光照强度对甜瓜果实糖分积累的影响

以3个果实大小不同的品种为材料,研究光照强度对甜瓜果实糖分积累的影响。结果表明:果实定个前(玉金香花后14 d,银帝和黄河蜜花后28 d),果实中糖分积累以葡萄糖和果糖为主,蔗糖次之,可溶性总糖含量较低。果实定个后,蔗糖开始快速积累,并持续至果实成熟。果实成熟时,三品种含糖量为玉金香(136.63 mg/g)>银帝(119.9 mg/g)>黄河蜜(108.14 mg/g),果实3个部位的含糖量为脐部>中部>蒂部。遮阴对甜瓜果实糖分积累模式影响不显著,但使蔗糖开始大量积累的时间推迟、果实最终糖分积累量显著下降,表明甜瓜果实糖分积累量依赖于同化产物供应水平。果实生育期糖分积累动态表明:玉金香耐弱光性较强,银帝能够逐渐适应弱光,黄河蜜对弱光最敏感。遮阴后甜瓜果实糖分积累量降幅具有品种依赖性:大果型品种黄河蜜>中果型品种银帝>小果型品种玉金香。     

枣种质资源果实糖组分及其含量特征分析

本试验以新疆南疆阿拉尔地区塔里木大学枣种质资源为试材,采用高效液相色谱法对脆熟期枣果实中糖组分和含量进行定性和定量分析,以比较不同品种间糖含量和组成的特点与差异。结果表明:供试的124个枣品种果实中糖的主要组分为蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖,其分布范围分别为7.88～43.23%、2.14～13.15%,、1.92～12.93%。根据本研究结果,可将124个枣品种果实积累类型分为三种:蔗糖积累型94个品种,还原糖积累型16个品种,中间类型14个品种。基于果实中糖组分含量的相关性分析结果显示,总糖与各糖组分之间也表现极显著的正相关,还原糖与蔗糖呈极显著的负相关。根据枣果实中糖组分含量的聚类分析结果显示,可将124个枣品种分为3类,第一类89个枣品种,包括80个蔗糖积累型枣品种和9个中间类型,第二类有21个枣品种,包括16个还原糖积累型和5个中间类型枣品种,第三类有14个枣品种,均为蔗糖积累型枣品种。     

不同成熟阶段枸杞果实中糖分含量的变化规律研究

本研究比较了4个枸杞品种3个成熟阶段果实中的糖分含量,并分析了糖分之间的相关性。结果表明:随着果实的逐步成熟,枸杞果实中的总糖、多糖、果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量逐渐增多;幼果期果实中的总糖、多糖、果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量差异不明显,但色变期是不同枸杞品种果实糖分积累出现差异的关键时期;成熟果实中,‘宁农杞4号’和‘宁农杞5号’的总糖含量明显高于‘宁杞1号’和‘宁夏黄果’;‘宁农杞4号’和‘宁夏黄果’果实中枸杞多糖含量在成熟期达最大值,而‘宁农杞5号’和‘宁杞1号’在色变期达最大值;黄果枸杞在幼果期和色变期果实中的葡萄糖含量明显高于红果枸杞,为黄果枸杞在糖组分方面区别于红果枸杞的主要特征;枸杞果实中,枸杞多糖与果糖之间、果糖与葡萄糖之间存在显著正相关关系,其它各糖分间不具相关性。     

西瓜感染黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒后糖分代谢与倒瓤的关系

为揭示人工接种黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)后西瓜糖分代谢与倒瓤的关系,采用高效液相色谱法测定了接种CGMMV后西瓜的葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖含量变化,采用比色法测定了糖酵解途径关键酶及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的变化。结果显示,西瓜苗感染CGMMV后,果实中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖含量均较对照发生明显变化,接种处理后葡萄糖含量在授粉7~28 d显著高于对照,之后迅速下降,35 d时显著低于对照,仅为对照的24.87%;果糖含量仅在授粉后7~14 d高于对照,21~35 d显著低于对照;接种处理和对照的蔗糖含量在授粉后14~35 d均逐渐上升,但14~35 d接种处理显著低于对照。接种处理后己糖激酶、磷酸果糖激酶和果糖激酶活性均在授粉后7~14 d显著低于对照,21~28 d显著高于对照,35 d时显著低于对照;丙酮酸激酶活性授粉后7~21 d显著低于对照,35 d时显著高于对照;酸性转化酶和中性转化酶活性在授粉后7~21 d显著低于对照,35 d时高于对照;蔗糖磷酸合成酶和蔗糖合成酶活性均显著低于对照,其中蔗糖合成酶活性在授粉后28 d时仅为对照的21.32%。推断西瓜苗接种CGMMV后糖酵解的4个关键酶协同作用,调控糖酵解,进而调控葡萄糖和果糖的积累与代谢,同时蔗糖代谢相关酶活性降低,阻碍蔗糖合成,即西瓜苗感染CGMMV导致倒瓤与其糖分的合成与代谢密切相关。     

