鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒DK株VP2基因序列分析及其对SPF雏鸡的致病力

为探究鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)DK分离株的致病性和遗传变异情况,本研究测定了该分离株的鸡胚半数致死量(ELD50)、对SFP雏鸡的致病力以及扩增病毒的VP2基因并分析其序列。结果显示,DK分离株对鸡胚的ELD50为104.5/0.2mL,以2×10^3ELD50剂量感染SFP雏鸡出现典型IBD的临床症状、剖检和组织学病变;实验鸡发病率为100%,致死率为44.4%;DK株VP2基因序列与参考株的同源性为93.1%~97.0%、氨基酸序列同源性为93.6%~97.5%,其基因序列和氨基酸序列均与Cu-1wt参考株(经典株)同源性最高;DK株VP2氨基酸序列的七肽区SASWSGS及249Q、253Q、279D、284A、290M、313V、330S氨基酸位点均与强毒株的氨基酸位点一致;但其222P、256V、299N3个氨基酸不符合IBDV超强毒株的特征;而其第222、249位氨基酸为P和Q,与抗原变异株(vIBDV)的T和K也不相同。结果表明:IBDVDK株为中等偏强毒力病毒。本研究为IBD的防控提供参考依据。     

三株鸡传染性法氏囊病毒弱毒株的分离与分子鉴定

本试验在江苏省鸡场分离获得3株鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）,采用RT—PCR法扩增VP2基因,将产物克隆入pMD18T载体,经测序,并与IBDV代表株VP2基因的高变区序列进行分析比较。结果显示,3个分离株与超强毒株、强毒株、突变株及弱毒株的核苷酸同源性在89．5％～98．9％之间,与弱毒株Cu-1和疫苗株PBG-98同源性最高,为98．9％;推导出的氨基酸序列与代表性毒株的同源性在98．2％～99．5％之间。其中,七肽区的第三个丝氨酸残基突变为精氨酸或苏氨酸,279和284位氨基酸残基突变为天冬氨酸和苏氨酸,222、294和299位氨基酸残基分别突变为脯氨酸、亮氨酸和天冬氨酸。上述试验表明3株分离株均为临床弱毒株。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒强毒株HB／11的分离与鉴定

2011年8月,从河南省疑似传染性法氏囊病鸡群采集病料,通过鸡胚接种、琼脂扩散试验和RT-PCR等方法,证实分离的病毒为传染性法氏囊病病毒（Infectiousbursaldiseasevirus,IBDV）,命名为HB／11株。序列分析表明,HB／11株VP2基因的核苷酸序列与GenBank中发表的部分国内外IBDV超强毒株VP2基因序列相似性在99％左右;HB／11株VP2高变区基因含有七肽基序为SWSASGS,在222、253、256、279、284、294和299位上的氨基酸残基分别是A、Q、I、D、A、I和S,具有IBDV强毒的分子特征。动物回归试验表明,30日龄鸡群接种该毒株后引起鸡群发病率为100％,死亡率为70％,剖检可见鸡传染性法氏囊病典型病变。因此该病毒为IBDV强毒株。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒株VP2基因在重组腺病毒中的表达

用RT-PCR方法从传染性法氏囊病(IBD)免疫预防失败的病鸡法氏囊组织AH1与AH2中扩增传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)VP2基因。序列分析结果显示,AH1与AH2病毒VP2基因长度均为1350nt,编码450aa,核苷酸和氨基酸序列的同源性分别为98.2%、99.3%,七肽基序均为SWSASGS,在222、253、256、279、284、294和299位上的氨基酸残基分别是A、Q、I、D、A、I和S,具有IBDV强毒的分子特征。进一步将VP2基因克隆入人5型腺病毒穿梭载体(pShuttle-CMV),与腺病毒骨架载体(pAdEasyTM)共转化大肠杆菌BJ5183进行同源重组并转染HEK-293A细胞,经多次亚克隆获得了重组腺病毒rAd-(IBDV)VP2。利用Western-blot、IFA等方法检测IBDVVP2蛋白的体外表达情况,结果证明VP2基因在腺病毒中获得了表达。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒C4毒株VP2基因的原核表达及生物信息学分析

