Correction to: Precision agriculture research in sub-Saharan Africa countries: a systematic map

Precision Agriculture - A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-021-09796-w     

EGG PRODUCTION IN CHINA: CURRENT STATUS AND OUTLOOK

• China is now the largest egg production country worldwide• Egg production in China is characterized by diversity in several aspects• China is now capable of breeding new varieties, with more than 50% of the market share• Policies have been implemented to ensure sustainable development of egg production• Integrating crop-chicken-vegetable production system is establishedEggs are one of the most nutritious and affordable animal products worldwide. From 1985, egg production in China has retained the leading place in the world. A total of 33 Mt of eggs were produced in 2019 representing ˃ 40% of the world total production. Egg production in China is characterized by diversity in several aspects, including layer breeds, products and production systems. New breeds and synthetic lines are developed to improve the genetic potentials of egg production and feed efficiency of layers. In the past, layer farms were run mostly by small households with 100 to 1000 layers per farm. Over the past decades, egg production in China has developed toward standardization and expansion of production systems, and many of these modern intensive farms raise millions of layers. Although the Chinese egg products maintain strong competitiveness over other animal products and imported egg products, the egg industry will grow at a slower pace compared to the past. Chinese consumers are more concerned about the quality and safety of eggs and egg products, as well as the environmental issues related to animal production, which presents challenges for the Chinese egg industry.     

REINTEGRATION OF CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN EUROPE: AN OVERVIEW

• ICLS combines the benefits of specialization with increased resilience of the system.• Clear opportunities but also barriers for ICLS were observed.• ICLS need to be embedded within future environmental legislation.• ICLS systems with a range of intensities are needed to support a biodiverse landscape.Ongoing specialization of crop and livestock systems provides socioeconomic benefits to the farmer but has led to greater externalization of environmental costs when compared to mixed farming systems. Better integration of crop and livestock systems offers great potential to rebalance the economic and environmental trade-offs in both systems. The aims of this study were to analyze changes in farm structure and review and evaluate the potential for reintegrating specialized intensive crop and livestock systems, with specific emphasis on identifying the co-benefits and barriers to reintegration. Historically, animals were essential to recycle nutrients in the farming system but this became less important with the availability of synthetic fertilisers. Although mixed farm systems can be economically attractive, benefits of scale combined with socio-economic factors have resulted in on-farm and regional specialization with negative environmental impacts. Reintegration is therefore needed to reduce nutrient surpluses at farm, regional and national levels, and to improve soil quality in intensive cropping systems. Reintegration offers practical and cost-effective options to widen crop rotations and promotes the use of organic inputs and associated benefits, reducing dependency on synthetic fertilisers, biocides and manure processing costs. Circular agriculture goes beyond manure management and requires adaptation of both food production and consumption patterns, matching local capacity to produce with food demand. Consequently, feed transport, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient surpluses and nutrient losses to the environment can be reduced. It is concluded that reintegration of specialized farms within a region can provide benefits to farmers but may also lead to further intensification of land use. New approaches within a food system context offer alternatives for reintegration, but require strong policy incentives which show clear, tangible and lasting benefits for farmers, the environment and the wider community.     

GREEN AGRICULTURE AND BLUE WATER IN CHINA: REINTEGRATING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CLEAN WATER

• AGD aims for a green environment, sustainable agriculture and clean water. • Presenting examples of the impact of agriculture on water quality. • Presenting examples of solutions for sustainable agriculture and improved water quality. • Integration of livestock and cropping systems is possible on a farm or among farms. • Providing recommendations for further development of sustainable agriculture. Crop and livestock production are essential to maintain food security. In China, crop and livestock production were integrated in the past. Today, small backyard systems are still integrated but the larger livestock farms are landless and largely geographically separated from crop production systems. As a result, there is less recycling of animal manures and there are lower nutrient use efficiencies in the Chinese food production systems. This, in turn, results in considerable losses of nutrients, causing water pollution and harmful algal blooms in Chinese lakes, rivers and seas. To turn the tide, there is a need for agricultural “green” development for food production through reintegrating crop and livestock production. An additional wish is to turn the Chinese water systems “blue” to secure clean water for current and future generations. In this paper, current knowledge is summarized to identify promising interventions for reintegrating crop and livestock production toward clean water. Technical, social, economic, policy and environmental interventions are addressed and examples are given. The paper highlights recommended next steps to achieve “green” agriculture and “blue” water in China.     

