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1.
M. J. De Maine 《Potato Research》1996,39(3):323-332
Summary Experiments were carried out withSolanum phureja germplasm which had been selected for tuberization response under W. European growing conditions. Selected clones and seedling
(true potato seed; TPS) families ofS. phureja were raised in the field and tubers assessed for yield, tuber number, skin colour, size, shape and cooking characteristics.
Some families had low within-family variances for cooked flesh hardness and some appeared as uniform for tuber size and shape
as the selectedS. phureja clones. Skin colours of the tubers within TPS families were often assorted.
The commercial potential ofS. phureja as a possible TPS-derived crop is discussed, as its self-incompatibility makes possible the cheap production of true potato
seed. 相似文献
2.
Summary Tubers of clones from a diploid hybrid population ofSolanum phureja andS. stenotomum were screened for resistance to tuber soft rot caused by strains ofErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (Eca),E. carotovora subsp.carotovora (Ecc) andE. chrysanthemi (Ech). Significant, positive correlations between resistance to the different strains and species were observed, indicating
that screening for resistance to tuber soft rot could be accomplished by using just one of the three pathogens. Strains of
Ecc and Ech were found to be much more virulent than strains of Eca. Inoculating with Ecc and Ech resulted in more distinct
differences among susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant clones than inoculating with Eca. 相似文献
3.
Thirty-three populations of Andigena potatoes developed by 11 × 3 (line × tester) mating were studied from seedling to third
clonal generations for number of tubers, average tuber weight, tuber yield, plant vigour, predominant tuber shape, predominant
tuber size and uniformity in tuber shape, uniformity in tuber size and uniformity in tuber colour. Inter-generation correlation
coefficients for progeny means, general combining ability, specific combining ability, heterosis and heterobeltiosis were
computed for various characters. Magnitude of inter-generation correlation coefficients showed that various parameters for
uniformity in tuber shape, uniformity in tuber size, uniformity in tuber colour, predominant tuber shape and predominant tuber
size could be reliably estimated in early generations starting from the seedling generation. The parameters for tuber yield,
average tuber weight and tuber number could only be reliably estimated from second clonal generation onward. Repeatability
of progeny means showed that negative selection for tuber yield and average tuber weight could be initiated from first clonal
generation and for tuber number from second clonal generation. Plant vigour was found to be a highly inconsistent character. 相似文献
4.
S. L. Nielsen H. Bång K. Kotkas K. Kristensen J. P. Palohuhta V. Rosenberg K. Tolstrup 《Potato Research》2007,50(2):97-114
The occurrence and magnitude of variation of selected characters in clones derived from meristem tips of four potato cultivars
in field trials in three countries was assessed. Recorded were: the number of plants per plot; maturity of plants; skin and
flesh colour; tuber deformity; time of emergence; flowering; number of stems and tubers per plant; tuber size, yield and dry
matter percentage; and the occurrence of common scab. Far more significant differences between clones than could be expected
by chance were found for the last eight characters. Most of the significant differences for number of stems per plant, number
of tubers, yield and tuber size distribution were found in six clones of three cultivars and were repeated at different locations
and in different years. It is concluded that significant clone differences exist and are repeated at independent locations
over the years. 相似文献
5.
In 1994 and 1995, the effect of Verticillium wilt, caused byVerticillium dahliae andV. albo-atrum, on tuber yields, number and weight of U.S. No. 1 and B size tubers, and specific gravity was studied in northern Maine, an area with a short growing season. Seven clones (four resistant and three susceptible) were evaluated in a split-plot design with three replications. Clones were the whole-plot factor, and seed pieces in sub-plots were either uninoculated or inoculated with 50 ml of 4 × 104 cfu/mlVerticillium spp. at planting. Individual plants were scored for Verticillium wilt symptoms before harvest on a 1= <3% wilt to 10= >97% wilt. Differences among clones for wilting and specific gravity were significant. The inoculation treatment had no effect on any of the tuber traits measured. However, there were significant clone x inoculation interactions for most tuber traits. Reductions in yield, weight and number of U.S. No. 1 potatoes, and specific gravity were greater in the Verticillium wilt susceptible clones than in the resistant clones. These results suggest that breeding clones with resistance toVerticillium spp. will reduce yield losses, while maintaining tuber size and specific gravity under disease pressure. 相似文献
6.
Summary Four introductions ofSolanum berthaultii wild species and sevenS. tuberosumxS. berthaultii hybrids were evaluated by antibiosis and antixenosis laboratory tests with potato tuber moth. Some morphological and chemical
traits related to the trichomes were analysed. Two clones of the wild speciesS. sparsipilum and five ofS. pinnatisectum, characterised by high tuber resistance, were tested for leaf resistance, both by antibiosis and antixenosis assays. The
genotypes with high density of trichomes A and with high exudate PPO activity, showed a moderate negative effect on pupal
weight and fecundity in the antibiosis tests. Trichomes B exudate showed a strong repulsive effect on oviposition of adult
in the antixenosis tests. TheS. pinnatisectum clones revealed a good leaf resistance level, whereas theS. sparsipilum clones showed lower levels of antibiosis and antixenosis. 相似文献
7.