试验旨在研究一株传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）河南分离株的毒力特征及其与VP2氨基酸序列特征的关系。通过提取IBDV C4株RNA,利用RT-PCR扩增其VP2基因,与其他不同毒力IBDV毒株进行核苷酸及推导的氨基酸序列比对分析,同时使用pET-32a（+）原核表达载体表达VP2基因,用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测重组VP2蛋白的表达。结果显示,扩增的IBDV C4株的VP2基因序列在进化关系上属于超强毒力IBDV（vvIBDV）分类,与选取的vvIBDV毒株代表毒株核苷酸序列同源性在98.1%~98.7%之间,其七肽区为S-W-S-A-S-G-S（第326-332位氨基酸）符合超强毒株特征,且222（A）、256（I）、294（I）和299（S）位氨基酸与超强毒力毒株的4个特征性氨基酸一致;但IBDV C4毒株的VP2蛋白氨基酸序列与超强毒力毒株代表毒株UK661相比,201（D/G）、281（G/R）、313（V/A）位氨基酸不同,其中281位氨基酸的改变处于279-290的小亲水区内,与病毒抗原性有关;构建的pET-32a（+）-VP2原核表达载体在大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞上表达出分子质量约67 ku的重组VP2蛋白,为进一步比较201（G）、281（R）、313（A）位氨基酸差异导致的抗原特性改变提供了研究基础。本试验结果表明,IBDV C4株VP2基因与vvIBDV毒株VP2基因的主要特性一致,但也有3处氨基酸与代表毒株UK661存在差异,这些改变可能与中国IBDV毒株毒力的进化有关。     

IBDV流行强毒HQ-b株与其细胞适应毒生物学特性比较及VP2、VP5基因序列分析

为了解IBDV流行强毒HQ-b株囊毒与其细胞适应毒间生物学特性差异及2毒株毒力变化与VP2、VP5基因变异的关系,对2毒株的细胞适应性、致病性等进行比较,同时对其VP2、VP5基因序列进行分析。结果表明,HQ-b株囊毒对CEF、CEK、CELi、DF-1和Vero均不适应,而细胞适应毒HQ株仅不能适应Vero细胞、且批内及批间毒价稳定。致病性结果显示HQ-b株对4周龄SPF鸡致死率高达80%,是真正的超强毒,而细胞适应毒致死率已降为0%。对VP2基因高变区研究表明,HQ-b株具备IBDV超强毒株的分子特征,即222A、256I、294I和299S;其细胞适应毒HQ株除222A→P、256I→V、294I→L和299S→N外,在VP2公认的毒力位点253(Q→H)、279(D→N)、284(A→T)位氨基酸也发生改变,导致细胞适应毒具备经典弱毒株的分子特征,即222P、256V、279N、284T、294L和299N。对VP5基因研究表明:流行强毒HQ-b株也具有IBDV超强毒株的分子特征;其细胞适应毒VP5基因有12个位点碱基突变并导致9处氨基酸变异,尤其是ORF区第2个碱基由"T"突变为"C"后,导致细胞适应毒VP5的N端丢失了4个氨基酸,这种突变与现有的疫苗毒完全一致。本研究提供了超强毒HQ-b培育、驯化后致病性和细胞适应性转变的分子机理,也丰富了IBDV分子流行病学的理论。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒山西株的鉴定及毒力分析