POLICIES AND REGULATIONS FOR PROMOTING MANURE MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN CHINA: A REVIEW

• Manure utilization is hindered by separate specialist crop and livestock production systems. • Improving manure utilization requires organizations for manure exchange. • Policies and action plans for improving manure utilization are critically reviewed. • A manure chain approach with third-party contractors is recommended. Livestock numbers in China have more than tripled between 1980 and 2017. The increase in the number of intensive livestock production systems has created the challenges of decoupled crop and livestock systems, low utilization of manures in croplands, and subsequent environmental pollution. Correspondingly, the government has enacted a series of policies and regulations to increase the sustainability of livestock production. This paper reviews the objectives of these policies and regulations and their impacts on manure management. Since 2017 there have been two policy guides to speed up the appropriate use of manures, three action plans for increasing manure recycling, and one technical guide to calculate nutrient balances. Requirements of manure pollution control and recycling for improved environmental performance of livestock production systems were included in three revised environmental laws. Most recent survey data indicate that the utilization of livestock manures was 70% in 2017, including that used as fertilizer and/or for production of energy. The targets for manure utilization are 75% in 2020 and 90% in 2035. To achieve these targets and promote ‘green livestock production’, additional changes are needed including the use of third-party enterprises that facilitate manure exchange between farms and a more integrated manure nutrient management approach.     

PORK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN CHINA: A REVIEW OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT,CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS IN GREEN PRODUCTION

•Large-scale industrial pork production enterprises are preferred in China in the future.•Challenges to green pork production include emissions, feed shortage and residues.•Potential solutions to green production include precise feeding and manure recycling.This paper reviews the changes in pork production in China, the largest pork producing and consuming nation in the world. The pork sector in China has changed dramatically since the 1990s, with large-scale intensive pork production systems replacing the former, exclusively family-based pork production systems. Modern breeding, feeding, vaccinating, and management technologies are widely used now. However, smallholders still account for a large proportion of the total production. The intensification and specialization of the pork sector is expected to continue in the future, but there is increasing awareness and pressure to develop more environmentally-sustainable production systems. The relative shortage of domestically produced feed, the low utilization efficiency of feed ingredients, the large emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus to the environment, the high use of antibiotics, and the presence of residual metals in manures are very large challenges for the pork sector nowadays. To solve these problems, techniques including new feed resource utilization, precise feeding, low-protein diets, alternatives to antibiotics and increased manure recycling are all important topics and research directions today. With new techniques and management approaches, it is possible to build more sustainable pork production systems in China.     

LAND-USE INTENSIFICATION TRENDS IN THE RIO DE LA PLATA REGION OF SOUTH AMERICA: TOWARD SPECIALIZATION OR RECOUPLING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

• Current intensification trends in the Rio de la Plata need urgent re-direction.•Integrated crop-livestock systems reconcile food production with ecosystem services.•Case studies validate recoupling as a sustainable way to ecological intensification.The Rio de la Plata region comprises central Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil. Modern agriculture developed around 1900 with recent decades being characterized by the advance of cropping areas over native grasslands. Highly specialized agriculture has decoupled crop and livestock production but has succeeded in intensifying yields. However, significant losses of ecosystem services have been reported. Thus, questions have been raised on the sustainability of this pathway. A glance at world regions that have experienced similar trends suggests that an urgent course correction is needed. A major concern has been the lack of diversity in regions with highly specialized agriculture, promoting renewed interest in integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS), not only because ICLS are more diverse than specialized systems, but also because they are rare examples of reconciliation between agroecosystem intensification and environmental quality. Consequently, this paper discusses alternatives to redesign multifunctional landscapes based on ICLS. Recent data provide evidence that recoupling crop and animal production increases the resilience of nutrient cycling functions and economic indicators to external stressors, enabling these systems to face climate-market uncertainty and reconcile food production with the provision of diverse ecosystem services. Finally, these concepts are exemplified in case studies where this perspective has been successfully applied.     

NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY AND LOSSES OF INDUSTRIAL FARMS AND MIXED SMALLHOLDINGS: LESSONS FROM THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN

• Degree of integration of crop and livestock was insufficient on mixed smallholdings. • Liquid manure discharges on industrial farms hamper the closing of nutrient loops. • Coupling with local crop farms is encouraged to achieve integration of crop-livestock systems. The proportion of industrial livestock in China has increased over the past 30 years, which increases animal performance but causes the decoupling of crop and livestock production. Here, we aimed to quantify nutrient flows, nutrient use efficiency, and nutrient losses in different livestock systems in the North China Plain based on the NUFER-farm model. Activity data were collected by face-to-face surveys on pig and dairy (41 livestock farms) during 2016–2018. The two systems included industrial farms and mixed smallholdings. In mixed smallholdings, 4.0% and 9.6% of pig and dairy feed dry matter (DM) were derived from household farmland, but 4.8% and 9.3% of manure DM recycled to household farmland. Nutrient use efficiency in industrial farms was higher than in mixed smallholdings at animal level, herd level, and system level. To produce 1 kg N and P in animal products, nutrient losses in industrial pig farms (2.0 kg N and 1.3 kg P) were lower than in mixed pig smallholdings, nutrient losses in industrial dairy farms (2.7 kg N and 2.2 kg P) were slightly higher than in mixed dairy smallholdings. Liquid manure discharge in industrial farms was the main losses pathway in contrast to mixed smallholdings. This study suggests that feed localization can reduce nutrient surpluses at the district level. It is necessary to improve manure management and increase the degree of integrated crop-livestock in smallholdings. In industrial farms, it is desirable to increase the liquid manure recycling ratio through cooperating livestock and crop production at the district level.     

INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS: LESSONS FROM NEW YORK,BRITISH COLUMBIA,AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN UNITED STATES

• Livestock production in North America has moved to fewer farms with greater inventories • Land application of livestock manures is a preferred nutrient recycling strategy • Confined animal feeding operations have challenges to utilize livestock manure sustainably • Integration of livestock and cropping systems is possible on a farm or among farms • Nutrient balance is needed for environmental sustainability Livestock production in the United States (US) and Canada is diverse, but shows a common trend in most livestock sectors toward fewer farms producing the majority of animal products despite a large number of farms still small in production scale. The migration to larger and more concentrated animal feeding operations in beef finishing and poultry, swine, and dairy production allows processors to streamline supplies to meet market demand for abundant, low-cost livestock products, whether that be for packaged meat, dairy products, or eggs. With concentration of livestock operations comes the challenge of managing manures. When sufficient land is available and nutrients are needed, livestock manure is an excellent nutrient source and land application is the preferred method of recycling this resource. However, when livestock production is constrained in a geographical area and animal densities are high, manure may become an environmental liability with potentially greater risk for runoff and leaching of nutrients, emission of odors, ammonia, and greenhouse gases, and release to the environment of pathogens and chemicals of emerging concern. Addressing these challenges now and into the future requires learning from mistakes and adopting successful approaches. We describe different levels of integration between livestock and crop producers in New York, British Columbia, and the south-eastern US as learning opportunities to improve economic and environmental sustainability. Examples show that effective solutions should recognize (1) manure has value and is not just a cost, (2) farmers, farm advisors, extension educators, nutrient management planners, crop advisors, nutritionists, state agency personnel, regulators, and university researchers need to be active participants in development of solutions, and (3) change to a sustainable future requires a combination of government regulation and outcome-based incentives.     

乳腺癌TAC丑时化疗对化疗毒副作用影响的研究

目的 通过丑时化疗与普通时间化疗对乳腺癌患者血液学及非血液学毒性的比较,评价丑时化疗是否具有减毒作用及其安全性。方法 将已确诊的乳腺癌患者随机分成2组,观察组30例,对照组30例,每组完成3程TAC（多西他赛+多柔比星+环磷酰胺）/TEC（多西他赛+表柔比星+环磷酰胺）方案新辅助化疗,观察组丑时（1：00-3：00）化疗,对照组普通时间（14：30-17：30）化疗。定时观察血液分析、肝功能及恶心、呕吐情况,评估化疗毒副作用,通过监测患者化疗过程中的血常规、肝肾功能、心电图、心脏彩超等指标评价丑时化疗的安全性。结果 在第1、第2、第3程TAC/TEC化疗过程中,观察组恶心、呕吐程度均低于对照组,观察组白细胞、中性粒细胞水平均高于对照组（P<0.05）。在第1、第2、第3程TAC/TEC化疗的任一疗程中,血红蛋白、血小板、氨基转移酶（ALT、AST）两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。安全性分析：除相关监测指标外,在过敏反应、心脏毒性及外周神经系统毒性、肾毒性等副作用方面,两组均未发生影响生命安全事件。结论 丑时化疗在减轻TAC/TEC新辅助化疗所导致的恶心、呕吐方面优于普通时间化疗,在减轻血液学毒性相关粒细胞、白细胞缺乏方面优于普通时间化疗。丑时化疗能有效缓解部分TAC/TEC新辅助化疗所导致的毒副作用,此方法安全可行。     

