29个LHC基因编码的蛋白分别属于光系统Ⅰ和光系统Ⅱ的捕光色素结合蛋白家族LHCⅠ和LHCⅡ。LHCⅠ包含5个亚家族(Lhca 1-Lhca 5),除了Lhca 4含有3个成员外其他亚家族只有1个成员;而LHCⅡ包含6个亚族(Lhcb 1-Lhcb6),每个亚家族的成员不同,其中Lhcb 1的成员最多为7个。亲疏水性预测表明,不同亚家族成员存在着一定差异。蛋白结构预测发现,29个蛋白均包含导肽和成熟蛋白,具有跨膜结构域,均包含色素结合位点;其中12个蛋白的组成以α-螺旋为主,17个蛋白的组成以随机卷曲为主。基因表达谱分析表明,大多数LHC基因主要在叶片和花序中表达,笋中略有表达,而根和鞭中几乎检测不到表达。研究结果为进一步研究毛竹LHC基因的功能奠定了基础。     

小兰屿蝴蝶兰R2R3-MYB转录因子分析

[目的]本研究为了探讨在植物发育和抗逆过程扮演着重要角色的MYB转录因子的潜在功能。[方法]利用拟南芥MYB转录因子家族蛋白序列(At MYBs)和已报道的蝴蝶兰R2R3-MYB转录因子家族蛋白序列(Pe MYBs),采用本地化软件BLASTP对小兰屿蝴蝶兰全基因组数据库进行搜索,并利用Pfam数据库验证MYB结构域,获得小兰屿蝴蝶兰MYB转录因子家族编码序列(Pe MYBs)125条,包含1R-MYB结构域的Pe MYBs蛋白序列27条,R2R3-MYB结构域96条,R1R2R3-MYB结构域2条。重点对96条R2R3-MYB结构Pe MYBs蛋白序列特点进行生物信息学分析。[结果]依据拟南芥的分类标准将小兰屿蝴蝶兰R2R3-MYB类转录因子划分为20个亚群,预测获得同源性较高的直系和旁系同源基因;各基因在四种器官(花、叶、根、茎)中的表达情况各异,39个Pe MYBs基因在4种器官中均表达,48个基因在不同器官中有特异性不表达现象,一些基因呈现器官特异性表达特点,推测其可能参与相应组织特定发育时期的调控。[结论]预测获得125条Pe MYBs蛋白序列,并对部分Pe MYB转录因子可能的调控功能进行了预测,将为细致研究蝴蝶兰MYB转录因子调控植物生长发育和逆境胁迫响应的分子机理提供一定的数据基础。     

柳杉毛虫JHBP家族基因鉴定及生物信息学分析

研究我国林业重要食叶害虫——柳杉毛虫保幼激素结合蛋白(JHBP),对于揭示其生长发育、化蛹、摄食、交配生殖及抗药性等生命活动具有重要意义。参照模式昆虫家蚕的41条JHBP蛋白序列,构建系统进化树,并对这些基因所编码的蛋白质二级结构、疏水性、蛋白质序列基序和三级结构等生物学特性进行分析,利用heatmap可视化工具分析柳杉毛虫JHBP在不同发育时期的表达水平。结果表明,柳杉毛虫JHBP基因共有JHBPa、JHBPc、JHBPd 3个亚家族,分别包含6、26、15个JHBP基因;蛋白序列至少含有1个JHBP结构域,且其中Dho05G001220蛋白序列不仅含有JHBP结构域,还含有Grp＿allergen结构域,各蛋白序列的疏水性区域呈明显的聚集分布,亲水性区域的聚集分布则不明显; JHBP基因在柳杉毛虫的低龄和中龄幼虫、蛹和成虫中显著表达,表明JHBP明显参与调控不同虫态的发育或变态过程。研究结果可为进一步明确柳杉毛虫JHBP基因家族的生物学功能提供参考。     