研究通过对山西某养鸡场送检疑似鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)感染的病鸡采集病料,设计引物进行PCR鉴定,扩增出831 bp的特异性片段,初步确定病鸡感染IBDV。扩增分离病毒的VP2和VP3片段序列并进行同源性比对和构建系统发育进化树,而后进行生物学毒力测定试验和动物回归试验。结果显示:VP2和VP3扩增出总长度为474 bp和771 bp的片段;VP2序列中七肽氨基酸顺序为SWSARGS,且在222、253、256、279、284、294、299位点的氨基酸分别为P、H、V、N、T、L、N,均与标准弱毒株相同;分离株VP2序列与B87和Gt株的同源性最高,与B87和Gt株等处于同一个分支;分离株VP3序列与B87和Gt株的同源性最高,且与之位于同一个分支;病毒生物学毒力试验结果显示,分离株的MDT、IVPI、ICPI分别是120 h、0、0.4。确定分离的IBDV为弱毒株;动物回归试验结果显示,发病SPF鸡剖检有典型的传染性法氏囊病病变,表明分离株具有明显的致病性。     

山东省鸡传染性法氏囊病流行现状及病毒特性

用RT-PCR方法对山东省疑似传染性法氏囊病(IBD)组织样品进行检测,对阳性样品进行了病毒分离,设计引物扩增出分离病毒的全基因组。谱系分析表明,除WF株外,其他分离株与国内大部分强毒株位于同一个谱系。序列分析表明,LY、QD、BZ、LC、TA、DZ、HZ、JN分离株VP2七肽基序均为S-W-S-A-S-G-S,在第222、253、256、279、284、294和299位上的氨基酸残基分别是A、Q、I、D、A、I和S,具有IBDV强毒的分子特征。攻毒试验表明,LY株产生明显IBD病变,死亡率为40%(2/5),为强毒株,结果与序列分析一致。WF株与B87和Gt疫苗株位于同一谱系,VP2分子特征也与Gt弱毒株相同,攻毒试验显示WF株为弱毒株。同源性分析表明,LY、QD、BZ、LC、TA、DZ、HZ、JN与国内分离的强毒株之间VP2氨基酸序列的同源性为93.3%~99.8%,与现行商品疫苗毒株B87和Gt的VP2氨基酸序列同源性分别为94.1~96.2%和94.5~96.9%;WF分离株与国内分离株之间VP2氨基酸同源性为95.6%~99.2%,与疫苗株B87和Gt株VP2氨基酸同源性分别为99.2%和99.6%。本文对山东省流行的鸡传染性法氏囊病毒进行了分子流行病学分析,对病毒的基因组学和致病性进行了初步研究,此研究对了解本病的流行现状,分析病毒变异规律具有重要意义。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病毒JS株毒力测定

35日龄SPF鸡半数致死量(LD50)和9日龄SPF鸡胚半数致死量(ELD50)试验结果显示,传染性法氏囊病毒(1BDV)JS株的LD50为10-3.60.1 mL/只,ELD50为10-5.20.1 mL/胚;1～6周龄SPF鸡及商品鸡的致病性试验结果显示,IBDV JS株对SPF鸡和商品鸡3周龄后的致病率为100%,最高致死率分别为93.75%和75%;应用RT-PCR方法从IBDV JS株中扩增的VP2基因,经序列测定分析结果显示,IBDV JS株的VP2基因与香港HK46、日本OKYM、英国UK661等国际超强毒株的氨基酸序列的同源性达99%以上.表明IBDV JS株为超强毒株.     