Inheritance of resistance to late blight in foliage and tubers of progenies from parents differing in resistance 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Summary TenSolanum tuberosum genotypes differing in resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) in foliage and tubers were intercrossed to determine the inheritance of disease resistance in their progenies.
Plots of 10–15 clones per progeny were established in each of 2 years and resistance assessed by field or laboratory tests.
The parental genotypes were similarly tested each year.
The parents differed in general combining ability (GCA) for both foliage blight (FB) and tuber blight (TB). The parental and
GCA scores were significantly correlated for both aspects of the disease, but the correlations between foliage and tuber scores
for parents and for GCAs were not significant.
Three parental genotypes were highly resistant in both foliage and tubers, and the genotype with the highest GCA for resistance
to both FB and TB (cv. stirling) is recommended as the best parent. There was no evidence of strong genetic correlation between
both aspects of resistance, and it is suggested that both be selected for in a breeding programme. 相似文献
8.
9.
Diploid potato clones, interspecific hybrids ofSolanum species, having in their originS. tuberosum,S. chacoense, S. yungasense, S. phureja, S. gourlayi, andS. demissum, with resistance to soft rot, were crossed to tetraploid potato clones in 4x-2x crosses. The 24 tetraploid families obtained in a North Carolina II design were examined for tuber resistance to soft rot in a laboratory test and for basic agronomic traits in field trials conducted for two consecutive years. In addition, one family originating from a 4x-2x cross of two susceptible parents was tested. Statistical analysis of the data revealed significant general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects, year, GCA (female) × year, GCA (male) × year, and SCA × year upon the inheritance of resistance to soft rot. About 35% of the progeny was selected as resistant to tuber soft rot, and of these 11% showed high resistance combined with good tuber yield, tuber weight, and tuber appearance. The relationships between resistance to soft rot and chosen agronomic traits were not noted or were weakly significant and sporadic. The resistance to tuber soft rot found in diploid potato hybrids can be transferred to the cultivated tetraploid pool through 4x-2x crosses, and a high frequency of offspring posses resistance. 相似文献
10.
Summary The effect of furrow and drip irrigation giving 0, 33, 66, 100 and 133% of the maximum evapotranspiration (ETM) was studied
on leaf transpiration, stomatal resistance, tuber growth, yield and yield response of cv. Spunta. The research was carried
out in Sicily in 1988 and 1989 on early potato crops grown during the winter/spring cycle.
Increased water supply increased leaf transpiration, plant fresh weight, tuber growth rate, yield and earliness, and decreased
stomatal resistance and tuber dry weight. A higher yield response was obtained at the lower water regimes (ETM of 33 and 66%).
There were no significant differences between the two methods of irrigation. 相似文献
11.
Prossy Namugga Julia Sibiya Rob Melis Alex Barekye 《American Journal of Potato Research》2018,95(4):423-434
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a major food and cash crop, mainly grown by small-scale farmers in the highland regions of Uganda. Potato late blight is one of the major diseases limiting production with potential yield losses over 70%, making host resistance a strong element in integrated disease management. This study was carried out to screen and select high yielding potato genotypes with resistance to late blight in Uganda. Forty-eight genotypes, including advanced clones from the population B3C2 of the International Potato Centre, commercial and farmers’ varieties, were evaluated under two environments for two seasons. Trials were laid out in an 8?×?6 alpha lattice design with three replications. Genotypes showed significant differences in yield and resistance to blight. A higher disease severity was observed in Karengyere (56%). The average RAUDPC (= 100 max) across locations indicated that genotypes 395,077.12 and 392,657.8, with disease severity of 12% and 14%, respectively, were the most resistant. Genotypes Victoria (53%) and NKRN59.124 (48%) were the most susceptible. Mean tuber yield under late blight infection was19.8 t ha?1. The best yielding genotype across sites was 395,112.32 (35.6 t ha?1) while 394,905.8 (10.3 t ha?1), yielded the lowest. The mean marketable tuber weight was 8.9 kg with genotypes 395,112.32 and 395,109.34 having the highest marketable weight of 16.5 kg and 15.6 kg respectively. Correlations between yield and yield related parameters were positive (p ≤?0.001), while those between RAUDPC were negative. The following genotypes, 395,112.32, 391,919.3, 393,220.54. 393,077.54, 396,038.107. 392,657.8, Kinigi, 395,014.17, NKRN59.58, NKRK19.17 and 395,011.2, were identified as promising parents for a late blight resistance breeding program. These exhibited high to medium resistance to late blight disease and high yields. 相似文献
12.
