南方地区采取多种综合措施延长高水分大米储藏期限试验

通过对条件相近、不同批次的高水分大米进行试验研究,探索在南方气候条件下,高水分大米延长安全储藏期限、实现保质保鲜的有效措施。研究期间,我们通过对比试验,对采取不同保管技术措施储藏大米的粮温、品质等指标变化进行对比分析,结果表明：相比传统单一的保管措施,利用延长粮堆成堆时间、粮堆布设通风道、负压通风、六面密闭熏蒸以及准低温储藏等一系列综合措施保管高水分大米,可以快速有效地降低和控制粮温,减缓大米的品质劣变速度,有效实现保质保鲜,延长高水分大米的安全储藏期限。     

不同储藏方式对粳米食味品质的影响研究

采取常规储藏、低温储藏、双低储藏和充氮气调储藏4种方式,对粳米(爱邦东北米)进行储藏保管3个月,每月定期对样品各理化指标和蒸煮品质进行检测。结果显示,α-淀粉酶对大米的储藏品质和食味品质有较大影响;粳米在储藏过程中游离脂肪酸的增加主要是由于其内部相关物质被氧化造成的。试验中双低储藏、低温储藏和充氮气调储藏对延缓大米品质劣变均能起到一定的效果,低温储藏和充氮气调储藏能更好地保持大米中的生物酶类活性和米饭食味品质。     

水分在特定温度下对稻谷品质变化的影响

选择含水量在11.6%～14.5%的30个具有代表性的早籼稻谷样品,分别在20℃和28℃恒温条件下储藏6个月,对其脂肪酸值、品尝评分值进行测定。结果表明:在试验温度下,试样品质劣变速度与水分成正相关性,水分越高,劣变越快,28℃储藏的试样劣变快。     

稻谷储藏期间水分和脂肪酸值变化的研究

脂肪酸值作为衡量稻谷新陈程度的一项重要指标,在稻谷的储藏和加工中都十分重要。而水分又是稻谷在储藏期间最重要的品质指标之一,同时也对脂肪酸值有着直接的影响。通过跟踪检测稻谷在储藏期间水分和脂肪酸值的变化情况,研究外因（温度、湿度）对稻谷品质变化规律的影响,对延缓粮食品质劣变,延长粮食的保质期,具有重要的指导意义。     

CO2气调储粮启封后品质变化的原因及控制方法

对采用CO2气调储藏后的不同水分、不同品质的籼米和粳米，在粮温30℃左右和20℃左右等不同条件启封进行室内试验和实仓试验。启封后不同时间分别取样进行品质测定。试验结果表明，大米品质是启封后品质变化的关键。而大米的水分含量和启封时的温度是CO2气调储藏启封后品质变化的重要因素。     

不同水分的大米在不同温度下储藏品质变化规律研究

在实验室人工模拟条件下控制大米的储藏温度和水分,对储藏大米进行了为期13个月的试验研究。在研究期间对影响大米质量的感官指标、脂肪酸值等数据进行定期检测,通过研究我们认为高水分大米经高温条件下储藏,当脂肪酸值达25mgKOH／100g时是大米安全储藏的界限;较低水分的大米常温或准低温下储藏,其安全期限以感官指标来判定。确定了不同含水量的大米在不同温度下的安全储藏期限。     

推广低温储粮技术 实现绿色储粮的探讨

采用谷物冷却机低温储藏的方法储藏粮食,既能快速有效降低储粮温度,延缓品质劣变,又可弥补机械通风的不足,有效解决在夏秋高温季节降低粮温的问题,并可根据要求降低储粮水分,真正实现绿色储粮。     

用回归方程预测和控制储藏谷物品质稳定性的探讨

为较准确地识别和衡量储藏过程中谷物早期的劣变及其程度，防止、控制或延缓不良变化的发生，根据对国内外有关资科的研究分析，总结归纳出安全水分、温度变化、湿度变化、平衡水分、水活度的回归方程及控制指标，以预测和控制储藏谷物品质的稳定性．     

稻谷储藏品质变化的研究

采用常规、密闭和防虫磷三种储藏方式保藏两种稻谷,经过二年试验,观察储藏品质劣变规律。结果指出:“广陆矮”早籼稻谷和“691”中籼稻谷在武汉地区以储藏二年为宜,“691”稻长期储藏安全水分,必须控制在13%以内;应用粘度、发芽率和脂肪酸值变化预测品质劣变,是一种灵敏科学办法,应首先在储备粮的品质检测中推广应用;三种储藏方式,以防护剂预防害虫的效果最好,应在农村储粮中大力广泛推广。     

在不同条件下储藏大米和米粉的品质变化

朝鲜研究者研究报道了大米和米粉在不同储藏环境下的品质变化。受试大米和米粉分别在5℃,相对湿度65％环境下,以及30℃,相对湿度8%的环境下,储藏16周后对其物化品质进行研究。储藏前8周,受试大米和米粉的淀粉水束缚能力都有所提高;8周后,大米及米粉的淀粉水束缚能力又会逐渐下降。随着储藏时间的延长,大米及米粉的膨胀率、可溶性淀粉旋光透射比、碘兰值、总直链淀粉含量及可溶性淀粉含量均会逐步下降,且储藏在高温高湿(30℃、相对湿度为85％)环境中的大米、米粉比储藏在低温低湿环境中其物化品质指标变化更为明显。采用X—射线测试,大米淀粉的结晶度在储藏第二周时没有变化,但在二周后两种不同储藏条件下的大米、米粉的淀粉结晶率都有明显下降;而大米及米粉的糊化温度、解链温度(熔融温度)、熔融热焓(含热量)都将随着储藏时间的延长而增高,而糊化温度则下降。尤其是储藏在高温高湿的条件下的大米和米粉,其品质指标变化更是明显。     

THE METHOD OF THE MEASUREMENT OF THE WORMWHEEL PROFILE ERROR WITH THE THREE-COORDINATE-MEASURE-MACHINE

In this paper we explain the method of the measurement of the wormwheel profile error with the three coordinate measuring machine. We first establish the wormwheel theoritical tooth profile equation according to the gear engage principle, then write the computing program and calculate the wormwheel theoritical profile, next analyse and calculate the error of the gage head interference. At last, we work out the measuring program and get the wormwheel profile measured with the three-coordinate measuring machine.     