巨桉EgrZFP6基因在非生物逆境胁迫响应中的功能

【目的】通过对巨桉非生物逆境响应相关基因EgrZFP6(Eucgr.A01232)蛋白结构和基因功能的初步研究,探讨该基因在巨桉非生物逆境响应中所发挥的作用,为桉树抗逆育种提供理论基础。【方法】首先利用CDD在线软件分析EgrZFP6编码蛋白序列的结构域,并利用NCBI中的Blast软件搜索与EgrZFP6蛋白序列相似程度较高的其他物种中ZFP蛋白,用Clustalx进行多序列比对,联合分析、比较它们的结构域。然后,构建EgrZFP6∷s GFP融合载体,采用基因枪轰击洋葱表皮方法对EgrZFP6蛋白表达进行亚细胞定位;同时,构建35S∷EgrZFP6超表达载体,采用花序侵染法进行拟南芥遗传转化;对获得的超表达拟南芥转基因纯合株系,分析其正常条件、低温、干旱和高盐等非生物逆境处理下的表型变化;利用酵母双杂交法筛选到与EgrZFP6互作蛋白Egr ERF4(Eucgr.F01164),并对低温、干旱和高盐等非生物胁迫下巨桉植株中Egr ERF4的表达情况用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法进行分析。【结果】巨桉EgrZFP6编码蛋白为1个典型C2H2型锌指结构蛋白,有2个包含QALGGH序列的植物特有锌指结构域,1个乙烯响应元件结合因子相关双性抑制子EAR基序和1个L-box基序;亚细胞定位结果表明EgrZFP6表达蛋白定位在细胞核中;与野生型对照相比,EgrZFP6超表达的拟南芥转化植株中,主根伸长生长受到一定抑制,对低温敏感性增强,PEG(1 g·L-1以上)处理能促进侧根增加和伸长,植株根伸长对高盐抑制作用的耐受性有一定程度提高。乙烯响应相关转录因子基因Egr ERF4编码蛋白能够与EgrZFP6编码蛋白互作;正常巨桉植株不同低温(-8,-4,0,4℃)2 h处理下,除-8℃外,Egr ERF4表达均呈现被诱导趋势;4℃低温不同时间(0.5,2,6,12,24,48 h)处理下,基因也被诱导表达;干旱条件下,随处理时间延长,基因表达被严重抑制,而高盐(200 mmol·L-1)胁迫则能促进Egr ERF4表达。【结论】EgrZFP6转录因子可能通过与Egr ERF4互作参与巨桉低温、高盐和干旱胁迫响应。在低温胁迫下发挥负调控作用;而在干旱和高盐逆境条件下能通过改变植株根构型,一定程度上提高对逆境的适应能力。     

巨桉低温胁迫响应基因EgrCR的表达与功能

【目的】通过对巨桉中冷响应基因EgrCR(Eucgr.B02857)的蛋白序列特征、亚细胞定位、低温等非生物逆境条件下的表达以及拟南芥中该基因超表达株系的表型分析,探讨EgrCR基因在巨桉响应低温等非生物逆境中的作用。【方法】利用Protparam,PSIPRED,TMHMM,Mat Inspector和MEGA等生物信息学软件,预测EgrCR编码蛋白结构特征、启动子上的重要顺式作用元件,并构建其同源蛋白序列进化树;同时,采用基因枪轰击洋葱表皮方法进行基因编码蛋白亚细胞定位分析;组织特异性表达及低温等非生物逆境及昼夜节律下的表达分析,分别采用半定量和定量RT-PCR方法。通过构建35S::EgrCR超表达载体转化拟南芥,观察转基因株系在不同低温(0,4℃)处理下的表现,研究该基因对低温响应的功能特性。【结果】EgrCR编码的蛋白序列含有144个氨基酸,二级结构中包含4个α螺旋、3个β折叠,没有预测到结构域、跨膜域的存在。在进化的亲缘关系上,EgrCR与毛果杨中的同源蛋白亲缘关系最近,氨基酸序列相似度达到68%。在其启动子序列上含有多个与植物逆境响应相关的顺式作用元件。亚细胞定位结果表明其编码蛋白在核中表达。正常条件下,EgrCR主要在茎和叶中表达。不同低温(0,2,4,6,8℃)处理和4℃低温下随处理时间(2,6,12,24,48 h)的延长,EgrCR受到强烈的诱导。ABA(100μmol·L~(-1))对EgrCR表达没有明显影响,而NaCl(200 mmol·L~(-1))处理下则表现为先抑制后促进。昼夜节律也影响EgrCR的表达,光照下基因表达被诱导,黑暗条件下基因表达受抑制。拟南芥中EgrCR超表达转基因株系4℃处理条件下,花青素苷积累现象减轻;0℃处理3天再恢复生长1周后,超表达株系能快速恢复生长,表现出较强的耐低温能力。【结论】EgrCR基因参与巨桉低温胁迫响应,还可能参与巨桉的高盐胁迫响应,昼夜节律对其表达也有影响。     