黄河三角洲湿地不同植物群落土壤盐分分布特征

为研究黄河三角洲地区不同植物群落下土壤盐分含量的空间变化特征,以及盐分指标之间的关系,于2012年10月利用经典统计分析、变异分析等方法,开展了植物样地调查和土壤剖面采样分析。结果表明:研究区属于重盐土类型(含盐量>4.0 g·kg^-1)。水平方向沿柽柳群落-碱蓬群落-芦苇群落-棉花群落演替,土壤盐分含量呈逐渐降低之势。垂直方向上:柽柳群落和碱蓬群落土壤盐分随土壤深度的增加而减小,土壤盐分表现出明显的表层富集特征;芦苇群落和棉花群落土壤盐分表现为随土壤深度增加先增大后减小的趋势。盐分在不同植物群落类型中大多属于中等强度变异性,但是,柽柳群落中的SO42-、芦苇群落中的Mg²⁺和Cl^-在水平方向上表现出强烈的变异性,碱蓬群落中的CO32-在水平和垂直方向均表现出强烈的变异性,棉花群落中的CO32-在垂直方向上表现出强烈的变异性。在0~80 cm的土壤剖面土体中,K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Cl^-和HCO3-在前述4种植物群落中差异显著(P<0.05),而Mg²⁺、SO42-、CO32-则无明显差异。土壤中Cl^-含量与土壤全盐含量呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。因此,控制或减少Cl^-投入可能是一条减轻黄河三角洲地区土壤盐渍化程度的合适途径。     

黄鳝肠道假单胞杆菌铁蛋白基因的克隆及融合表达

细菌铁蛋白(bacterioferritin,Bfr)在细菌铁代谢过程中具重要作用。为分析黄鳝肠道假单胞杆菌铁蛋白基因Bfr的功能,以该菌基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增Bfr基因后将其克隆到pGEX-4T-1表达载体中。序列测定后转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导、GST-resin纯化柱分离纯化获得Bfr蛋白。用SDS-PAGE电泳及Western blot检测融合蛋白;用比色法检测融合蛋白的铁离子螯合能力,用液体培养法分析重组蛋白对假单胞杆菌生长的影响。实验结果表明:成功获得黄鳝肠道假单胞杆菌Bfr基因,并实现了Bfr基因的融合表达;带有融合标签的GST-Bfr蛋白与Fe³⁺和Fe²⁺均不能结合,而Bfr蛋白则可以结合Fe³⁺但不能结合Fe²⁺;在外源添加Fe³⁺情况下,重组Bfr蛋白可促进假单胞杆菌的营养生长。该研究为进一步深入了解假单胞杆菌铁蛋白基因的功能提供了参考资料。     

密度、氮肥及硼肥对紫色辣椒凤紫运1号的产量效应分析

采用三因素五水平二次回归正交旋转组合设计的方法,研究不同密度(x₁)、氮肥(x₂)及硼肥(x₃)对凤紫运1号紫色辣椒产量的影响,结果表明,三个因素线性项对辣椒产量影响为正向极显著,效应大小顺序是x₂>x₃>x₁,二次项影响为负向极显著,顺序是x12>x32>x22,x₁x₃互作效应正向极显著,x₁的边际效应最大。当定植密度4 123株·667m^-2,氮肥40.020 kg·667m^-2,硼肥1.000 kg·667m^-2时产量最高,为3 206.678 kg·667m^-2。综合因子频数分析表明,95%置信度下凤紫运1号产量高于2 500 kg·667m^-2的高产栽培的因子优化组合为:密度3 903~4 172株·667m^-2,氮肥施量31.186~36.081 kg·667m^-2,硼肥施量0.724~0.880 kg·667m^-2。     

