甜瓜野生近缘植物的染色体计数

以萌发种子根尖为材料,对9份甜瓜近缘植物和1份野甜瓜进行了染色体计数。结果表明:绝大部分试验材料的体细胞染色体数目为2n=24,与栽培甜瓜体细胞染色体数目相同,但在西印度瓜材料中发现体细胞染色体数2n=48、迪普沙瓜材料中出现体细胞染色体2n=44的现象。从甜瓜属植物染色体基数为7或12的分类出发,迪普沙瓜体细胞染色体2n=44不符合甜瓜属植物的染色体基数特征,可能与该材料栽培过程中染色体产生自然加倍和缺失有关。     

9种药剂防治瓜绢螟药效试验

瓜绢螟属鳞翅目,螟蛾科;亦称瓜螟,瓜野螟.主要为害冬瓜,黄瓜,甜瓜,西瓜,丝瓜,苦瓜,节瓜,番茄,茄子等蔬菜作物.为探索防治瓜绢螟高效药剂,筛选无公害蔬菜生产的理想药剂,在温岭市大溪镇念母洋村陈春夫种植大户,冬瓜塑料大棚反季节栽培地,进行瓜绢螟防治药剂品种试验.现将结果报导如下.     

大棚西瓜黄蓟马发生规律与防治技术初探

<正>黄蓟马又名瓜蓟马、瓜亮蓟马,属缨翅目蓟马科,以成虫、若虫锉吸心叶、嫩芽、幼果的汁液。主要寄主有黄瓜、茄子、冬瓜、苦瓜、西瓜、甜瓜和豆类等蔬菜。2006年以来,江西贵溪市大棚西瓜蔬菜种植面积逐年扩大,黄蓟马危害越来越重,尤其对大棚西瓜中后期生产造     

西瓜叶枯病的识别与无公害防治

西瓜叶枯病是西瓜生产中常发生的病害，该病还可危害甜瓜、黄瓜、南瓜、西葫芦、冬瓜、丝瓜等葫芦科的多种植物。该病常发生在生育的中后期，尤其是多雨季节或暴雨后。往往发病患且发展快，使瓜叶迅速变黑焦枯，严重影响产量和品质。     

冬瓜的营养价值及其综合利用研究进展

冬瓜（Benincasa hispida Cogn．）别名白’瓜、枕瓜、广瓜，冬瓜，原产于我国南方和印度，冬瓜的果实为葫芦科植物，全国各地均有栽培。冬瓜营养成分丰富，耐贮藏运输、耐热性强、肉质洁白、脆爽多汁，是适于现代化农产品加工的良好原料，而且它还具有利尿、清热、化痰、解渴等功效，在医药领域中也有着广泛的用途。长期以来，冬瓜一直被奉为一种价廉物美、药食兼用的佳品而受到消费者的青睐。     

海南省冬季瓜菜播种面积变化趋势分析

正近年来海南省冬季瓜菜播种面积保持增长态势,其中辣椒播种面积最大,其次是豇豆和苦瓜,丝瓜、长茄播种面积增长较快,黄瓜、冬瓜播种面积急剧下降,甜瓜播种面积持续增长,西瓜播种面积总体下降明显。     

透过国际分析,看中国西瓜甜瓜的现状与未来

<正>1中国与世界的西瓜甜瓜1.1西瓜、甜瓜产业的重要性西瓜、甜瓜均是世界农业中的重要水果作物,其播种面积和产量在十大水果中分别居第4和第8位。土耳其的西瓜生产和西班牙的甜瓜生产在其农业生产中占有重要位置,俄罗斯、美国、日本、韩国、墨西哥、印度等国在西瓜、甜瓜生产与研究方面具有     

黑龙江和吉林两省与俄罗斯发展蔬菜贸易的比较优势

1气候上的比较优势蔬菜是草本植物，科、属、类别很多。一般按蔬菜的食用部分为标准，可以把蔬菜划分为：瓜菜类，属于葫芦科，包括黄瓜、西瓜、甜瓜、南瓜、冬瓜、越瓜、苦瓜、丝瓜、西葫芦等属；叶菜类，包括白菜、芹菜、菠菜等属；果菜类，包括西红柿、茄子、豆角等属；根菜类，包括土豆（马铃薯、山药蛋、芋头）、地瓜、萝卜、胡萝卜、芥菜；野菜类，包括蒲公英、苦菜、苋菜等属；山野菜类，包括蕨菜、黄花菜、茼蒿、蘑菇等属。我国黑龙江省、吉林省地理环境优越，各类蔬菜都可以生产。而我国邻居俄罗斯由于地理环境约束，蔬菜品种很有限，瓜菜类只有西瓜、甜瓜、南瓜，仅仅在欧洲部分的黑海沿岸有生产，根菜以土豆为主。黑龙江、吉林发展蔬菜生产与俄罗斯相比，在气候上比较优势见表1。     

春茬甜瓜日光温室栽培技术

甜瓜又称香瓜,与黄瓜、西瓜、角瓜等同属葫芦科的瓜类蔬菜,这些蔬菜都是喜温蔬菜,采用日光温室栽培甜瓜可有效提高温度,满足甜瓜对高温的要求,显著根高其产量和品质.     

