不同施肥处理对大豆根际土壤微生物及土壤肥力影响

为研究不同施肥方式对大豆根际土壤微生物数量及土壤肥力影响,采用无肥、常规肥、有机肥、常规施肥+生物肥4种肥料处理,分别于大豆播种前、苗期、花期、鼓粒期和成熟期对大豆根际土壤的细菌、真菌、放线菌进行测定.结果表明:肥料的施用可提高土壤微生物的数目及土壤肥力,其中有机肥处理与常规肥+生物肥处理在大豆各生育时期可明显增加土壤...     

荞麦—大豆轮作条件下不同配比N、P、K肥对作物产量与土壤肥力的影响

为指导荞麦—大豆轮作模式合理施肥，2018—2019年在赤峰市农牧科学研究所试验基地，采用“3414”肥料效应设计方案分析不同配比N、P、K肥对荞麦、大豆产量和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明，在一定范围内，P、K肥配合施用能显著增加荞麦产量，且P肥的作用大于K肥，而N肥的施用则不利于荞麦产量的提高。荞麦季施用肥料的后效亦能显著增加轮作大豆产量，其中K肥后效大于N肥，P肥后效最小。大豆收获后，土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均比荞麦季低。各处理土壤有效磷和速效钾含量均低于试验前的基础值，缺磷区、缺钾区、全肥区3个处理的土壤碱解氮含量仍高于试验前的基础值。因此，大豆季应根据实际需肥规律适当补充N、P、K肥，以提高大豆产量和土壤养分含量。     

北部高寒地区大豆高产栽培技术

几年来，讷河市经过对“大豆大面积高产综合配套技术的研究开发与示范”课题的实施，总结出了北部高寒地区大豆综合高产栽培技术。１伏秋整地，连片种植本市土壤肥沃，土壤容重较低，通透性好，保肥、水能力强，给大豆高产创造了最基本的条件，可以调节土壤内部水、肥、气...     

林木废弃物松皮树对大豆孢囊线虫病防治效果及大豆生长的影响

利用林木加工废弃物松树皮粉作为土壤处理剂的盆栽和田间研究结果表明，松树皮粉剂处理土壤后，减轻了大豆孢囊线虫对大豆根系的侵染与为害，根系寄生孢囊数和土壤孢囊量明显降低，对大豆孢囊线虫病的田间防治效果为46.88％。同时，促进了土壤中有益大豆根瘤菌的侵染和根瘤着生、大豆根瘤数、根瘤重和植株干物重显著增加，具有防病增产的作用。     

"科丰"黄萎叶喷剂防治大豆孢囊线虫技术效果

应用结果表明：科丰牌大豆黄萎叶喷剂在苗期，不同用量防治效果均很明显，喷后二天叶片转录，3－5天田间已不再发黄，10天黄萎症状基本消失。667m^2用量150g防治效果最好，增产大豆63.3kg，增产37．8％。     

土壤水分胁迫对大豆连作植株生长及病害影响

大豆是土壤水分比较敏感的作物，水分胁迫对大豆连作植株生育影响超过了连作本身的障碍因素影响；水分胁迫加剧了连作大豆苗期病害。病株率与土壤含水呈显著负相关。土壤含水大于１９０ｇ／ｋｇ至２００ｇ／ｋｇ，连作大豆栽培障碍最轻。     

大豆不同轮作系统主要植物线虫季节动态

为从线虫生态角度评价土壤健康状况和大豆轮作系统的合理性及预测大豆根部病害发生与为害,利用浅盘法收集大豆不同轮作系统下苗期、花期和结荚期土壤线虫,研究大豆不同生育期土壤总体线虫和重要属植物线虫群体动态.取大豆连作14年、小麦-玉米-大豆轮作、麦豆麦豆迎茬、米豆米豆迎茬和休闲区0～20 cm土壤.结果表明:土壤中胞囊线虫密度为迎茬(米豆、麦豆)轮作连作休闲;从大豆苗期、花期至结荚期,各轮作系统胞囊线虫密度逐渐递增,麦豆迎茬和轮作土壤中总体线虫密度呈递增趋势,各轮作系统苗期和花期土壤总体线虫差异显著;3个时期,轮作土壤中总体线虫密度分别最大,而休闲土壤中螺旋-盘旋-拟盘旋线虫为优势种群.     

控释肥对大豆根际土壤微生物数目、肥力及大豆农艺性状的影响

采用无肥、常规肥、控释尿素和控释复合肥4种肥料处理,于大豆播种前和成熟期对大豆根际土壤的细菌、真菌、放线菌采用平板计数法进行测定;并对大豆成熟期根际土壤微生物数量变化、土壤养分含量变化及大豆农艺性状及产量相关因素进行分析.结果表明:与无肥和常规肥比较,控释尿素和控释复合肥可明显增加土壤中细菌、真菌及放线菌数目,并且控释...     

大豆肥田机制的研究Ⅳ.大豆对耕层土壤微形态的动态影响

本研究采取培养液法和偏光显微镜法研究了大豆对耕层土壤形态的动态影响。结果表明，1、以大豆根系代谢培养液处理干筛1-2mm团聚体，可使其14%成为水稳性团聚体，达到1%的显著水平。2、耕层土壤的团聚体品质及其垒结状况的改善是随着大豆生育进程逐渐形成的；尤以大豆苗期和开花期的两个代谢高峰为耕层土壤团聚体品质的改善提供的胶结构质最多；随着大豆的生长发育，期根系的穿插，挤压作用为耕层土壤复合性团聚体的形成提供了动力。     

滨海潮壤土区高浓度专用复肥对大豆的增产效果

滨海潮壤土区高浓度专用复肥对大豆的增产效果李焕玲，傅兆麟（山东省滨州地区农科所，２５６６００）针对鲁北滨海潮壤土养分状况和大豆需肥特点，配制、开发了适合该地区的高浓度专用复肥。试验地选在鲁北滨海潮壤土上（滨州市），播前土壤养分含量为：有机质８．９８／...     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.