Summary The relationship between resistance to late blight in foliage and tuber was examined on 50 clones of each of five progenies
from crosses where one parent was resistant in both foliage and tuber and the other susceptible. Foliage resistance was assessed
in a field trial and tuber resistance in a laboratory test on glasshouse-grown tubers. The genetical and environmental components
of variance and the phenotypic and genetical correlations between foliage and tuber blight scores were determined for each
progeny. Foliage and tuber resistance were correlated, indicating either that both are determined by the same genes or by
different linked genes.
The environmental component of variation was greater for tuber blight than foliage blight. We suggest that the most effective
way of selecting for resistance to both aspects of the disease in a breeding programme is to select those resistant in the
foliage and then screen them for tuber resistance. 相似文献
13.
J. J. H. M. Allefs W. Van Dooijeweert E. R. De Jong W. Prummel J. Hoogendoorn 《Potato Research》1995,38(1):11-21
Summary Eleven clones obtained from a cross between cv. Katahdin and fusion products betweenSolanum tuberosum and the non tuber-bearing speciesS. brevidens, were backcrossed again withS. tuberosum (clone AR80-127-5). Small tubers harvested from 583 seedlings of these second backcross (BC2) populations were screened for
tuber tissue resistance toErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica under aerobic conditions. After multiplication in the field. BC2 clones again were screened for soft rot resistance under
aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions. In general, the resistance of the BC2 populations was reduced in comparison with
the BC1. Variation for resistance was found within the BC2 populations, but there was no correlation between the results of
the three tests performed. Four BC2 populations were also screenned for resistance to blackleg in the field. Significant differences
were found between populations for mean percentage of diseased plants, but these differences could not be explained by the
resistance of the parental clones. 相似文献
14.
The goal of these studies was to evaluate the influence of tuber age on the expression of resistance to Phytophthora infestans in five selected potato genotypes (three cultivars and two clones) varying in tuber resistance and maturity type, and also
to select the best time for testing potato tubers for resistance to blight. Resistance was evaluated by inoculating whole
tubers at 13 different times as they progressively aged during growth and storage. Tuber age was expressed as weeks after
planting. Tubers were rated from week 13 (late July) until week 43 (late February) for tubers planted on 27–28 April, over
three consecutive seasons (2001–2003). Analysis of variance performed on tuber resistance data showed significant effects
of genotype, year and tuber age. Significant contributions of genotype × year, genotype × tuber age, year × tuber age and
year × genotype × tuber age interactions were also detected. A slight increase in tuber resistance with tuber age was observed
for cvs Bzura, Sokół and Irga, while the opposite trend was observed for the clones 97-A-63 and DG 92-227. Changes in tuber
resistance with age of tested genotypes were not related to their maturity type. The period of most stable expression of tuber
resistance was observed when tubers were tested between the 16th and 28th week after planting. 相似文献
15.
Summary This paper reports results of a 3-year evaluation of CIP advanced potato clones in a bacterial wilt-infested field (race 3)
in Peru. Clones resistant or moderately resistant to wilt were selected and all tubers harvested from each clone were tested
for latent infection byRalstonia solanacearum using a sensitive serological technique developed at CIP. A sampling strategy to estimate accurately the frequency of infected
tubers in the clones has been evaluated. This method will allow consideration of tuber latent infection as a new selection
criterion in breeding for resistance to bacterial wilt. Thirteen clones were found resistant to wilt in all three evaluations
(i.e.≤6% wilt), from which five had no wilt in all trials. However, all clones harboured latent infection in tubers averaging
30%. Analysing 30 tubers/clone provides an accurate estimation of the proportion of infected tubers with a high precision
level. 相似文献
16.
C. B. Wegener 《Potato Research》2001,44(4):401-410
Summary Four potato lines of cv. Désirée that express the pectate lyase (PL) isoenzyme 3 ofErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica were examined in a 4-year field experiment with respect to plant development, tuber yield and resistance of tuber tissue
toErwinia soft rot. The PL3 degrades plant cell wall pectin into unsaturated oligogalacturonates eliciting plant defence responses.
In one line, enzyme expression was controlled by the CaMV 35S promoter (C) and in three lines it was driven by the potato
patatin B33 promoter (D). Plant development of the D-lines in field plots was not distinguishable from that of the non-transgenic
counterpart. Also tuber yield was not too different. By contrast, plants of the C-line were smaller than those of the nontransformed
counterpart and also showed reduced tuber yield. There were no significant differences in dry mass, starch and protein content
of tuber tissue between PL transgenic and non-transgenic potatoes. But compared with the latter, field-grown tubers expressing
the PL displayed an enhanced resistance toErwinia soft rot. Thus, average rotting caused byEc-bacteria was diminished in tubers of PL-transgenic lines by 34.1%. The resistance of tubers toEc soft rot was significantly correlated with the PPO activity in tuber tissue. 相似文献
17.