中国西瓜甜瓜的发展回顾

２０００年是世纪之交的一年,２１世纪将是我国实现四个现代化,走向繁荣富强的世纪。中国西瓜甜瓜在２０世纪８０～９０年代获得了空前的发展,回首中国西瓜甜瓜的发展历程,我们对未来更加充满信心,将努力继往开来,让西瓜甜瓜业为增加农民经济收入,促进农村经济发展和农业的现代化做出更大的贡献。１我国的西瓜甜瓜生产历史悠久,２０世纪８０～９０年代发展迅速,规模居世界首位 我国西瓜的栽培历史已有１０００多年,甜瓜（薄瓜甜瓜）则有３０００多年。西瓜甜瓜生产在我国的传统产区有河南开封、山东德州、新疆吐鲁番、甘肃兰州和…     

Fruit Cracking in Mango (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mangifera indica</Emphasis> L.) cv. ‘Dashehari’

The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is native to South and Southeast Asia, from where it has been distributed worldwide to become one of the most cultivated fruits in the tropics. It is the national fruit of India. In India, harvest and sale of mangoes take place during March-May and the fruits have high economic value in India. Studies were first time conducted on mango fruits to observe the severity of fruit cracking incidence. The stone was exposed in case of longitudinal type cracking and never exposed in star type cracking. The longitudinal cracking was 3.8, 3.4 and 1.7 % and star type cracking was 0.3, 1.8 and 0.02 % during 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. The lesser pulp thickness and higher stone weight in fruit cracked samples may have responsible for fruit cracking. There was a close relationship between fruit cracking and 3 months average weather conditions. The maximum temperature had positive relation with total fruit cracking.     

Genetic diversity analysis in the traditional and improved ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) clones cultivated in North-East India

Identification of clonal or genotypic variations is a prerequisite for ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) improvement programmes. Genetic diversity analysis was carried out in a set of forty-nine ginger clones cultivated in North-East India using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The set included clones of released varieties and clones collected from various parts of North East India. Jaccard's genetic similarity, cluster analysis and principal component analysis identified five clusters. Cluster V included four clones traditionally cultivated in the Indian state of Meghalaya known for production of high-quality ginger indicating that the clones were a good candidate for ginger improvement. Specific bands for these clones were also identified. Principal component analysis of the molecular data supported grouping of the clones into six hypothetical populations based on their source or location of collection.     

Pathogenesis-related (PR)-proteins: Chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in defense mechanism against malformation in mango (Mangifera indica L.)

Mango, the king of fruits in India is cultivated commercially in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Undoubtedly, mango malformation is a serious disease affecting mango production in India and many other countries around the world. It is now shown that the malady is inflicted by Fusarium, a fungus, and also that the plants have the capacity to suppress or reduce pathogen attack by inducing the synthesis of antimicrobial metabolites such as chitinase and/or the synthesis of lignin, both of which may enhance plant defense system. The present study was aimed at investigating the variability and relationship between activities of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and content of lignin in the leaves using 12 mango cultivars with the different degree of resistance to floral malformation. Results revealed that the activity of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in the leaves were significantly high in mango cultivars resistant to malformation (r = −0.90 and r = −0.91, respectively) during the flowering period, whereas lignin content did not show a significant correlation with malformation. The highest activity of chitinase (1.977–2.011 units) and β-1,3-glucanase (80.54–82.06 units) was recorded in resistant mango cultivars Bhadauran and Elaichi. In contrast, these activities were less than 1.010 and 25.21 respectively in highly susceptible mango cultivars such as Amrapali, Eldon and Neelum. Lignin content was highest in resistant cultivar Bhadauran, but it did not show significant relation to the malformation intensity of the cultivars. Thus, leaf chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase may be contributing towards resistance to malformation in mango and that the relative activities of these enzymes can be used as a criterion to predict and screen the mango germplasm and cultivars for resistance to floral malformation.     

Sacred sites as habitats of culturally important plant species in an Indian megacity

Cultural ecosystem services related to urban green spaces contribute significantly to liveable cities. While previous studies highlight the intersection of cultural ecosystem services with societal values, spiritual or religious values associated with urban nature have received less attention. In India, as in other parts of the world, sacred sites are known for their biological richness, but analyses from urban sacred sites are largely missing. Based on a stratified random sampling approach, we analysed the cultivated and wild plant species assemblages of 69 sacred sites in the megacity of Bengaluru, India, in relation to biological and cultural features, and parameters related to the urban matrix and type of sacred sites (temple vs. katte). Unlike other urban studies, we found a dominance of native species in the cultivated and spontaneous species pools (121 species in total), with Ficus religiosa and Azadirachta indica as most frequently planted species. Culturally relevant species prevailed in the species pool (89%), with overlaps between religious (36%), medicinal (50%) and ornamental (62%) plants; only 11% of species were weeds. Urban matrix parameters (age of development, housing density) and size and type of sacred sites were related to differences in species assemblages. We identified key species for different classes of age and housing density, and for types of sacred sites. Our study demonstrates that urban sacred sites have an important potential in harbouring both native and culturally significant species that can support urban livelihoods in developing countries by a range of cultural and provisioning ecosystem services, including medicinal uses. As such sites are conserved by communities for spiritual or cultural beliefs, local biodiversity can be enhanced, e.g. by adapting management practices through community participation. This would strengthen the important contribution of sacred sites within the green infrastructure of rapidly growing megacities.     