山丘河谷平原潜水氮素浓度变化及其与土地利用的相关性

为分析山丘河谷平原地带农业集约化发展条件下地下潜水氮素情况,对浙江长乐江流域河谷平原地带地下潜水以月为单位连续采样分析,研究该地区地下潜水中氮素浓度的季节性动态变化和空间分布情况,并以各个采样点为圆心,分别提取每个样点周围8种半径(50、100、250、500、750、1 0000、1 250、 1 500 m)的圆形区域中各类土地利用类型面积,分析不同土地利用类型面积占比与地下潜水中氮素浓度的关系。结果表明,地下潜水中硝态氮(NO3--N)浓度总体平均值为(1.326±0.618) mg·L^-1,总氮(TN)浓度总体平均值为(2.717±1.614) mg·L^-1,地下潜水中TN与NO3--N浓度的时空变化呈现出高度的一致性,时间分布上两者浓度均在丰水期大于枯水期,空间分布上则从以园地(蔬菜、苗木)和耕地(水稻、油菜)为主要土地利用类型的区域向周边递减。各土地利用类型中,以园地对NO3--N和TN浓度值贡献最大。地下潜水中的氨氮(NH₃-N)浓度总体平均值为(0.434±0.158)mg·L^-1,占TN的16%。各监测点丰水期的NH₃-N浓度普遍低于枯水期,并呈现靠近水域的监测点氨氮浓度偏高的趋势。     

盐渍化与酸化对设施栽培土壤镉活化的叠加作用

为深入了解同时发生盐渍化和酸化对设施栽培土壤镉活性的影响,采用模拟试验方法研究不同pH、盐分种类和盐分积累程度下土壤中水溶性镉及蔬菜对镉吸收的变化。结果表明,土壤中水溶性镉含量和蔬菜地上部分镉积累量均随土壤酸化与盐渍化程度的提高而增加。当土壤pH值为5.00~5.50时,土壤水溶性镉含量随盐渍化增加的变化最为明显。当土壤镉含量为0.55 mg·kg^-1、盐分积累量为2.50 g·kg^-1时,在土壤pH值分别为6.15、5.50和5.00的条件下,土壤水溶性镉含量分别较对照(未盐化)增加10.53%、44.00%和51.06%,蔬菜镉含量分别较对照(未盐化)增加20.00%、16.85%和36.36%,当土壤pH值由6.15降低至4.00后,土壤水溶性镉和蔬菜地上部分镉含量分别提高了近4倍和8倍。土壤镉活化因盐分离子种类不同而异:阳离子的影响程度为Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺>K⁺>NH4+,阴离子的影响程度为Cl^->SO42->NO3-。土壤中水溶性镉和蔬菜对镉的吸收同时随酸化和盐渍化增强而增加的结果表明,土壤盐渍化和酸化对镉的活化具有叠加作用。     

初始pH值对畜禽粪便和菌渣混合高温堆肥的影响

以猪粪和菌渣为主要原料,过磷酸钙和石灰作为pH调节剂,设计8个不同pH值的堆肥处理,研究堆肥初始pH值与堆肥腐熟进程及理化性状的关系。结果表明,在本试验条件下,随着堆肥初始pH值的提高,堆肥升温速率、最高温度和有机物降解率均上升。然而,pH值的提高导致堆肥中NH4+-N的积累量下降,堆肥产品中氮素损失上升。综合考虑堆肥效率和产品质量等因素,建议畜禽粪便堆肥中添加石灰量不要超过堆料鲜质量的0.6%或添加过磷酸钙量不要超过堆料鲜质量的5.2%。堆肥初始pH值在6.42~6.83之间有利于减少氮素损失和提高堆肥效率。     

湖州市毛竹笋用林土壤氮磷钾供应水平及对策

通过土壤全氮、速效磷和速效钾的测定和竹笋产量的调查,发现①浙江湖州市毛竹笋用林土壤的全氮和速效磷供应水平相对于农业土壤来说是比较低的,故通过施用氮肥和磷肥,竹笋的增产潜力还会得到较大的发挥。②在土壤全氮和速效磷供应水平较低的情况下,竹笋年产量2/(kg/hm~2)的高低与土壤速效钾含量x(mg/kg)有直接的关系,大体上可用方程y=-9568.25 498.40x-1.85x~2表示,相关系数r=0.746.③当土壤速效钾含量M低于71mg/kg时,应配合氮、磷施用钾肥。速效钾肥的最低施用量M′(kg/hm~2)可按M′=630-9M确定。     

中国镰螯螨科一新属三新种(蜱螨亚纲:辐螨亚目)

描述了一新属:拟小前线螨属Pseudo pronematulus gen.nov.,三新种:针拟小前线螨Pseudo pronematulus acus sp.nov.、亮小镰螯螨Microtydeus hylinus sp.nov.和似原镰螯螨Primotydeus similis sp.nov.     