鸡粪及其配施尿素对甜瓜香味物质、酶活性及基因表达的影响

为了探讨鸡粪以及鸡粪与尿素配施对薄皮甜瓜果实香气物质合成及关键酶的影响,以薄皮甜瓜"DX108"为试材,以尿素为氮源的处理作为对照(CK),研究等量氮素条件下,鸡粪及其与尿素配施处理对甜瓜果实香气物质以及相关酶活性变化的影响,并分析了乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)和醇酰基转移酶(AAT)基因的表达水平。结果表明:不同处理对薄皮甜瓜香气物质合成、相关酶活性以及关键酶基因表达的影响存在明显差异;尿素处理促进了甜瓜果实中C6和C9醇醛类化合物的合成,而鸡粪以及鸡粪与尿素配施提高了成熟果实中酯类物质含量和种类,尤其是乙酸酯类含量;鸡粪配施尿素处理提高了花后35 d甜瓜果实中非乙酸酯类物质含量,且是尿素处理花后35 d甜瓜果实中非乙酸酯类物质含量的3.1倍,还检测到了尿素处理果实中没有检测到的特征性酯类物质;鸡粪和鸡粪配施尿素处理提高了花后25～30 d果实中LOX酶、氨基转移酶、ADH酶以及AAT酶活性,降低了花后35 d果实中ADH酶活性,抑制了30 d后果实中CmADH1和ADH2的基因表达,而促进了CmAAT1和CmAAT3基因表达。由此可知,鸡粪以及鸡粪与尿素配施有可能是通过调节果实不同发育期香味物质合成途径中关键酶活性的协调变化以及关键酶基因表达,影响了果实香气物质的合成,尤其是酯类物质的合成。     

亏缺灌溉对枸杞果实糖积累和蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响

通过控制灌溉量将土壤水分控制在18.20%(T1),19.50%(T2),20.60%(T3),22.40%(T4),23.50%(T5)不同的水平上,研究亏缺灌溉对枸杞果实糖积累和蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响.结果表明:随水分胁迫的增强,不同处理枸杞果实百粒重呈下降趋势,严重亏缺灌溉的T5百粒重显著低于其它处理;在枸杞全生育期果实己糖(葡萄糖、果糖)积累量递增,蔗糖积累量逐渐下降.且随亏缺灌溉的加重,红果期各处理果实己糖、蔗糖含量差异显著,其中T1、T2显著高于T5;枸杞果实全生育期转化酶活性保持在较高水平,呈先上升后下降趋势,红果期其活性下降保证了蔗糖的积累;蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性较低,呈下降趋势.且随水分胁迫的加强,合成酶活性呈上升趋势,这与水分胁迫愈重,愈有利于蔗糖积累相一致.亏缺灌溉提高了果实中己糖积累,改善了果实品质,但严重亏缺会降低果实产量.     

结实期不同时段低温对寒地粳稻品质的影响

为明确结实期不同时段低温对寒地粳稻品质的影响，于2019年以黑龙江省第一和第二积温带主栽的8份粳稻品种为试材，在水稻结实期分段(花后1～7 d、8～14 d、15～21 d)进行低温处理(昼/夜：17℃/13℃),测定稻米的外观、营养、蒸煮食味品质以及RVA谱特征值。结果表明：不同粳稻品种品质存在极显著差异，‘垦粳8’外观品质最优，‘龙稻18’蛋白质含量最低、食味品质最佳；不同品种对低温的响应存在差异；品种和低温互作对稻米品质存在极显著影响。花后1～7 d低温处理对外观品质影响较小；花后8～14 d和15～21 d低温后，垩白粒率和垩白度较对照分别显著提高73.22%、81.71%和105.57%、115.85%;籽粒长宽比受低温影响较小。低温处理显著提高了稻米的总蛋白含量(1.46%～2.76%)和醇溶蛋白含量(6.33%～17.47%),显著降低了球蛋白含量(4.55%～5.69%),花后1～7 d低温显著降低了清蛋白含量(2.84%),花后8～21 d低温显著提高了清蛋白含量(3.58%～3.88%)。稻米的最高黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值、冷胶黏度以及起始糊化温度在花后1～14 d受...     