巨桉非生物逆境响应基因EgrNAC1的基因结构和表达分析

【目的】NAC(NAM,ATAF和CUC2蛋白)是植物中一类特异转录因子,广泛参与植物生长、发育、激素信号转导和逆境响应过程。本文通过对巨桉EgrNAC1(Eucgr.I00058)编码蛋白结构、蛋白亚细胞定位特点,以及低温、干旱和高盐等非生物逆境条件下的基因表达分析,研究EgrNAC1基因与非生物逆境响应的关系,为其功能的深入研究提供基础。【方法】首先从巨桉基因组数据库下载EgrNAC1基因、启动子和编码蛋白序列,利用SMART、MatInspector和MEGA等软件对EgrNAC1蛋白结构特征、进化分类及启动子上的顺式作用元件进行分析;并以pCAMBIA1300为基础载体,用酶切法构建EgrNAC1∷sGFP载体,采用基因枪轰击洋葱表皮方法,对EgrNAC1蛋白表达的亚细胞定位特点进行研究。然后,以4℃不同时间处理的数字表达谱数据为基础,利用WGCNA软件进行基因共表达分析,了解低温下与EgrNAC1高度相关的共表达基因特征。为进一步了解EgrNAC1在不同非生物逆境处理下的表达特征,同样利用3个月巨桉无性系幼苗进行不同低温(-8,-4,0,4,8℃)、4℃不同时间(2,6,12,24,48 h)、高温(42℃)、高盐、干旱、脱落酸(ABA)和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)的不同处理,用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法对这些处理下EgrNAC1的表达情况进行分析。【结果】EgrNAC1中NAC结构域包含A,B,C,D,E 5个典型亚结构域,其中含2个α螺旋5个β折叠片结构,有核定位序列,无跨膜域。进化树构建结果表明,EgrNAC1属于NAC家族的Ⅰ类亚家族ATAF子组,逆境类NAC分类中属于SNAC-A亚类。EgrNAC1启动子序列上含有ABRE、MBS、MCS和DREB等大量与逆境胁迫相关的顺式作用元件。亚细胞定位结果表明EgrNAC1在核中表达。4℃不同处理时间(0,2,6,12,24,48 h)下与EgrNAC1共表达相关系数最高的20个基因中,大多数基因参与逆境胁迫响应相关的调控过程。不同时间处理下,叶片中EgrNAC1诱导水平随处理时间延长不断提高;不同低温下,4℃和8℃处理中EgrNAC1的诱导水平相对较高;干旱处理1天后基因表达即受到诱导,然后又有所下降;盐(200 mmol·L~(-1)NaCl)胁迫48 h,才能诱导EgrNAC1表达;100μmol·L~(-1)ABA和100μmol·L~(-1)MeJA均能诱导叶片中EgrNAC1基因表达,MeJA诱导速度更快,处理2 h后基因表达即明显提高,而ABA的诱导效应则需要24 h。【结论】EgrNAC1是参与巨桉逆境胁迫响应的1个NAC类转录因子基因,其不仅参与低温、干旱和高盐的非生物逆境胁迫响应,还可能与ABA、MeJA信号转导有交叉互作效应。     

