小麦水解蛋白对早期断奶仔猪生产性能及肠道健康的影响

为了探讨小麦水解蛋白对早期断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道健康的影响,选取23日龄三元仔猪320头(体重7 kg左右),随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20头。分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+1.0%L-谷氨酰胺、基础日粮+3.3%小麦水解蛋白、基础日粮+5.0%小麦水解蛋白,试验期28 d。结果表明:添加3.3%小麦水解蛋白和1.0%L-谷氨酰胺组提高了0~14 d、14~28 d、0~28 d的日增重(P0.05)和采食量(P0.05),并降低了0~28 d的料重比。添加5.0%小麦水解蛋白提高了14~28 d、0~28 d的日增重(P0.05)并降低了14~28 d、0~28 d的料重比。各试验组0~28 d腹泻率、空肠隐窝深度都显著降低(P0.05)。结果提示,断奶仔猪日粮中添加小麦水解蛋白可提高断奶仔猪生长性能和改善肠道健康。     

日粮添加谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪小肠酶的影响

选用大长北仔猪40头 ,21日龄断奶 ,随机分为试验组和对照组。按等氮等能的原则配制日粮 ,试验组日粮添加1.2 %的谷氨酰胺。分别在35日龄和49日龄每组屠宰5头性别相同的仔猪 ,以研究日粮添加谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪小肠酶的影响。试验结果表明 ,日粮添加谷氨酰胺可缓解仔猪49日龄时小肠乳糖酶活性的降低 ;可显著增加35日龄和49日龄十二指肠粘膜和组织中亮氨酰氨基肽酶的活性 ;35日龄时试验组仔猪空肠亮氨酰氨基肽酶的活性也明显增加 ,但与对照组相比差异不显著 ;49日龄时试验组仔猪空肠亮氨酰氨基肽酶的活性与对照组无明显差异 ;仔猪回肠亮氨酰氨基肽酶的活性无论在35天和49天都无显著的变化。日粮添加谷氨酰胺可增加肠道亮氨酰氨基肽酶的活性 ,对乳糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性无明显的影响     

日粮添加谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪小肠形态结构的影响

试验选用60头21d断奶、体重均一的杜长大仔猪。按单因素完全随机化设计随机分为2组,一组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;一组为试验组,基础日粮添加0.5%的谷氨酰胺,研究谷氨酰胺处理对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜形态变化的影响。在断奶当天及断奶后7d和14d每个处理随机选取3头仔猪屠宰,取小肠组织,测定肠黏膜的形态结构变化。结果表明:日粮中添加谷氨酰胺提高了小肠绒毛高度和固有层厚度及皱褶深度。     

影响断奶仔猪小肠结构完整性的因素

小肠是营养物质消化吸收的主要场所,小肠结构的完整性对养分消化利用具有重要的意义。影响断奶仔猪小肠结构完整性的因素较多,包括乳源活性物质消失、断奶应激、采食量及饲粮组成等。本文综述了影响断奶仔猪小肠结构完整性的重要因素。     

谷氨酰胺和甘氨酰谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

选择120头三元杂交仔猪进行饲养试验,研究外源性谷氨酰胺和甘氨酰谷氨酰胺对28日龄断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。结果表明,基础日粮中添加1%谷氨酰胺和0.2%的甘氨酰谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪的平均日增重及料重比均无显著影响,有降低腹泻率的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

谷氨酰胺二肽对断奶仔猪肠道免疫的影响

采用体外淋巴细胞转化试验研究谷氨酰胺(Gln)及丙氨酰谷氨酰胺(Ala-Gln)对早期断奶仔猪肠系膜淋巴结细胞增殖的影响。摘取28日龄断奶仔猪肠系膜空、回肠淋巴结,分离淋巴细胞,接种于含不同浓度Gln或Ala-Gln的培养液中37℃培养72h后,四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法测定细胞增殖。Gln浓度为2mmol/L时,淋巴细胞刺激指数最大;Ala-Gln浓度为1mmol/L时,淋巴细胞刺激指数最大。增加Gln或Ala-Gln浓度并没有增加其效应。本试验表明Gln和Ala-Gln均可以促进丝裂原植物凝集素(PHA)刺激的淋巴细胞增殖,在一定浓度范围内Ala-Gln与Gln具有相似的作用。     

谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫的调节作用

作者综述了早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统、谷氨酰胺的营养生理功能、早期断奶对仔猪肠黏膜免疫的影响,以及谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统的结构和功能、肠道屏障功能、肠道抗氧化能力及生产性能的影响。     

谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和特异OVA抗体的影响

近年来,谷氨酰胺(Glutamine,Gln)在动物营养中的作用日益受到关注.Gln被定义为条件性必需氨基酸,即在某种疾病和应激情况下是必需的.许多研究表明,在日粮中添加Gln可以明显改善仔猪断奶应激所造成的损害,可阻止仔猪肠绒毛萎缩,维持肠道正常的形态和结构,支持胃肠道细胞增殖,维持免疫细胞的正常功能,提高抗氧化能力并降低死亡率.充分了解Gln对机体的重要作用,对于畜牧生产具有深远意义.     

