携带猪流行性腹泻病毒S1抗原表位的乙肝核心抗原病毒样颗粒的构建与鉴定

旨在构建以乙肝核心抗原(HBcAg)为载体呈现猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)S1抗原表位的病毒样颗粒.将PEDV S1蛋白中含B细胞表位的270 bp片段插入到HBcAg主要免疫显性区域(MIR),构建重组质粒pET-32a(+)-HBcAg-PEDV S1,转化到感受态细胞BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导表达,SD...     

猪流行腹泻病毒N蛋白表达与PPA-ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

为建立一种快速的猪流行性腹泻病毒抗体检测方法,本研究参照已发表的猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)N基因序列,RT-PCR扩增了长约1 300 bp的N基因片段,连接pET30a表达载体后获得了以可溶性形式表达的重组N蛋白.重组蛋白纯化后,经免疫印迹检测证明具有良好的抗原性和特异性.以该蛋白作为诊断抗原,建立检测PEDV抗体的PPA-ELISA诊断方法.该诊断方法具有良好的敏感性、特异性和重复性,为PEDV的快速诊断、免疫猪群抗体监测和PEDV流行病学调查提供了一种快速、简便的血清学诊断方法.     

PEDV流行株N基因主要抗原表位原核表达及ELISA方法的建立

为建立检测猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)N蛋白抗体的ELISA方法,应用RT-PCR从腹泻仔猪样本中扩增获得了1段PEDV河南流行毒株N基因全长序列,根据对其氨基酸序列的抗原性分析结果,将N基因上2个大的抗原表位区(112³21位氨基酸)克隆至原核表达载体pET-32α,构建pET-32α-N重组质粒并转化至宿主菌BL21(DE3)中。将重组菌在37℃条件下加入IPTG进行诱导使该蛋白获得了高效表达,表达产物为融合蛋白,相对分子质量约41 300。Western-blot分析表明,所表达的蛋白可与抗PEDV全病毒小鼠阳性血清发生反应。以纯化的重组N蛋白作为包被抗原建立了检测PEDV抗体的间接ELISA方法,抗原最佳包被量0.226μg/孔,血清最佳稀释度为1∶100,二抗最佳稀释度为1∶2 000,待检血清D450值≥0.28判定为阳性。国内首次用该方法对临床猪血清样本进行了检测,母猪血清PEDV抗体阳性率为84.26%(166/197),仔猪血清阳性率为27.93%(31/111)。结果表明,建立的间接ELISA方法特异性、灵敏性和可重复性良好,可用于临床上PEDV抗体水平的监测和PED流行病学调查。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒COE蛋白的原核表达及免疫原性分析

为表达猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)中和抗原表位COE蛋白,分析其免疫原性,为PEDV的检测和亚单位疫苗的开发奠定基础.参考GenBank中PEDV COE基因序列,人工合成并经生物信息学综合分析后,将合成的基因片段插入原核表达载体pET-32a(+),构建...     

猪流行性腹泻病毒N蛋白的原核表达及生物学活性鉴定

为研究猪流行性腹泻病毒（Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV）的N蛋白特性及在诊断中的应用,本研究采用RT-PCR方法从猪流行性腹泻病毒FJ-11A株中扩增其N蛋白基因片段,并将其克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a上,构建原核表达重组质粒pET32a-PEDV-N,进行条件优化诱导表达、SDS-PAGE、Western blot和ELISA试验。结果表明,该重组目的蛋白（约60 kDa）得到表达,且具有良好的免疫学活性,该研究为开发猪流行性腹泻病毒诊断方法和研究N蛋白功能奠定基础。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒主要结构蛋白在杆状病毒中的表达及免疫原性分析

