小反刍兽疫病毒原核表达体外转录系统的建立

构建了小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)辅助质粒和微型复制子(minireplicon)并进行功能学研究。RT-PCR克隆PPRV疫苗株N75/1N、P和L基因,亚克隆至有T7启动子的原核表达载体pGEM3Z构建完成3个辅助质粒,分别命名为pGEM3Z-N、pGEM3Z-P和pGEM3Z-L,并通过全基因合成构建含PPRV病毒5′端启动子序列(AGP)、3′端启动子序列(GP)、T7转录终止信号、丁型肝炎病毒核酶序列HamRZ及氯霉素乙酰转移酶(CAT),获得PPRV微型复制子重组质粒pGEM3Z-CAT。构建完成的微型复制子及辅助质粒在表达T7RNA多聚酶(T7RNP)感染痘病毒VTF7-3后,通过脂质体法优化4种质粒配比,并将其转染至Vero细胞,通过间接免疫荧光分析CAT的表达情况,荧光显微镜观察到荧光的表达,并通过免疫印迹分析CAT蛋白的表达,表明构建的PPRV微型复制子具有转录和复制功能,这将有助于进一步开展以PPRV反向遗传操作为基础的免疫学及蛋白功能研究。     

I类新城疫病毒NDV08-004株微型基因组的构建及其功能鉴定

目的本研究旨在构建Ⅰ类新城疫病毒NDV08-004的微型基因组和辅助质粒,为构建病毒拯救体系奠定基础。方法根据Ⅰ类新城疫病毒NDV08-004的全基因组序列,采用SOE方法将增强绿色荧光蛋白基因(eGFP)插入NDV08-004的3’-Leader和5’-Trailer区域之间后反向插入转录载体pOLTV5中,构建了NDV08-004的微型基因组pLGT-03。将pLGT-03转染辅助病毒NDV08-004感染的表达T7RNA聚合酶BSRT7/5细胞进行功能鉴定。采用RT-PCR将NDV08-004的NP、P和L蛋白基因亚克隆入表达载体pCI-neo中,分别构建了三个辅助质粒pCI-NP、pCI-P、pCI-L。通过构建的微型基因组pLGT-03和三个辅助质粒按照一定的比例共转染BSRT7/5细胞来验证辅助质粒的功能。结果微型基因组pLGT-03转染辅助病毒感染的BSRT7/5细胞后可见明显荧光,表明微型基因组构建成功。微型基因组和辅助质粒共转染可见荧光表达,表明三个辅助质粒均具有相应的功能。结论表明微型基因组和辅助质粒均具有相应的功能,为建立NDV08-004的反向遗传操作平台奠定了基础。     

新城疫病毒classⅠ和classⅡ微型基因组的构建及其复制效率差异性的比较

为研究新城疫病毒(NDV)微型基因组的复制效率,本实验分别以NDV 9a5b(ClassⅠ)病毒株和La Sota(ClassⅡ)病毒株基因组骨架为平台,插入绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)作为报告基因替代病毒的整个编码区,只保留与病毒复制、转录和病毒包装相关的调控区域Leader和Trailer,构建获得的微型基因组DNA片段反向插入反向遗传载体TVT(0.0)中,从而构建了两株病毒的微型基因组质粒。同时,将相应病毒株的NP、P和L 3个基因分别克隆至pCI-neo载体中,构建3个辅助质粒的真核表达系统。通过将微型基因组和辅助质粒共转染BSR T7/5T7-5细胞,表明在相同转染条件下,无论使用哪一种辅助质粒,ClassⅡ型微型基因组的报告基因的表达效率均高于ClassⅠ型微型基因组。实验结果显示ClassⅠNDV转录复制系统的运行效率明显低于ClassⅡNDV。     

