世界鱼类产量的增长、组成和利用

1955年至1970年的15年间，全世界各国捕获的鱼类总产量增长了一倍多，9,3，0007／吨增至7，000万吨(图1)。1970年以来产量变动于6，500万吨到7，350万吨之间。产量低于通常水平主要是秘鲁鳀鱼渔业几乎完全崩溃的结果。过去6年为人类直接消费用的鱼类产量继续增长．研究这种趋势的原因是有教益的。     

1986年世界鱼品贸易兴旺

<正> 据联合粮农组织报道,主要进口国家对鱼类和鱼品要求殷切,使所有主要鱼种的价格有所上涨。1986年国际市场的水产品贸易达1,300万吨,即增长4%,贸易额达到创纪录的230亿美元,即增长20%。     

世界各国鱼类消费及渔获物利用现状

世界渔业对人类提供蛋白源作出了贡献。从世界备国近年来的总产量发展及渔获物利用情况就可以证实，不论在欧、美，还是社会主义国家都具有很重要的位置，在国民经济中占有一定比重。尤其在沿海城镇的经济发展中起着举足轻重的作用。因此，它为人类食品的改善和促进经济发展，人民生活水平的提高发挥出了一定作用。     

世界渔获量及国际水产品贸易分析

随着世界渔获量和鱼品贸易量的继续增长,许多事实迫使国际水产品贸易结构作出相应调整。如虾类贸易市场疲软,价格骤跌,金枪鱼市场稳定,头足类市场中的鱿鱼供过于求,这些问题将是未来渔业调整方案的重点。     

1981年世界渔获量与水产品贸易

<正> 据联合国粮农组织初步统计表明,世界渔获量从1980年的7,240万吨增至1981年的7,370万吨,增长2%。发达国家的渔获量增长0.8%,其中增长最多的是日本,从1,107.5万吨增至1,156.5万吨,增长4.3%。欧洲经济共同体从499.7万吨增至510.6万吨,增长2.2%。整个西欧从1,110.6万吨增至1,123.1万     

国际水产品贸易在世界贸易中的作用和地位

水产品贸易是国际食品贸易的一部分。近年来,由于人们认识到食鱼有利于健康,因此,水产品贸易发展迅速。本文试以过去25年世界水产品贸易的发展、变化和未来预铡,来纵观其在世界贸易中的作用和地位。     

日本的鱼类加工业

应日本国“丸红”和“日鲁”公司之邀，去年十月我随农业部“水产品加工考察团”，赴日本考察。先后在东京、京都、长崎、新泻等十多个城镇，实地考察了近廿个水产品加工厂，渔业场、码头、游钓场，研究所和博物馆。尽管是走马观花，但对全日本的水产品加工业及市场消费，确有许多了解。     

中上层鱼类的部分食品加工利用现状

一、中上层鱼类生产和加工利用的简况 中上层鱼类自五十年代以来产量不断增加，目前约占世界海洋渔业总产量的3／5。主要是：鲐鱼类(Pneumatophorus Japonicus)、沙丁鱼类(Sardinia melanosticta)和竹篓鱼类(Traehurus Iaponica)。此外，数量较大的还有日本鲤鱼、玉筋鱼、秋刀鱼等。     

日本多获性中上层鱼类的利用与研究

近年来，随着捕捞技术的发展和鱼类资源状况的变化，中上层鱼类的产量亦随之提高，约占世界海洋渔业总产量的五分之三。1979年世界海洋性鱼类产量为5514万吨，鲱、沙丁、鯷类鱼占1564万吨。1979年日本海洋性鱼类总产量817.07万吨，其中日本鲐为159．07万吨。     

鱼蛋白的综合利用途径2.酸贮液体鱼蛋白

酸贮液体鱼蛋白是开发低值鱼及水产加工废弃物中鱼蛋白的有效途径之一,本文就酸贮液体鱼蛋白的生产和使用状况进行了分析和讨论,并将鱼粉和酸贮液体鱼蛋白二者进行了比较。     

鱼蛋白的综合利用途径1.鱼粉

就有关低值鱼及水产加工废弃物中鱼蛋白的开发研究及应用情况做系列介绍,本文就低值鱼蛋白主要利用形式即鱼粉进行了分析和讨论。     

世界鱼粉、鱼油的产销最新发展现状

本文叙述了近年来世界各国鱼粉和鱼油的产销新变化，侧重了对日本、秘鲁、智利及中国等国鱼粉鱼油产销变化及加工鱼粉、鱼油原料鱼的海洋捕捞渔获量和对现有资源量的鱼类进行了较系统的分析，并对当今鱼粉、鱼油国际市场上的贸易量及行情进行了论述。     

世界主要渔业产量和贸易

本文作者搜集国外文献，对世界主要渔业产量和贸易进行编译和整理。内容包括：底鱼渔业、虾类渔业、头足类渔业、金枪鱼渔业等，对我国水产和外贸部门有一定的参考价值。     

Cyanide-free Net-caught Fish for the Marine Aquarium Trade

The International Marinelife Alliance (IMA) has been training collectors in the Philippines and Indonesia to use barrier-nets rather than sodium cyanide to capture marine-aquarium fish. Despite the training, collectors have been slow to switch to using nets because they can earn more using cyanide. A new Philippine export company has agreed to pay the collectors more for net-caught fish and to adhere to standards being set by the USA-based Marine Aquarium Council. The IMA is monitoring the collectors and conducting cyanide testing to certify that the fish are net-caught and totally cyanide-free. Clearance certificates now accompany shipments of these marine-aquarium fish being shipped to wholesalers and retailers associated with the American Marine Dealers Association (AMDA) situated in the USA and Canada. AMDA members are being surveyed to assess whether the net-caught fish are more cost competitive compared to cyanide-caught fish for the marine ornamental fish trade because of reduced mortality through the chain from reef to retailer.     