豚草和三裂叶豚草拮抗植物的筛选

【目的】 研究豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)和三裂叶豚草(Ambrosia trifida L.)浸提液对常用替代牧草高羊茅、早熟禾、黑麦草、披碱草,以及对苜蓿、葵花、玉米、小麦、甜菜种子萌发的影响;筛选对豚草和三裂叶豚草具有防控效果的替代植物以及最佳混种方式。【方法】 采用培养皿滤纸法,研究豚草和三裂叶豚草浸提液对供试种子萌发的影响。采用盆栽竞争试验,运用DeWit取代试验研究法,设置牧草和入侵杂草5种混种方式,混种比例分别为1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、2∶1、3∶1,研究黑麦草、披碱草和高羊茅与豚草和三裂叶豚草的竞争效应,分析3种牧草对豚草和三裂叶豚草的替代控制潜力。【结果】 随着豚草和三裂叶豚草的浸提液浓度的增加,4种常用替代牧草种子和新源县5种主要作物种子发芽率,发芽指数和化感效应指数均下降。5种混种密度下,黑麦草、高羊茅与三裂叶豚草混种比例为3∶1时,三裂叶豚草的竞争平衡指数分别为(-0.505 1±0.301 5)、(-0.757 6±0.265 88)均显著小于0(P<0.05);黑麦草、高羊茅与豚草混种比例为1:3时豚草竞争平衡指数分别为(-0.955 8±0.518 08)、(-2.049 7±0.178 55)均显著小于0(P<0.05)。【结论】 豚草和三裂叶豚草浸提液对供试种子萌发具有化感抑制作用;且浸提液浓度越大抑制作用越强,同时叶部化感抑制作用大于根部。三裂叶豚草对四种牧草种子萌发的化感抑制作用大于豚草。黑麦草和高羊茅可以作为豚草和三裂叶豚草的替代植物。黑麦草和高羊茅防治三裂叶豚草时建议播种比例为3∶1;防治豚草时建议播种比例为1∶3。豚草和三裂叶豚草发生密度较大时其化感抑制作用越强,影响牧草萌发生长,应适当加大替代牧草播种量。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定沉积物中六氯环己烷、双对氯苯基三氯乙烷的残留量

通过对样品前处理方法和气相色谱条件的改进,建立一套稳定的沉积物中六氯环己烷、双对氯苯基三氯乙烷残留的气相色谱检测方法,满足实验室批量测定样品的要求。选择40 mL正己烷和丙酮混合液(V_正己烷∶V_丙酮=1∶1)作为提取液,并加入2 g铜粉去除硫化物,用Florisil SPE 小柱和CarbonGCB SPE 小柱串联净化,采用10 mL正己烷和丙酮混合液(V_正己烷∶V_丙酮=9∶1)进行洗脱,浓缩后用DB1701气相毛细管柱分离,用带电子捕获检测器的气相色谱仪（GC-ECD）检测,外标法定量。本研究选择沙质性状的沉积物作为基准进行加标回收实验,平均回收率在74.5%～92.0%,相对标准偏差在3.09%～6.67%;检出限为α-HCH:1.96×10^-4 mg/kg, β-HCH：1.45×10^-6mg/kg,γ-HCH：1.90×10^-4 mg/kg, δ-HCH：1.98×10^-4mg/kg, p,p′-DDD:2.47×10^-6 mg/kg, o,p′-DDT：1.08×10^-4mg/kg, p,p′-DDE：1.59×10^-4 mg/kg, p,p′-DDT：2.52×10^-4mg/kg。采用泥质性状的沉积物对本方法进行验证,加标回收率和相对标准偏差都符合沉积物样品的药残检测要求。