Summary The resistance to tuber soft rot caused byErwinia carotovora ofSolanum tuberosum x S. tarijense andS. tuberosum (+) S. commersonii hybrids and their backcrosses is reported. A number of resistant diploid sexual hybrids and tetraploid/hexaploid somatic
hybrids were selected. Backcross progenies were obtained through 2x×4x crosses involving a resistant diploid hybrid and tetraploidS. tuberosum, and through 4x×4x crosses between a resistant somatic hybrid andS. tuberosum. The hybrids showed high variability interms of resistance to tuber soft rot. The resistance of progeny from 2x×4x backcrosses
was similar to that of the parental sexual hybrid. By contrast, the resistance of genotypes deriving from 4x×4x backcrosses
was reduced compared with the resistant somatic hybrid. In general, tuber characteristics of the backcross hybrids improved
considerably as compared with their parents, and tuber yield per plant was good. 相似文献
18.
Summary The resistance to gangrene (caused byPhoma exigua var.foveata) of progenies from two hybridisation schedules involving cultivars resistant, susceptible, or of intermediate reaction to
gangrene was assessed. Two methods of sampling tubers from field-grown single-plant plots of 18 clones representing each progeny
were used: one tuber was taken from each plant, and a bulk sample of 18 tubers was selected at random from the whole progeny.
Gangrene resistance was assessed after incubating tubers which had been rolled in cornmeal-sand inoculum ofP. exigua var.foveata, and was expressed as a percentage of tubers infected. Results from the two methods of sampling correlated closely, and agreed
well with tests in a subsequent year on 10-tuber samples of each individual clone.
It is concluded that an 18-clone sample adequately represented each progeny, and that the mid-parent gangrene score satisfactorily
predicted the resistance of the resulting progeny. There are indications that susceptibility tended to be dominant. The implication
of these findings to breeding for resistance to gangrene is discussed. 相似文献
19.
Jane Muthoni Hussein Shimelis Rob Melis Z. M. Kinyua 《American Journal of Potato Research》2014,91(2):215-232
Potato varietal resistance to bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Yabuuchi et al., (Microbiology and Immunology 39:897–904, 1995) is the best management of the disease. Because the causal pathogen exhibits strong host-pathogen-environment interaction, screening the potential parents for resistance under the target growing environmental conditions is the first important step for effective resistance breeding. The objective of this study was to determine the response to bacterial wilt of selected potato genotypes currently grown by farmers in Kenya and candidate clones from the International Potato Center to identify parents that can be used in the local breeding program to develop resistant cultivars. A study was carried out at Kabete, Kenya for three consecutive seasons between November 2011 and February 2013. Thirty six potato genotypes were planted on an inoculated field at the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Kabete using alpha lattice experimental design with three replications. Data collected were days from planting to onset of wilting (DTOW), bacterial wilt incidence (BWI), total tuber weight (ton ha?1) (TTW), total tuber numbers/hectare (TTN), proportion of ware sized tubers (PWTTW), proportion of symptomatic tubers based on weight (PSTTW), proportion of symptomatic tubers based on tuber numbers (PSTTN) and latent infection (LI) of the tubers. Almost, all the potato genotypes evaluated in this study were susceptible to bacerial wilt. Ranking of genotypes based on resistance differed among the three seasons. On average, the three most resistant genotypes were Kenya Karibu, Kenya Sifa and Ingabire. The study identified eight potato genotypes (Meru, Ingabire, Kenya Karibu, Sherekea, Kihoro, Tigoni, Bishop Gitonga and Cangi) to be used as promising parents for subsequent crosses. The chosen genotypes are prolific in pollen production and popularly grown by Kenyan farmers. 相似文献
20.
Yong Suk Chung Nicholas J. Goeser Xingkui Cai Shelley Jansky 《American Journal of Potato Research》2013,90(4):351-356
Bacterial soft rot is a serious disease in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), causing rapid tuber tissue maceration and, consequently, marketable yield loss. Soft rot bacteria, including Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pbc), are favored by moist conditions, which are prevalent in large potato storage facilities. However, although most potatoes in North America are stored before use, there are no published surveys of soft rot resistance in cultivars exposed to long-term storage conditions. Thus, we tested 65 cultivars and 13 breeding lines for soft rot resistance after 6 months of storage. There was a significant effect of cultivar and production environment on soft rot resistance score. During 6 months of storage, tuber soft rot resistance in resistant clones did not change, while it changed in susceptible clones. The three most resistant cultivars to soft rot were Freedom Russet, Anett, and Alaska Red Eye. 相似文献