中国实施大豆行动计划的宏观分析

一、大豆行动计划的由来和实施１１９９３年,中华人民共和国国务院颁布了《９０年代中国食物结构改革与发展纲要》。这是指导中国食物消费、生产、加工与流通以及居民营养改善的第一个纲领性文件。这个纲要分析了中国食物发展的成就和问题,提出了９０年代食物发展的指导...     

鲁花集团喜获“营养健康倡导产品”授权

“营养健康倡导产品”，是公众营养与发展中心为进一步鼓励食品及相关企业参与公众营养改善工作的又一具体措施。其目的是倡导企业注重食物的营养品质，促使企业更多的选择、生产对公众营养健康有益的产品，推动我国公众营养改善事业的发展。     

基于贸易视角的中国大豆产业安全分析

目前,中国大豆出口贸易量极低,而进口贸易量在较高水平的基础上仍不断攀升,且进口贸易被跨国公司控制,这样的贸易现状对大豆产业安全造成了影响。通过设置大豆产业安全状态的警限范围,计算大豆产业安全指标值到安全状态的映射值,最终得出大豆产业安全度综合指数的方法对中国大豆产业安全状况进行了测算。结果显示:2000年以来,我国大豆产业安全一直处于"危机"状态,并有进一步恶化的趋势,主要原因是中国大豆生产量与消费量、出口量与进口量相差悬殊,并且其差距仍在继续扩大。     

春大豆长期连作对土壤线虫群落结构和食物网的影响

以土壤线虫为指示生物,研究了大豆不同耕作系统土壤线虫群落结构、生态指数和食物网指数的变化特征,以期明确大豆长期连作对土壤生物多样性和土壤食物网结构的影响。结果表明:大豆轮作土壤线虫属最丰富,大豆长期连作25年后土壤线虫属水平种类最少。大豆轮作和大豆短期连作3年土壤线虫群落组成Jaccard相似性最高(0.81),大豆轮作和大豆长期连作25年Jaccard相似性最低(0.66)。大豆短期连作3年土壤中植物寄生线虫的数量最高,显著高于大豆轮作和大豆长期连作25年。食真菌线虫在大豆长期连作25年土壤中较丰富,显著高于大豆轮作和大豆短期连作3年。大豆长期连作25年植物寄生线虫成熟度指数(PPI)高于大豆短期连作3年和大豆轮作。土壤线虫的通路指数(CI)在3个处理中均小于50,土壤腐蚀食物网的降解以细菌降解通路为主。大豆短期连作3年处理位于富集指数(EI)和结构指数(SI)食物网特征图的A象限,大豆轮作和长期连作25年位于食物网特征图的B象限。结果表明,大豆长期连作改变了土壤线虫的群落结构,降低了属的多样性,食物网结构向成熟稳定的方向恢复。     

大豆有效营养面积研究进展

2001～2004年,运用作物有效营养面积理论,对北方垄作区大豆垄幅的合理性问题进行了试验研究。研究表明大豆主产区黑龙江省中部、南部地区大豆有效营养面积为2210～4500 cm2,有效株行距为47.0～67.1 cm。其中中部地区的有效营养面积在2210～4025 cm2,即有效株行距为47.0～63.0 cm,南部地区的有效营养面积在3838～4500 cm2,即有效株行距为61.9～67.1 cm。南部地区品种有效营养面积较大,中部地区品种有效营养面积较小。据此阐明目前生产上广泛采用67～70 cm的垄作,已超过了大豆的有效株行距,造成了土壤资源等的浪费。尤其是中、北部垄作区采用55 cm左右的垄距种植大豆,将会更有利于大豆群体产量的提高。该理论为目前黑龙江省北部地区栽培面积逐渐增大的大豆窄行垄栽培提供了有力的理论根据。     

中国大豆转基因安全评价

大豆起源于中国,是一种含有丰富植物蛋白的作物,在中国已经有几千年的种植历史,随着转基因技术的不断发展,转基因大豆逐渐走进了人们的生活,文中将介绍中国转基因大豆的安全评价原则,并对转基因大豆生物学特性,转基因操作安全,转基因大豆环境安全,转基因食品安全,抗生素抗性标记基因五方面的安全评价进行阐述。     

大豆膨化食品的研制

近些年来 ,大豆食品的开发利用 ,日益受到世界各国的重视。在发展中国家 ,由于动物蛋白转化率低 ,所以动物蛋白往往不能满足人均日食 75克蛋白质的营养需求 ,从而把目光投向开发植物蛋白。在我国 ,国家食物与营养咨询委员会发起了“大豆行动计划”。在 1997年 12月由国务院批准实施的《中国营养改善行动计划》中 ,还制定了大豆的具体发展目标。在发达国家 ,由于人们对动物食品中胆固醇的恐惧以及最新营养学、流行病学研究表明 :大豆食品具有降低胆固醇 ,防癌等健康功效。所以 ,对大豆食品的开发研究 ,正在不断加强 ,不断深入。随着我国人民…     

大豆营养与健康

全国营养调查结果表明,由于我国人民当前的膳食结构以植物性为主,因此,优质蛋白质、维生素Ａ、Ｂ2、Ｄ以及微量元素钙、铁、锌的摄入不足。相反,在城市部分人群中,动物性食物摄取量过高出现某些营养素过剩,因此,造成了部分人群中出现了某些营养性疾病,影响了一代人或二代...     

关于开发黑龙江省大豆食品的问题

为了充分利用我省大豆资源,逐步改善人们的膳食结构,提高人民的营养水平,认真贯彻国务院关于《九十年代中国食物结构改革与发展纲要》精神,我们必须充分开展大豆的综合利用。一、关于发展豆制品问题大豆是人类食物的主要组成成份,它含有人体的重要营养物质。大豆含蛋白质平均高达40％。在粮食作物中含量是最高的,大豆还含有18～20％的脂肪,25％左右的碳水化合物。(见表1)     

第四届中国国际大豆食品产业发展大会4月在沪召开

正2016年4月14~15日,中国国际大豆食品产业发展大会将上海光大国际会展中心隆重召开。大会由中国食品工业协会豆制品专业委员会主办,将继续秉承"为人类提供安全美味、营养健康的大豆食品"的宗旨,邀请国内外政府官员、经济学者、行业专家、知名企业代表及媒体,就新常态下大豆食品产业将要面临的机遇与挑战进行深入探讨。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.