ITS序列在桉树种质资源鉴定中的应用研究

利用ITS序列分析技术对3个桉树优良无性系广林巨尾桉5号(GLGU-5)、广林巨尾桉9号(GLGU-9)、广林尾叶桉4号(GLU-4)以及巨尾桉和尾叶桉实生苗材料进行位点差异性分析。并根据ITS序列变异特点对3个优良无性系与巨尾桉和尾叶桉实生苗进行分子鉴定。结果表明:(1)优良无性系的ITS扩增片段比巨尾桉、尾叶桉实生苗长38~45 bp,因此,无性系与尾叶桉、巨尾桉实生苗之间ITS序列的长度差异,可以作为区分无性系与巨尾桉和尾叶桉实生苗之间的依据;(2)无性系之间存在ITS碱基位点差异,这些位点差异可以作为无性系之间的鉴定依据。     

欧李Dof基因家族鉴定及非生物胁迫表达分析

【目的】探究欧李Dof(DNA-binding with one zinc finger)锌指蛋白在非生物胁迫条件下的功能，为ChDof基因的研究与利用奠定基础。【方法】基于欧李全基因组和转录组数据对Dof基因家族进行鉴定，并利用实时定量PCR分析Dof基因在非生物胁迫下的表达情况。【结果】欧李共有23个Dof基因家族成员，其编码区CDS序列长度为226～515 bp，相对分子质量为24 227.52～55 368.21，理论等电点为4.78～9.36，且其在欧李的8条染色体上都有分布。在构建欧李和拟南芥的系统进化树中发现，欧李共分为9个亚组，同一亚族成员中的基因结构和蛋白保守基序均具有较高的相似性，且欧李Dof基因家族成员主要分布在D1亚组中。在对其亚细胞定位时发现，绝大多数ChDof基因主要分布于细胞核中。对欧李Dof家族成员启动子区域顺式调控元件的预测结果表明，其启动子区存在着至少1个激素调节及逆境胁迫反应元件。qRT-PCR分析结果表明，绝大多数的ChDof基因在盐、高温和低温胁迫下的表达量均上调，而ChDof11、ChDof12、ChDof17基因在盐、渗透（PEG）、高温和...     

铝胁迫下不同桉树无性系叶差异蛋白表达分析

为了研究桉树不同无性系在铝处理下的叶片蛋白表达的差异,并从分子生物学角度预测与阐释桉树耐铝性机制,以巨尾桉(Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla)9号、巨尾桉(E.grandis×E.urophylla)12号、韦赤桉(E.wetarensis×E.camaldulensis)3号和尾叶桉(E.urophylla)4号苗木为材料,并对其进行铝处理。结果表明:从4种无性系叶所得蛋白有明显的上调或下调表达。通过丰度计算,共得蛋白点(P0.05)98个,巨尾桉9号为14个、巨尾桉12号为38个、尾叶桉4号为33个、韦赤桉3号为13个。经质谱分析,有11个蛋白成功鉴定,包括1个Ru Bis CO、3个Ru Bis CO LSU、1个放氧增强蛋白、1个叶绿素a/b结合蛋白、3个2-半胱氨酸过氧化物酶、1个质体谷氨酰胺合成酶、1个3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶,其主要功能与植物自身N和能量代谢以及抗氧化和光合作用等有关。4种不同的桉树无性系应对铝胁迫时有不同的应答机制,差异蛋白质呈现不同的表达量,并且从该角度分析耐铝性最强的是巨尾桉9号,而较弱的是尾叶桉4号。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.