谷氨酰胺及其对早期断奶仔猪免疫的影响

本文主要综述了谷氨酰胺的合成和降解及其去向,并对谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪免疫功能包括仔猪肠道结构和功能、小肠酶活性、抗氧化能力及腹泻的影响进行了探讨。     

外源核苷酸对断奶仔猪生产性能和小肠发育的影响

选用21日龄断奶仔猪160头,随机分为5组,每组4个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂含0.2%核苷酸的日粮。经21d试验,结果表明:日粮中添加0.2%核苷酸能显著提高断奶仔猪的饲料利用率,饲料转化率比对照组提高16.90%(P<0.05),并能显著提高仔猪断奶后第7天十二指肠绒毛高度和第14天回肠黏膜DNA含量,分别比对照组提高44.79%(P<0.05)和111.65%(P<0.05)。     

谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪粪中指标的影响

本试验研究了不同水平的谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪粪中指标的影响。试验选用80头28±1d断奶、体重为6.16±0.13kg的长白×约克夏仔猪,按完全随机化设计分为5个处理,日粮中谷氨酰胺的添加量分别为0%、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%和1.2%。试验期21d。试验结果表明,随着谷氨酰胺添加量的增加,粪中有机酸含量逐渐升高,pH值呈下降趋势,而氨的含量逐渐减少。说明谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪有改善肠道微生物区系和消化功能的作用,并且促进氨基酸平衡,改善畜舍环境。综合粪中各项指标,谷氨酰胺的最佳添加剂量为1.2%。     

氧化锌对断奶仔猪生产性能和体液免疫的影响

本试验研究了不同添加水平的氧化锌对断奶仔猪生产性能和体液免疫的影响。选择96头21日龄健康三元(杜×长×大)杂交断奶仔猪,平均体重(6.87±0.53)kg,按体重和性别分成4个处理组,每处理组3个重复。第1组为对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮 金霉素100mg/kg,第2、3、4组为试验组,在基础日粮中添加氧化锌,添加水平依次为900、1800、3400mg/kg。研究结果表明,各试验组日增重、料肉比显著改善(P<0.05),腹泻率显著下降(P<0.05),同时添加氧化锌还可以提高仔猪血清IgG、IgA、IgM含量,使仔猪体液免疫功能得到增强。     

哺乳期使用植物小肽对断奶后仔猪肠道微生物及肠道形态的影响

选用(25±2)日龄的PIC五元杂交断奶仔猪300头,根据哺乳期使用的4种不同的日粮(对照日粮,以及含有2%血浆蛋白、2%植物小肽和4%植物小肽日粮)分为4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复25头,探讨哺乳期使用植物小肽对断奶后仔猪肠道微生物和肠道形态的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,哺乳期日粮中使用植物小肽,对减少断奶后仔猪肠道内大肠杆菌和沙门菌的繁殖,增加断奶仔猪肠道内有益菌属乳酸菌的繁殖有一定作用(P>0.05)。使用4%植物小肽提高了十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度(P>0.05)和绒腺比(P<0.05),减小了隐窝深度(P<0.05)。植物小肽能够刺激断奶后仔猪肠道发育,使断奶后仔猪肠道绒毛高度增加,隐窝深度变浅,这种趋势随着植物小肽添加量的增加而提高。     

凝结芽孢杆菌BC66对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率及肠道形态结构的影响

为研究凝结芽孢杆菌BC66对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表现消化率及肠道形态结构的影响,试验选取同批次体况相近的21日龄[杜×长×大,(6.39±0.36)kg]断奶仔猪180头,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复20头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加1.0×106、1.0×107 cfu/g凝结芽孢...     