^60Co-γ射线辐照对莲雾、番木瓜果实营养成分的影响

本文以莲雾、番木瓜为试材,研究了用不同剂量60Co-γ射线辐照莲雾、番木瓜果实后,对其品质的影响.结果表明,不同剂量辐照莲雾果实在辐照第3 d和第7 d外观均明显优于未辐照果实,糖度较对照高,Vc、有机酸、可溶性固形物与对照无明显差异;不同剂量辐照番木瓜果实外观均与对照无明显差异,还原糖、蔗糖、总糖、有机酸、Vc、可溶性固形物与未辐照果实差异不明显.     

诱抗剂复合处理对甜瓜光合特性及果实品质的影响

诱导抗性是发掘植物内在抗性机制的一种新对策,诱抗剂的研发是未来提高作物内在抗逆性的必然途径。本试验以甜瓜银帝和卡拉克塞为试材,用苯丙塞二唑(BTH)、水杨酸(SA)、纳米硅(SiO2)作诱导剂,在甘肃民勤大田不同时期对甜瓜进行全株喷雾复合处理,研究诱抗剂对甜瓜叶片光合能力以及果实品质的影响。结果表明:经诱导剂处理后植株叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度显著大于对照,初花期BTH+SA的处理效果最好,两品种的叶片净光合速率分别比对照提高了39.6%和32.0%,说明经诱导处理后叶片的光合能力增强。采前对甜瓜植株进行处理,能明显提高果实单产、可溶性固形物含量,初花期BTH+SA效果最好,银帝分别比对照提高了22.6%、9.0%,卡拉克塞分别提高了24.1%、27.6%。各处理对卡拉克赛可溶性固形物含量的影响较银帝明显。处理两次的与一次的、复合诱导剂与单一诱导剂之间无显著差异。     

氮肥运筹对干旱区滴灌甜菜氮素利用及产量的影响

以甜菜品种Beta356为试验材料,研究了氮素运筹[甜菜叶丛快速增长期、块根膨大期、糖分积累期的氮素追施比例分别为6∶3∶1、5∶3∶2、4∶4∶2(用N1、N2、N3表示),以不施氮素的处理为对照(用CK表示)]对滴灌甜菜氮素利用及产量的影响。结果表明:随着生育进程的推进,甜菜干物质积累量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,并在块根膨大期达到最大值;不同处理干物质积累量的差异在甜菜苗期、叶丛快速增长期和块根膨大期均未达到显著水平,至糖分积累期和收获期显著高于CK,且各施肥处理间差异不显著;甜菜氮素阶段积累量与该阶段施氮量相比存在一定的滞后性;不同处理氮素总积累量和氮素运转量均表现为N1N2N3CK,氮素运转率则表现为N1N2CKN3;氮农学利用率和氮表观利用率分别表现为N2N3N1和N3N2N1,其中N2处理的氮农学利用率分别比N1和N3处理提高了14%和4%,且不同处理间差异显著;收获期各处理甜菜产糖量表现为N3N2N1CK,块根中造蜜性非糖物质(K、Na和α-氨态氮)表现为CKN2N3N1。综合考虑氮素利用、产糖量以及块根品质,N2处理可作为北疆露播滴灌甜菜较为合理的氮素运筹模式。     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY^N strain and six to the PVY^O strain. No PVY^C was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY^O, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny_tbr gene and probably represent the PVY^Z group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY^O and PVY^N and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY^O, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY^N-Wilga. Some PVY^N isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY^NTN group. The PVY^NTN, PVY^N-Wilga and PVY^Z groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY^N and PVY^O, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.     

The autumn leafroller: Phenology,damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard

The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.     

Characterization of Sclerotinia minor populations in Texas peanut fields

In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.     

Tumours of Begonia and some other ornamentals,induced by Corynebacterium fascians

In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.     

Eyespot of Cereals Revisited: ITS phylogeny Reveals New Species Relationships

Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.