靶向VP1和VP2双拷贝shRNA重组表达质粒抑制传染性法氏囊病病毒复制的研究

为抑制传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)的复制,本研究构建了靶向IBDV VP1和VP2基因的鸡双向U6启动子(chU6)双拷贝shRNA重组表达质粒pchU6-shRNA12,将其转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),再接种IBDV,72 h后,未出现细胞病变(CPE),病毒滴度小于101 TCID50/0.1mL;而转染空质粒和未转染两个对照组均出现明显的CPE,病毒滴度均达到108.75 TCID50/0.1 mL.此外,将pchU6-shRNA12与IBDV混合,接种于10日龄SPF鸡胚尿囊腔,96 h后,鸡胚发育正常,病毒滴度小于101 ELD5,0/0.1 mL,实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测VP1和VP2基因,比单纯接种IBDV组分别降低92％和95％;而含有空质粒和不含质粒两个对照组鸡胚则全部死亡,病毒滴度均达到107.00 ELD50/0.1mL.本研究结果表明,chU6启动子在双拷贝shRNA表达质粒pchU6-shRNA12中能高效驱动双拷贝shRNA的转录,生成的siRNA在CEF(in vitro)和鸡胚体内(in vivo)均能有效抑制IBDV的复制.     

4株鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒VP2基因序列分析

试验从发病鸡场分离获得4株鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV）,分别为河北株（HB）、湖北株（HUB）、山东株（SD）、山西株（SX）。通过特异性引物扩增VP2基因并进行测序,序列分析结果显示,4株病毒中,HUB、SD和SX的七肽区为S-W-S-A-S-G-S（aa 326S-332S）,其222（A）、256（I）、294（I）和299（S）位是传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒株（vvIBDV）的4个特征性氨基酸,确定这3株病毒均为超强毒株;而HB株七肽区为S-W-S-A-R-G-S（aa 326S-332S）,其222（P）、256（V）、294（L）和299（N）位氨基酸显示该毒株属于弱毒株。进化树分析结果显示,HUB、SD和SX 3株病毒与2011年中国分离的大部分IBDV毒株亲缘关系较近,同源性在96%以上,同时与经典毒株Cro-Po/00、超强毒株GX和UK661亲缘关系很近;而HB株与减毒疫苗株D78株和B87株的亲缘关系近。本试验结果表明,IBDV目前在中国流行呈混发型,但以超强毒株为主。     

Comparative immunopathogenesis of mild,intermediate, and virulent strains of classic infectious bursal disease virus

Differences in the immunopathogenesis of several strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were compared. The strains included a virulent virus (IBDV-IM) and three vaccine viruses that included an intermediate vaccine virus (IBDV-B2) and two mild vaccine viruses (IBDV-Lukert and IBDV-BVM). The most significant differences were found in the systemic effects of these strains. In comparison with other strains, IBDV-IM antigen was detectable for up to 8 days postinfection (PI) in lymphoid tissues that included spleen and cecal tonsils, whereas only a few IBDV-B2- and IBDV-Lukert- and no IBDV-BVM-inoculated birds had detectable IBDV antigen in these tissues. IBDV-IM induced systemic circulating nitrite levels in over 86% of the birds at days 2 and 3 PI. IBDV-IM suppressed most vigorously the splenic mitogenic response on days 3-8 PI. Among the three vaccine strains, IBDV-B2 was the most virulent of the three, inducing a significant suppression of the mitogenic response (P < 0.05) and the most vigorous lesions in the bursa of Fabricius with the highest possible lesion score of 4 at 3 days PI (P < 0.05). IBDV-BVM was the mildest strain, not inducing any detectable lesions in lymphoid tissue at the tested time points. Whereas all IBDV-BVM-inoculated and 67% and 33% of the IBDV-Lukert- and IBDV-B2-inoculated birds, respectively, had detectable IBDV antigen in the bursa at 4 days postchallenge, none of the IBDV-IM-inoculated birds was positive for IBDV by immunohistochemistry. IBDV-IM induced the highest enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody levels detected at days 8-29 PI (P < 0.05) and the best protection against challenge virus replication in comparison with IBDV-B2 and IBDV-Lukert. Only one of five IBDV-BVM-inoculated birds developed anti-IBDV ELISA antibodies at 29 days PI, and none of the birds was protected against IBDV challenge. We speculate that better protection with more virulent strains was due to more systemic antigenic stimulation on the basis of higher replication of IBDV in extrabursal lymphoid tissues. Interestingly, IBDV-IM did not differ from IBDV-B2 and IBDV-Lukert in its ability to induce T cell accumulation in the bursa at 8 days PI and local interferon-gamma induction from days 2 to 5 PI. These results suggested that the local T cell events in the bursa alone may not be indicative of a rapid and protective immune response.     