小反刍兽疫病毒感染性cDNA克隆的构建与病毒拯救

小反刍兽疫病毒(peste des petits ruminants virus, PPRV)是影响全球畜牧业的一种重要病原。本研究旨在建立稳定可靠的PPRV反向遗传操作平台，为解析PPRV致病机理、免疫逃逸机制、病毒复制机制等基础理论研究提供有效的技术平台，同时为开发更加安全、有效的新型疫苗奠定必要的前期基础。通过提取PPRV Clone9株的RNA,采用RT-PCR分6段扩增出PPRV反基因组cDNA,通过酶切、连接出PPRV Clone9株全长反基因组，获得pB-PPRV,同时构建表达PPRV核蛋白(nucleoprotein, N)、磷蛋白(phosphoprotein, P)和大蛋白(large protein, L)的3个辅助质粒。将pB-PPRV与辅助质粒通过脂质体转染BHK-T7细胞。转染3 d后，冻融3次，感染Vero细胞。传至第二代可观察到明显的细胞病变(CPE)。经间接免疫荧光、Western blot、RT-PCR和序列测定鉴定结果表明，拯救出具有感染性的病毒。拯救病毒(rPPRV-Clone9)在Vero细胞上可稳定传代，增殖动态与亲本病毒相似。本研究成功建立...     

鹅源副黏病毒NA-1株反向遗传操作体系的建立

应用cRACE等方法扩增鹅源副黏病毒NA-1株cDNA5′末端和3′末端,分6段扩增得到病毒的结构基因序列,而后连接本室构建的TLH-T转录载体,构建其cDNA全长克隆。在引入分子标签和验证辅助质粒的功能后,4质粒系统共转染VT7细胞系,成功拯救出了具有感染性的鹅副黏病毒。鹅源副黏病毒NA-1株反向遗传操作体系的建立为进一步深入研究该病毒基因组的功能以及新型疫苗的研发奠定了基础。     

表达PRRSV N蛋白稳定细胞系的构建与鉴定

旨在通过慢病毒表达系统构建稳定表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV) N蛋白的Marc-145细胞系。以PRRSV SH1株感染性克隆质粒为模板，通过PCR扩增N基因，并将其克隆到慢病毒载体中，获得重组慢病毒质粒pSin-Ires-Puro-N,将重组质粒pSin-Ires-Puro-N与辅助质粒psPAS2、pMD2.G、pRSV-Rev共转染293T细胞进行慢病毒包装，获得表达N蛋白的重组慢病毒颗粒并将其感染Marc-145细胞，嘌呤霉素初步筛选阳性细胞，筛选几代后的细胞采用有限稀释法和终点稀释法获得稳定表达N蛋白的Marc-145细胞系。通过PCR鉴定表明细胞系中存在N蛋白基因，通过间接免疫荧光(IFA)和Western blot试验验证N蛋白能在细胞系中能稳定表达。本研究成功构建了稳定表达PRRSV N蛋白的Marc-145细胞系，为研制PRRSV新型复制缺陷型疫苗奠定基础。     

ClassⅠ新城疫病毒BJ1株微基因组的构建及功能鉴定

将以绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)为报告基因的ClassⅠ类新城疫病毒(NDV)BJ1株微基因组质粒pOK-M和3个辅助蛋白表达质粒pCI-NP、pCI-P、pCI-L共转染BSR T7/5细胞,转染24 h即可见到明显的绿色荧光,表明微基因组及其3种辅助质粒均获得了表达,并具有各自的生物学功能,为进一步建立该毒株的反向遗传操作系统奠定了基础。     

“拯救”NA－1株鹅源副黏病毒微型基因组的构建

根据GenBank上已发表的NA-1株GPMV全序列设计并合成2对特异性引物,克隆得到GPMV的Leader及Tralier序列,与T7启动子、丁肝病毒核酶序列及T7终止子重叠PCR连接后,将连接产物克隆至改造的pVAXl载体中,并用增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因代替GPMV的整个编码区,只保留与病毒复制、转录和病毒包装相关的调控序列,酶切、测序及荧光鉴定后,与pCI-NP、pCI-P及pCI-L等3个辅助质粒共转染可表达T7RNA聚合酶的VT7细胞系,结果绿色荧光蛋白得到表达,表明成功构建了"拯救"病毒的微型基因组.     