女山湖鱼类区系及渔业利用的初步研究

通过对女山湖鱼类资源调查及渔获物统计分析，女山湖鱼类组成计61种，隶属于16科，首次采集增补了似刺鳊Qu、油Zhi、马口鱼；提出了改造其鱼类区系结构的途径及渔业利用措施。     

Profile of the Marine Aquarium Fish Trade in Hong Kong

A market survey and review of government statistics were carried out to establish imports and exports of marine ornamental fishes into and out of Hong Kong, and to examine the local trade in terms of volume, value and species composition. Official government import figures for marine aquarium fishes were available from 1984 to 1991 and from 1997 and 1998. When compared with net imports, export and re-export volumes over the 15-year period were small, indicating that most imports entered the local market, or were exported unrecorded. The market survey of marine aquarium shops in Hong Kong was carried out between August 1996 and January 1997. From this survey, an annual estimate of 957,563 coral reef fish was calculated for the local trade, valued at HK$57,453,780, with a mean retail price of HK$60 per fish. These figures account for an estimated 2–3% of the global value and volume of marine aquarium fish trade, according to 1992 figures and, compared with government figures, indicate that official declarations of imports are underreported by at least 2–3 fold. A total of 342 marine aquarium fish species, from 49 families, were recorded with about 60% belonging to the families Labridae, Chaetodontidae, Pomacanthidae and Pomacentridae. It was estimated that a large proportion of the trade was in juvenile fishes and almost all fish were less than 10cm in standard length. It was common to see fishes in poor condition, species hard to maintain in captivity, or those listed for conservation concern, on sale. There are no regulations for local traders of live marine fishes other than those relating to either protected species or animal welfare. Licensing of traders in marine fishes could be introduced under existing Hong Kong legislation if fishes were to be re-classified as animals. This is strongly recommended as a step towards regulating and managing the trade in Hong Kong.     

United States of America Trade in Ornamental Fish

Ornamental fish production is among the leading cash crops of the United States of America aquaculture economy, and retail value of the fish trade is worth approximately US$l,000 million. However, few studies exist to document this trade. Using import and export documents we report trends in total values for the U.S. trade in ornamental fish. Also, we determined the number and value of the most commonly imported ornamental fish. In 1992, approximately 201 million fish valued at $44.7 million were imported into the U.S. The port of Los Angeles handled 39% of all trade activity, Miami 22%, New York 16%, Tampa 6%, and Honolulu 6%. Freshwater fish accounted for approximately 96% of the total volume and 80% of the value of the imports. Most freshwater ornamental fish were farm-raised and imported from Southeast Asia. Most U.S. exports of ornamental fish were cultured in the state of Florida. Although saltwater fish had a high market value (20% of the declared value of the imports), the volume of these fish was only 4%. Most imported and exported saltwater ornamental fish were collected from the wild. Of the 1,539 species declared as ornamental fish, 32 species dominated the trade. These were all of freshwater origin. The guppy Poecilia reticulala and neon tetra Paracheirodon innesi were the most popular ornamental fish kept in U.S. households. The average prices paid for imported ornamental freshwater fish were 45 cents for egg layers and 22 cents for live bearers. The results of this study document the importance of the ornamental fish industry and identifies the most valuable species in the trade for potential domestic culture and protection in the wild.     

黑龙江鱼类开发利用浅析

黑龙江流域地处我国高寒地区,地理环境和鱼类区系组成特殊,形成了许多特有的名贵经济鱼类,为我国的渔业经济发展做出重大贡献。本文简要概述黑龙江流域的鱼类资源、黑龙江省渔业发展现状,以及主要经济鱼类的养殖状况,分析讨论黑龙江鱼类的生物学种质特点,以及目前名优鱼类的市场需求,并针对黑龙江鱼类的开发利用提出了几点建议。     

低值淡水鱼加工利用研究进展

世界水产养殖总产量中淡水鱼占 42 % ,产值占 34%。目前 ,发达国家的水产品加工率在 80 %以上 ,而我国的水产品加工率不足 30 % ,其中淡水鱼加工率不到 1 0 % ,部分原因是淡水鱼固有的土腥味给加工带来了难度。由于淡水鱼产品上市期比较集中 ,肉质细嫩 ,营养丰富 ,水分含量高 ,鱼体内组织酶活跃 ,易腐败。受贮藏加工条件的限制而造成的淡水鱼类腐败率在 30 %以上 ,我国淡水鱼加工技术的落后已经严重制约了淡水渔业的发展。本文就低值淡水鱼的加工现状进行了研究分析 ,提出了可能采用的途径 ,旨在为我国从事淡水鱼加工生产及综合利用研究方面…