Reduction of infectious bursal disease virus replication by shRNAs targeting the VP1 and VP2 genes driven by chicken U6 promoter

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes a highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease in young chickens and results in considerable economic losses for the poultry industry. To suppress the replication of IBDV, two short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were designed for targeting the VP1 and VP2 genes of IBDV. Recombinant plasmids carrying each shRNA or two shRNAs were constructed based on vector pSilencer2.1-U6 in which the human U6 promoter was replaced with chicken U6 promoter. In chicken embryo fibroblasts, transfection with these shRNA plasmids 24 h before infection with IBDV B87 reduced 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID₅₀) from 10^8.75 TCID₅₀/0.1 mL to 10^3.75–10^1.0 TCID₅₀/0.1 mL. In 10-day old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos, incubation with a mixture of IBDV B87 and a shRNA plasmid via the allantoic cavity resulted in 100% mortality and high IBDV virus titer in the control group but 25–0% mortality and near normal embryo development in the specific shRNA groups; additionally, IBDV VP1 and VP2 mRNA levels were reduced by 72–95% in the shRNA groups as compared with the control groups. When challenged with a virulent strain IBDV GX8/99, 14-day-old chickens pre-treated with the single shRNA plasmids or the dual shRNA plasmid showed approximately 70% or 90% survival at 5 days post-challenge while those pre-treated with control plasmid or saline had less than 5% survival. The current study suggests that two IBDV shRNAs expressed by a plasmid under chicken U6 promoter could effectively and synergistically reduce IBDV replication in vitro and in vivo.     

Isolation and propagation of infectious bursal disease virus using the ovine kidney continuous cell line.

Twenty-six samples known to contain infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were examined by virus-isolation attempts on ovine kidney (OK) cell line, Vero cell line, and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cultures. Virus was isolated from two of 26 samples, three of 26 samples, and three of 25 samples on OK, Vero, and CEF cultures, respectively. However, in contrast to IBDV replication in Vero and CEF cultures, isolated virus was unable to induce serially sustained cytopathic effects (CPE) during successive passages in the OK cell line, unless cell lysates were treated with chloroform between every other passage. The cytopathogenicity of the untreated virus passaged in OK cells was revived and maintained upon passage in Vero cells. An initial single passage of laboratory or field material in OK cells followed by further passages in Vero cells resulted in virus isolation from six of 26 samples, which was better virus recovery than when either cell line was used alone or when CEF cultures were used. Twenty of the 26 test samples were originally positive when examined by nucleic acid hybridization with radiolabeled IBDV cDNA, indicating that some of the samples that were negative upon virus isolation using OK and Vero cells may have contained inactivated virus.     

Single and combined infections of specific-pathogen-free chickens with infectious bursal disease virus and an intestinal isolate of reovirus

The susceptibility of 1-day-old and 7-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens to infection with a virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) or an intestinal isolate of avian reovirus, or a combination of the two, was investigated. Chickens infected with IBDV and reovirus had more severe pathological lesions than chickens infected with either virus alone, and prior infection with IBDV enhanced the pathogenicity of enteric reovirus. Virus recovery was attempted from bursa, spleen, thymus, liver, intestine, pancreas, cecal tonsils, heart, and tarso-metatarsal tendons. Viruses were recovered from all tissues sampled for either IBDV or reovirus isolation, and indications were that infection with IBDV before infection with reovirus led to longer persistence of reovirus in some tissues. Antibodies to IBDV or reovirus were measured by the virus neutralization test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Chickens infected with IBDV had lower (P less than 0.05) antibody responses to reovirus than chickens infected with reovirus alone.