为了研制一种有效控制猪流行性腹泻的疫苗,本试验设计了两对引物,分别扩增猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)主要抗原表位S1(S蛋白中一个有效的抗原位点)和M蛋白的基因。将两段基因克隆到杆状病毒双表达载体pFastBacTMDuai中,构建了重组转移质粒pFBD-S1-M,并将其转化至DH10BacTM感受态细胞中制备重组穿梭质粒Bacmid-S1-M,转染Sf9昆虫细胞后,拯救出能够共表达S1和M蛋白的重组杆状病毒rBacmid-S1-M。表达产物经过SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测,共表达的重组S1和M蛋白产物能够与PEDV多克隆抗体发生特异性反应,表明共表达的蛋白具有良好的反应原性。本研究为PEDV基因工程亚单位疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒流行毒株S1蛋白的原核表达与鉴定

为了获得具有良好活性的猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)流行毒株重组蛋白,试验采用PCR扩增、克隆、诱导表达、Western-blot检测、间接ELISA等方法对PEDV流行毒株S1蛋白的主要抗原区域进行了原核表达、鉴定与初步应用研究。结果表明:经PCR扩增得到大小为1 095 bp的S1蛋白主要抗原区域基因;将目的片段定向克隆至pET-30a原核表达载体中,经IPTG诱导获得大小为48. 0 ku的重组蛋白; Western-blot检测显示,重组蛋白可与PEDV阳性血清发生特异性反应;用以重组蛋白为包被抗原初步建立的PEDV抗体间接ELISA方法检测PEDV感染猪场,其阳性感染率达98. 52%,无PEDV免疫史和感染史猪场的阳性感染率为0。说明试验获得了具有良好生物学活性的PEDV流行毒株重组蛋白。     

猪流行性腹泻IgA抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

将猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)pET-32a-S1D重组表达质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL-2l(DE3)感受态细胞,并成功表达目的蛋白S1D。以纯化后蛋白作为抗原,建立了针对乳汁中PEDV的IgA抗体间接ELISA检测方法。确定最佳抗原包被浓度为1μg/mL;乳汁最佳稀释度为1∶10。该检测方法敏感性高,可重复性好。该研究建立的间接ELISA方法为母猪乳汁中猪流行性腹泻病毒IgA抗体的检测提供了一种快速简便的诊断方法。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒COE蛋白原核表达及其反应原性的初步鉴定

为了研究猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)的优势抗原表位COE可溶性原核表达及其反应原性,试验采用RT-PCR方法扩增出COE基因,将其克隆至原核表达载体p MAL-C5X上,构建重组质粒p MAL-C5X-COE,经测序鉴定正确后转化Rosetta感受态细胞,并进行IPTG诱导表达和Westernblot验证。结果表明:重组菌p MAL-C5X-COE表达的融合蛋白MBP-COE的分子质量约为57 ku,优化的诱导条件为IPTG浓度0.8 mmol/L、诱导时间4 h,诱导温度30℃,重组蛋白以可溶性蛋白形式存在于菌体中,融合蛋白与兔抗PEDV多克隆抗血清发生特异的免疫印迹反应。说明原核表达的COE融合蛋白可溶且具有良好的反应原性。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒纤突蛋白S1抗原表位的串联表达及免疫原性分析

为了获得猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PEDV)纤突蛋白S1抗原表位的串联重组蛋白并评价其免疫原性，试验将S1蛋白的抗原表位COE和S1D连接起来组成串联表位S1CD,合成相应的基因片段后克隆至转移载体pFastBac1上，然后转化到大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞中，通过蓝白斑和PCR扩增筛选重组杆状病毒穿梭质粒Bacmid-S1CD,再转染Sf9昆虫细胞获得重组杆状病毒，采用间接免疫荧光试验和Western-blot检测方法鉴定重组蛋白S1CD的表达情况。将小鼠随机均分为S1CD蛋白组、PEDV灭活疫苗组和PBS组，分别经背部皮下多点注射重组蛋白S1CD、PEDV HeN170821灭活病毒和PBS与弗氏佐剂等体积混合制成的抗原，检测特异性IgG抗体水平及白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)含量以评价重组蛋白S1CD的免疫原性。结果表明：重组蛋白S1CD成功在Sf9昆虫细胞中表达，并能与鼠抗His单克隆抗体和PEDV阳性血清发生特异性反应；首次免疫后第28天，S1CD蛋白组的特异性IgG抗体水平极显著高于PBS组(...     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.