PPRV受体信号转导淋巴细胞激活分子V区功能蛋白的表达及活性分析

信号转导淋巴细胞激活分子(SLAM)是小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)感染宿主的主要细胞受体,其N端V结构域的表达活化可以启动PPRV的入侵感染。本试验选用Slam/V结构域作为功能靶标进行表达,并分析其活性。分离山羊外周血淋巴细胞,提取其基因组RNA,应用RT-PCR方法扩增山羊SLAM/V基因,构建原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1/Slam/V。将获得的重组质粒pGEX-6P-1/Slam/V转化BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot对表达产物进行分析和验证。结果显示,IPTG诱导浓度为0.1 mmol/L、37℃,诱导14h时,靶标蛋白表达量最高,融合蛋白相对分子质量约为39 800,且主要以包涵体形式存在。经山羊抗人SLAM蛋白多克隆抗体识别鉴定,证实其具有良好的免疫反应活性。本试验为建立稳定表达山羊SLAM/V功能区的阳性细胞克隆及PPRV侵染路径研究奠定了基础。     

慢病毒介导稳定表达增强小反刍兽疫病毒复制的山羊Vero/SLAM细胞系的建立

利用Gateway技术和慢病毒表达系统将山羊淋巴细胞信号活化因子SLAM稳定整合在Vero细胞基因组染色体上,建立稳定表达可增强小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)复制的SLAM的Vero阳性细胞亚克隆,并验证阳性细胞亚克隆Vero/SLAM表达SLAM的活性、遗传稳定性及其对PPRV复制的增殖效果。分离山羊外周血淋巴细胞,提取基因组Total RNA,一步RT-PCR获得完整ORF的SLAM基因,采用BP及LR位点的基因重组技术,构建入门载体pDONR/SLAM并获得表达骨架pDEST/SLAM,与Packaging Mix pLP1、pLP2及VSV-G共转染293-FT细胞,获得SLAM复制缺陷型慢病毒样粒子,用其感染Vero细胞,杀稻瘟菌素抗性筛选获得阳性细胞克隆,通过靶标基因扩增、间接免疫荧光、激光扫描共聚焦显微技术、Western blot免疫印迹检测技术、致细胞病变效应及Realtime RT-PCR等技术分别验证SLAM基因组整合、转录,SLAM蛋白表达、反应活性以及PPRV在表达SLAM阳性细胞亚克隆上的增殖效果。结果显示:SLAM受体基因被稳定整合在Vero细胞基因组染色体上,该受体蛋白表达于细胞周质,建立的细胞连续传代不丢失,接种病毒后致细胞病变时间由4～7d缩短为3.5d,TCID₅₀·0.1mL^-1由4.25增加为5.67,相对于正常Vero细胞,整合有SLAM的Vero细胞,由于表达了PPRV特异的细胞受体使PPRV对其易感性显著增强。成功建立一株稳定表达靶向增强PPRV复制的Vero/SLAM细胞:该细胞表达的SLAM具有明显增强PPRV复制的功能,不仅可以从细胞模型水平阐明增强PPRV复制的关键靶基因,也为PPRV感染引起宿主细胞的变化以及对机体的致病机制等提供研究工具。     

PPR与RP病毒N蛋白片段的克隆表达与纯化

目的选取PPRV和RPVN蛋白中抗原性较强、氨基酸差异性较大的片段进行重组表达。方法对PPRV和RPVN蛋白中51-175aa、376-525aa蛋白片段基因进行大肠杆菌偏爱密码子优化后人工合成,利用分子生物学技术,将目的基因分别克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a(+)构建重组表达质粒,将重组表达质粒转化至E.coliBL21(DE3),诱导表达并纯化PPRV与RPVN蛋白中51-175aa、376-525aa片段。结果得到了分子量分别约17.8kD、20.6kD的各两段融合蛋白。结论本研究成功表达了PPRV和RPVN蛋白中抗原性较强、氨基酸差异性较大的51-175aa和376-525aa蛋白片段,为制备能区别PPR和RP病毒的特异性单抗提供了抗原。     