Effects of graded levels of xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance,serum parameters,intestinal morphology,and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs) supplementation on growth performance, serum parameters, small intestinal morphology, intestinal mucosal integrity, and immune function in weaned piglets. A total of 240 weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 8.82 ± 0.05 kg (28 d of age) were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments in a 28-d trial, including a control (CON) diet and three diets with XOS supplementation at the concentration of 100 (XOS100), 500 (XOS500), and 1,000 (XOS1000) mg/kg. There were four replicates per treatment with 15 pigs per pen. From day 1 to 14, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during the different treatments. The different doses of XOSs showed a quadratic effect on BW on day 28, ADG, and G:F on day 1 to 28 of piglets (P < 0.05). From day 15 to 28, ADG of pigs fed the XOS500 diet was higher (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the CON diet. During the overall period (day 1 to 28), pigs fed the XOS500 diet had a higher BW, ADG, and G:F than pigs fed the CON diet (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the CON group, the XOS500 group had significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase and catalase levels, and lower malondialdehyde levels on days 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in the XOS500 group was also significantly higher compared with the CON group on days 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). However, serum immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M were not affected by the dietary treatments. Supplementation of XOS500 to the feed significantly increased the villus height (VH) and VH to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum in comparison with the CON and XOS1000 groups. Moreover, the XOS500 group significantly elevated the expression levels of occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 in the ileum compared with the CON group. The ileal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression levels in the XOS100 and XOS500 groups were markedly lower than in the CON group. In contrast, the ileal IL-10 mRNA expression levels were remarkably higher in the XOS500 than in the CON group. In conclusion, XOSs have a beneficial effect on growth performance by improving serum antioxidant defense system, serum IgG, small intestinal structure, and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets.     

氧化应激对断奶仔猪生产性能和养分利用率的影响

试验选用24头断奶仔猪随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,将过氧化物值(POV)为11.78meqO2/kg的新鲜鱼油(FFO)和POV分别为399.81、701.62、1065.74meqO2/kg的氧化鱼油(OFO)以3%的比例加入到断奶仔猪日粮中,饲喂4周,旨在建立以氧化油脂为氧化应激源的氧化应激动物模型,初探氧化应激对断奶仔猪生产性能和养分利用率的影响。结果表明,氧化应激降低试验猪只生产性能和养分利用率。与FFO组相比,以POV为1065.74meqO2/kg的氧化鱼油作用效果最明显。该过氧化程度的氧化鱼油可使平均日增重降低8.16%,饲料增重比提高9.22%(P<0.05);氮表观消化率和表观利用率分别下降21.91%(P<0.001)和30.55%(P<0.001);干物质和粗脂肪表观消化率分别降低13.05%(P<0.05)和35.18%(P<0.05)。结论:在断奶仔猪日粮中添加3%的POV为1065.74meqO2/kg的氧化鱼油可诱导氧化应激,引起生产性能和养分利用率的下降。     

早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜的营养调控

肠黏膜的发育与成熟状况是制约幼畜快速生长的关键因素。早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫力较低,容易遭受饲粮抗原的刺激而引起肠黏膜过敏性损伤,诱发仔猪断奶后腹泻。通过肠黏膜营养调控技术,补充肠黏膜能量营养, 促进肠黏膜的发育与成熟,修补断奶引起的肠黏膜损伤,可以从根本上减轻仔猪断奶后腹泻的发生。本文对早期断奶引起的肠黏膜形态变化以及有利于修复受损伤肠黏膜的营养物和调控因子进行了综述。     

Effect of fermented blood cells on growth performance and intestinal characteristics of weaned piglets

The increase in feed costs has led feeder to replace protein source. Blood meal can be used in piglet diets instead of fish meal (FM). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of fermented blood cells (FBCs) on the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets. One hundred eighty 28‐day‐old piglets were assigned and were divided into 4 groups (9 L per groups and 5 pigs per litters) randomly. The piglets were fed one of four experimental diets, fish meal, blood cells (BCs), liquid‐state fermented blood cells (LFBCs) or solid‐state fermented blood cells (SFBCs) respectively. The dietary with LFBCs and SFBCs increased the average daily gain and feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) (p < .05). In duodenum, LFBC group increased the villous height (p < .05). The SFBC and LFBC group significantly increased the villous height (p < .05) in the jejunum. Fermented blood cells exhibit a positive regulatory function on the intestinal tract and modulate intestinal microflora. Compared with the fish meal group, the CAT, GSH‐PX and SOD activity, and MDA level was no significant differences in jejunum and plasma of weaned piglets (p > .05). LFBCs and SFBCs significantly increased the bifidobacteria and lactobacillus number in the caecum (p < .05). Dietary LFBCs increased the expression of ZO‐1 mRNA in the jejunal of weaned piglets (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary with fermented blood cells in weaned piglets had improved growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets.     

血红素铁对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液指标的影响

选取120头28日龄断奶仔猪,随机分成4个处理组,即1个对照组和3个试验组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别饲喂基础日粮中血红素铁净添加量为27.5、55.0、85.0 mg/kg的3种试验日粮,研究日粮中添加血红素铁对断奶仔猪的生长性能、血液指标(血红蛋白浓度、免疫球蛋白浓度)的影响。试验正试期13 d。结果表明,血红素铁各添加量组均能够提高仔猪的生长性能,日粮中血红素铁添加量为55 mg/kg时,仔猪平均日增重、饲料转化率较对照组分别提高12.02%和10.27%(P<0.05)。血红素铁对断奶仔猪有良好的促生长作用,也在一定程度上提高了仔猪血液中血红蛋白和IgG浓度。