THE ERRECT OF HIGH HARMONICS ON THE SELECTION OF THE SIZE OF TRANSFORMER CONDUCTOR

This paper analyses the additional stray losses of transformer winding caused by harmonics,and suggests that the influence of harmonics should be taken into consideration in the selection of the conductor' s size in rectifier transformer and converter transformer design.     

THE STRAIN OF THE BARS IN THE STRUCTURAL COLUMNS OF THE PRESTRESSED EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT BRICK-WALLS

Through the comparative tests of prestressed and non-prestressed brick-walls un-der the repeated lateral loading,the effect of the prestress-force to the strain distribution in the non-prestressed bars of the structural columns has been investigated.This effect is beneficial:the pre-stress-force will reduce the value of strain in the bars of the lower part in the columns and uniformize the strain distribution along the whole height of the columns.Furthermore,instead of a strainreduction,the strain of prestressed be will increase along with the increasing of the lateral load.Thus,the coefficient of prestress-force-increase could be calculated in the tWo stages of the crack-resistance and ultimate bearing capacity.As a result,both the prestressed and non-prestressed barsare able to give the potential of their bearing capacity a full play,and improve the earthquake-resis-tant property.     

THE EFFECT OF THE STRESS OF LONGWALL AND STRUCTURE OF COAL ON THE BUMP OF COAL AND METHANE

The problems that the bump of coal and methame in the mine is contraled by the stress of longwall and that the coal and methane bump in the mine is affected by the physical properties of the coal are analysed and discussed through some specific bump cases. It is shown that the compressive stress, the content of the methane of the coal, and the bump of coal and methane are directly affected by the content of the ash and the volatile of the coal.     

自生稻混入对稻米品质的影响

稻米的RVA粘度值和品尝评分值分别从稻米的物性指标和感官指标上标注了稻米的品质指标状态,粳稻中混入不同梯度的自生稻谷,稻米的RVA粘度值和品尝评分值的变化与自生稻混入的梯度呈现负相关性。     

粮堆局部处理机实仓熏蒸杀虫试验

采用粮堆局部处理机解决了高大平房仓大粮堆局部生虫的问题，对处理区内粮温，水分无大的影响，人工、耗电量、药剂用量大大降低。该机可用于熏蒸、整仓通风和新仓干燥。     

THE RESEARCH OF AERODYNAMIC PARAMETER ABOUT THE PIPE-CASING GUN OF THE EQUAL ACROSS-SECTION

The computation principle for the pipe-casing gun of the equal acress-section area is studied by applying the basic theory of compressible. The aerodynamic parameter of the pipecasing gun and the friction factor of rustless sted-pipes and copper-pipes of different diameters are measured. On the basis of this measurement, the outlet-velcity profile and the change of the rate and pressure on the axis are measured. The results show that the friction factor measured is reliable and the computation method is practical.     

THE STUDY OF ANTI-SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF THE TOP CORNER JOINTS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME WITH THE INCLUSION OF STEEL FIBRES

This paper first discusses the limited effect of steel fibre reinforcement on plain concrete and reinforced concrete. Then, making a comparison among the test results of three full-scale top corner joint assemblies of frame, in which only two of them are added with steel fibres in joint zone. The advantageous and disadvantageous influence in anti-seismic aspect is investigated after adding steel fibres in the joint zone. Finally, this paper gives an overall comment on the application future of using the steel fibres in every kinds of joint of anti-seismic reinforced concrete frame.     

挂面在储藏期间的品质变化

在实验室条件下进行了两种挂面的储藏实验.在储藏过程中分析了挂面的水分,脂肪酸值和烹煮特性的变化.实验结果表明,挂面的水分随空气中的湿度而变化,脂肪酸值随储藏时间而增加,增加到一定程度又开始下降.在挂面烹煮特性方面,挂面的吸水率在储藏期间开始呈增加的趋势,然后变化较平缓,最后开始下降.面汤中直链淀粉含量随储藏时间迅速减少.挂面的烹煮损失呈下降趋势.     

八种储粮害虫趋光性的测定

采用储粮昆虫趋光性测试装置测定了红、黄、绿、紫及蓝色光对8种储粮昆虫的光趋避强度,测试结果表明,在黑暗条件下,各试虫处理分布差异都达不到5％水平的显著水平,而红、黄、绿、紫及蓝色光处理试虫分布都存在一定的差异。8种试虫比较,锈赤扁谷盗和长角扁谷盗对红、黄、绿、紫及蓝色光都表现为较明显的趋光行为,光的波长对玉米象光趋避强度有一定的影响,存在随着光波长的减弱,趋光性降低的趋势。根据储粮昆虫的光趋避行为,在其行为利用中应采取相应措施。