小反刍兽疫病毒及山羊痘病毒N-ITR基因二联实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and goat pox virus (GTPV) are the causative agents of two kinds of goats’ diseases-peste des petits ruminants and goat pox which can cause disaster economic losses. In order to detect the two viruses simultaneously and quickly, two sets of primers and relative probes were designed based on the nucleoprotein (N) gene of PPRV and the inverted terminal repeat (ITR) segment of GTPV， respectively. In order to work together in the same reaction, the probes were labeled with different fluorescent materials 5′FAM-TAMRA3′and 5′JOE-Eclipse3′，respectively. Results showed that the duplex Real-time RT-PCR assay was identified to be specific for PPRV and GTPV only and specific fluorescent signal could be detected, but the related viruses including fowl pox virus（FPV）and canine distemper virus (CDV) had no specific fluorescent signal. Positive recombinant plasmids (PPRV pMD18-T-N and GTPV pMD18-T-ITR) were built and used for positive quantitative templates to establish duplex standard curves. The developed assay based on the probe N-ITR was found to be highly specific and sensitive with a detection limit of 10² copies/μL cDNA and 10³ copies/μL DNA for PPRV and GTPV， respectively. Finally, the duplex Real-time RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of PPRV and GTPV was established preliminarily in the study.     

Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants vaccine virus of Indian origin

The nucleotide sequences of the phosphoprotein (P) gene of peste des petits ruminants (PPRV) vaccine virus (PPRV Sungri/96) belongs to Asian lineage have been determined and the deduced amino acid sequences were compared with another vaccine strain PPRV/Nigeria75/1 and with those of the other morbilliviruses. The 1652 nucleotides of the P gene encode a phosphoprotein of 509 amino acid residues (from nucleotide numbers 60 to 1587), which is 91% identical to that of PPRV/Nigeria75/1. The C protein consists of 177 amino acid residues and is 91% identical with that of PPRV/Nigeria75/1. The conserved mRNA editing site (5'TTAAAAGGGCACAG) was present at positions 742-756 in the P gene, which is conserved in all other morbilliviruses. The CTT trinucleotide sequence is present at the N/P and P/M intergenic region, which is totally conserved in morbilliviruses. This will be the third sequence for the P gene of PPRV since that of the vaccine strain and a wild-type Turkish isolate has been published already.     

Establishment of Vero Cell Line Expressing Goat SLAM Receptor Stably

Signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM,also called CD150) serves as a main cell receptor for PPRV (peste des petits ruminants virus).This study was aimed to establish a cell line,using Vero cells as the parental cell,to express goat SLAM stably,which could be used to isolate and propagate PPRV.The gene encoding goat SLAM in vitro was synthesized and cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2-GFP,and the recombinant expression plasmid pIRES2-gSLAM was obtained.The positive stably transfectant Vero-gSLAM cells were screened by G418 and identified by immunofluorescence(IF) and RT-PCR.The result of virus titration by Vero-gSLAM cell line showed that PPRV strain N75/1 had a titre of 10^-4.65 TCID₅₀ per 0.1 mL in Vero cell at 5 day after infection and the titre of PPRV N75/1 strain was 10^-5.75 TCID₅₀ per 0.1 mL in Vero-gSLAM cells.The cell line would play an active role in virus isolation,biological characteristics study and vaccine virus production of PPRV.     

小反刍兽疫病毒N基因在昆虫细胞中的表达

为了研发小反刍兽疫病毒ELISA检测试剂盒中替代全病毒的抗原物质,参照GenBank公布的小反刍兽疫疫苗株Nigeria75/1的全基因组序列(GenBank登录号:X74443),人工合成表达核蛋白的N基因开放阅读框序列,通过PCR扩增、经引物设计引入的EcoRⅠ和KpnⅠ特异性酶切位点,将N基因克隆于昆虫杆状病毒表...     

稳定表达山羊SLAM受体的Vero细胞系的建立

信号淋巴激活分子（signalling lymphocyte activation molecule, SLAM）又称CD150,是小反刍兽疫病毒（peste des petits ruminants virus, PPRV）和犬瘟热病毒（canine distemper virus, CDV）等麻疹病毒属病毒感染淋巴细胞的主要受体,在病毒侵入细胞中发挥着重要作用。为了建立稳定表达山羊SLAM真核细胞系,本研究将全基因合成的gSLAM基因克隆至真核表达质粒pIRES2-GFP中,构建了重组质粒pIRES2-gSLAM。将该重组质粒转染非洲绿猴肾细胞（Vero）,经G418筛选后,筛选到稳定表达gSLAM基因的细胞系Vero-gSLAM,该细胞系在传代至第10代,仍能稳定表达gSLAM基因,PPRV N75/1病毒株可以感染且能形成明显的细胞病变（CPE）,相比在Vero细胞上10^-4.65 TCID₅₀/0.1 mL的毒价,在Vero-gSLAM上为10^-5.75 TCID₅₀/0.1 mL,其毒价有所提高。该细胞系可用于PPRV强毒分离和致弱机制等相关研究。     