保护地专用番茄新品种宇航5号的选育

宇航5号是以经航天诱变处理后选育的自交系0428-3-4-H1-H为母本,以0439-2-3-H2-H为父本配制而成的保护地专用番茄一代杂种。无限生长类型,早熟,果实高圆形,成熟果粉红色,无绿果肩,单果质量220～280 g,果实硬度高、品质优良、耐贮运。可溶性固形物、VC、总酸含量分别为6.4%、234 mg?kg-1、4.74 g?kg-1,田间调查对番茄晚疫病、叶霉病的抗性强于对照中杂9号和中研958。总产量达7 940 kg?（667 m2）-1,适宜保护地秋延后和春提早栽培。     

细叶百合的生殖特性和繁育规律研究

 研究结果表明, 栽培条件下2年生细叶百合实生苗中不抽茎、抽茎不开花和开花的比例分别为: 38.79% , 47.66%和13.55%。3年生和4年生细叶百合全部开花, 且开花比例随栽培年龄增加而增大。花粉和胚珠比为: 栽培164.9～175.2; 野生284.4～315.6, 其繁育系统为兼性自交。全光栽培下, 相对生殖成功率随植株年龄增加而增大, 2年生植株, 全光条件的相对生殖成功率是林下的7.5倍; 野生与全光下的相对生殖成功率相差无几。在开花前5 d其柱头即有可授性, 花前1 d授粉的结实率最高。细叶百合无多父本效应, 单一父本结实率和种子产量反而较高。人工同株异花、自花授粉坐果率为自然传粉坐果率的1 /2左右, 毛百合及松叶百合的花粉对其生殖有很强的干扰作用。     

Enhancement of stress tolerance in mulberry

Mulberry is an economic tree being cultivated in China, India and several other Asian countries to feed the silkworm, Bombyx mori, as mulberry leaf is the only food material available for this insect. The recent burst in the industrialization and urbanization has considerably reduced the availability of land for agriculture purposes in these Asian countries. This, in turn, has added much pressure on many agro-based industries, including sericulture, to utilize the hitherto unutilized or marginally utilized areas for crop production. Sericulture, a rural agro-based industry, is attempting to expand mulberry cultivation to drought- and salinity-affected lands. Mulberry is only moderately tolerant to salinity and drought stresses, thus utilization of natural variations in stress tolerance does not hold much promise. Therefore, efforts are being taken to develop stress-tolerant varieties using modern biotechnological methods, including transgenesis. This paper provides an overview of the progress made to achieve this latter goal, highlighting the problems and prospects. Different methodologies used to achieve transgenic mulberry, their merits and demerits are also discussed.     

西瓜专用砧木新品种苏砧2号的选育

苏砧2号是以印度南瓜种自交系15S-32为母本,以印度南瓜种自交系15S-27为父本配制而成的南瓜类型西瓜专用砧木一代杂种。该砧木出苗整齐,茎秆青绿、粗壮,髓腔紧实,子叶平展、大小适中,嫁接易操作,嫁接亲和性好、成活率高;高抗西瓜枯萎病,田间对蔓枯病的抗性强于对照京欣砧4号,前期耐寒、后期耐热性突出。嫁接苗生长后期不易早衰。易坐果,增产效果较好,平均达12.3%以上;对果实品质影响较小,能增加果实中心糖含量,综合性状优良。适宜江苏及相似地区春提早保护地西瓜嫁接栽培。     

Identification and characterisation of incompatibility factors in Hamelia patens Jacq. (Rubiaceae)

Summary

Hamelia patens Jacq., commonly called firebush, is a fast-growing, semi-woody, evergreen, perennial shrub in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to central southern Florida, USA and is cultivated on a wider scale as an ornamental plant in home gardens of India. From previous analyses, it was found that sexual reproduction in H. patens was limited due to self-incompatibility and was overcome by intraspecific pollination between morphologically different accessions. Diffusion plate assays, spectrophotometric analysis, and in vitro bioassays were conducted to measure RNase activity among stigma proteins. After compatible cross-pollination, the RNase activity was less than during incompatible pollination. RNase activity was present in extracts as well as leachates of the stigma. Diffusion plate assays and spectrophotometric assays were used to measure the RNase activity. In vitro assays revealed that RNase activity was essential for the inhibition of pollen tube growth. Our study confirmed that RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility operates in H. patens.     

番茄新品种瑞丰的选育

瑞丰是以自交系J3-106作母本,以Y145-105作父本配制而成的番茄一代杂种。无限生长类型,中熟,高抗番茄花叶病毒病（ToMV）。果实高扁圆形,成熟果大红色,耐贮运,单果质量200～300 g,不易产生畸裂果,商品性好,一般每667 m2产量5 000 kg左右,适于山西地区露地栽培。