基于N基因的小反刍兽疫病毒贵州流行株分子特征与分群研究

为探讨小反刍兽疫病毒（peste des petits ruminants virus,PPRV）贵州流行株N基因分子特征和分群,试验设计了1对特异性引物,应用RT-PCR技术对小反刍兽疫（peste des petits ruminants,PPR）临床样本进行N基因扩增,克隆至pMD19-T载体,对阳性重组质粒进行测序,应用DANStar软件对测序序列和参考序列进行核苷酸同源性、氨基酸同源性、变异位点及系统进化树分析。结果显示：PPRV贵州流行株N基因扩增长度为1 578 bp,其相互间核苷酸、氨基酸同源性分别为99.6%~100.0%及99.2%~100.0%,与国内参考株N基因的核苷酸序列（97.7%~99.9%）及氨基酸序列（98.3%~100.0%）同源性较国外参考株（88.5%~97.7%和92.2%~98.5%）高;PPRV贵州流行株N基因编码的氨基酸同疫苗株Nigeria 75-1相比存在26个位点突变,但没有氨基酸的缺失或增加;基于N基因系统进化分析显示,PPRV贵州流行株同国内参考株处于同一个进化分支,但与国外参考株处于不同进化分支;其属于病毒进化的Ⅳ基因群,与国内参考株处于同一系统分群,但与疫苗株Nigeria 75-1（Ⅰ基因群）处于不同基因群。     

Sequence Analysis of the Nucleoprotein Gene of Asian Lineage Peste des Petits Ruminants Vaccine Virus

The complete nucleotide sequence of the nucleocapsid (N) protein of the peste-des-petits ruminants vaccine virus (PPRV Sungri/96) belonging to the Asian lineage was determined. The gene was 1692 nucleotides in length and encoded a polypeptide of 525 amino acids. The PPRV Sungri/96 N gene has a nucleotide homology of 92% for PPRV Nigeria 75/1 to 55.5% for canine distemper virus. At amino acid level the homology was 94.1% with PPRV Nigeria 75/1, while with other morbilliviruses, PPRV Sungri/96 had only 71.4–64.9% amino acid identity. The phosphorylation prediction reveals eight conserved sites across morbilliviruses, whereas in the C-terminal portion of the protein the sites are not conserved. Phylogenetic analysis of different N proteins of morbilliviruses revealed five well-defined clusters as observed previously. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report describing the nucleocapsid gene sequence of PPRV Indian isolate. Muthuchelvan, D., Sanyal, A., Balamurugan,V., Dhar, P. and Bandyopadhyay, S.K., 2006. Sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein gene of Asian lineage peste des petits ruminants vaccine virus.Veterinary Research Communications, 30(8), 957–963     

The production of peste des petits ruminants hyperimmune sera in rabbits and their application in virus diagnosis

Hyperimmune sera were produced by serial inoculation of rabbits with Vero cell-adapted, sucrose gradient-purified Nigerian peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) isolate. Two antisera produced, neutralized the homologous PPRV but not the heterologous rinderpest Kabette "O" virus. The antisera gave strong precipitin lines with purified PPRV antigens and were used to detect PPRV and rinderpest virus antigens from ante-mortem secretions and post-mortem tissue homogenates from PPR and rinderpest virus infected goats and cattle by the agar gel precipitation tests (AGPT). The hyperimmune sera gave good titration curves with both purified Nigerian goat and the United Arab Emirate wildlife PPRV isolates in the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results of indirect ELISA showed that although there were some cross reactions with the rinderpest, canine-distemper and measles viruses, at 1:100 dilution, the antisera would give a positive signal with only the homologous PPR virus.