Adenovirus hepatitis in a boa constrictor (Boa constrictor).

A boa constrictor was submitted for postmortem evaluation. At necropsy, there were no substantial lesions except in the liver. Light microscopy revealed severe multifocal to coalescing coagulative necrotic hepatitis, with basophilic and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in hepatocytes within the necrotic foci. The histopathological findings suggested a viral hepatitis. An adenoviral infection was diagnosed by means of transmission electronic microscopy and in situ hybridization techniques.     

Use of an osteoconductive compound as an aid in the management of a maxillary fracture in a boa constrictor

A boa constrictor was presented with a short oblique compound fracture of the rostral third of the right maxilla. The fracture was reduced and biomaterial was placed around the fracture. A computed tomography scan at 1.5 mo post-surgery showed that the fracture had healed with slight displacement of the bone fragments.     

鹅圆环病毒抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立鹅圆环病毒(GoCV)抗体的检测方法,本研究通过原核表达重组核衣壳(Cap)蛋白,将纯化的该重组蛋白作为ELISA检测的包被抗原,利用交叉反应性,以羊抗鸡IgG(HRP-IgG)作为二抗,经反应条件的优化,建立了检测鹅血清GoCV抗体的间接ELISA方法。确立的ELISA反应最适条件为:抗原包被浓度为2.05μg/mL,待检血清稀释度为1∶50,HRP-IgG稀释度为1∶2000,待测血清和二抗均于37℃反应1.5h,底物于室温显色10 min。经38份阴性血清检测确定阴阳性临界值为0.25。特异性试验结果显示,该方法与大肠杆菌、新城疫、禽流感H5和H9、小鹅瘟、鹅副粘病毒抗原阳性血清均无交叉反应;重复性试验结果显示,其批内和批间变异系数均小于10%。应用该方法检测了从4群GoCV PCR检测阳性种鹅群采集的血清,结果显示其血清阳性率在60.0%～90.9%。本实验建立的间接ELISA方法具有较好的特异性和重复性,为进一步开展GoCV流行病学调查提供了一种便捷可靠的手段。     

猪伪狂犬病毒间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

为了满足我国现阶段猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)高频突变引发新疫情诊断的需求,本实验通过生物信息学分析比较,设计合成了针对PRV g B糖蛋白高度保守的抗原优势表位区肽段,命名为g B872。以此肽段为包被抗原,经条件优化建立了新型的PRV-g B间接ELISA抗体检测方法。该ELISA方法检测结果显示,其仅对PRV血清检测为阳性,而与猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、口蹄疫病毒(O型)、猪细小病毒、猪圆环病毒2型等主要猪源病毒阳性血清均无交叉反应,表明该方法具有较强的特异性;最低检测下限血清稀释度为1∶128,高于IDEXX PRV/ADV g B抗体检测试剂盒检测下限稀释度(1∶4),表明该方法敏感性高;批内、批间重复性试验结果显示,变异系数均低于10%,重复性良好。利用该方法与Bio Chek PRV-g B抗体检测试剂盒检测90份临床血清样品,对比结果分析显示,两者阳性符合率为100%,阴性符合率为97.67%,总体符合率为97.78%;同时,采用该方法与IDEXX-g I(gE)和IDEXX-g B试剂盒分别对野毒感染血清和疫苗免疫血清同时检测,该方法可以准确识别野毒阳性血清和疫苗免疫阳性血清,与IDEXX两种试剂盒的结果一致。本研究建立的间接ELISA检测方法对PRV疫苗免疫效果评价、流行病学调查及防控提供了可靠的方法。     

鸭坦布苏病毒抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立快速检测鸭坦布苏病毒(DTV)的血清学方法,本研究利用纯化的DTV奉贤株(FX2010)作为包被抗原,建立了检测DTV血清抗体的间接ELISA方法,并且对各种检测条件进行了优化。优化后确定的抗原最适包被浓度为1.675μg/孔,抗原最佳包被条件为37℃放置2 h后,4℃下过夜,血清的最佳稀释度为1∶200,酶标抗体最适稀释度为1∶2 000。在优化条件下,阴阳性临界值判定标准为0.432。用建立的间接ELISA方法对禽流感病毒、新城疫病毒、网状内皮增生病病毒、I型鸭肝炎病毒、呼肠孤病毒、禽白血病病毒阳性血清进行了检测,均无交叉反应,表明该方法具有良好的特异性。批内和批间重复试验的最大变异系数分别为2.9%和3.9%,显示该方法具有很好的稳定性。用间接ELISA方法对140份疑似鸭坦布苏病血清样品进行检测,有108份样品呈现阳性,而琼扩试验只有32份呈阳性结果,而且用该方法检测的阳性样品包括了琼扩试验的阳性样品,证明该方法具有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究快速检测DTV抗体间接ELISA的建立为该病的诊断和流行病学调查提供了新的方法。     

牛肠道病毒抗体检测方法及病毒试验感染小鼠抗体消长规律

应用表达纯化的E种肠道病毒HY12VP2重组蛋白作为包被抗原,建立了检测E种肠道病毒抗体的间接ELISA方法,并对实验感染小鼠抗体消长规律进行了研究。结果表明,VP2抗原最适包被浓度为300ng/孔,抗原包被最佳条件为37℃60min;封闭条件为5%脱脂奶粉37℃封闭60min;HRP酶标二抗最适稀释度为3 000×,最佳感作条件37℃90min。通过测定阴性小鼠血清样品,确定阴性和阳性血清临界值判定标准为0.091 2。与病毒中和试验相比,间接ELISA方法敏感性高,特异性强。统计学分析显示,阳性血清和阴性血清样品板内变异系数分别为3.8%和5.2%;板间阳性和阴性样品检测百分率变异系数分别为4%和4.3%,具有良好的重复性。小鼠感染病毒1周后开始产生抗体,随后抗体滴度逐渐增加,至感染6周时,抗体滴度达到峰值,之后逐渐下降。小鼠实验感染病毒抗体消长规律为本病的免疫机理和疫苗研制打下基础。     

Development of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of bovine serum antibody to bovine viral diarrhoea virus

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect antibody to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in bovine serum. The ELISA results were compared with those of the serum neutralisation test (SNT) using serums from 6 experimentally infected calves bled at intervals from 0 to 154 days postinfection and 886 field samples. The optical density (OD) produced by a single dilution of test serum was compared with a standard curve and the result expressed in ELISA units. Despite wide variation between absolute ELISA and SNT results, an agreement of 97% was obtained when reciprocal SNT titres greater than or equal to 8 and ELISA units greater than or equal to 10 were taken as indicative of a specific reaction. The ELISA was shown to be an efficient method of measuring antibody in bovine serum samples and would assist in any large scale screening of cattle herds for BVDV antibody.     

Isolation and characterization of an antigenically distinct 68-kd protein from nonviral intracytoplasmic inclusions in Boa constrictors chronically infected with the inclusion body disease virus (IBDV: Retroviridae)

The relationship between a retroviral infection and the development of nonviral intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies was studied in a Boa constrictor model. Twelve juvenile age- and size-matched inclusion body disease (IBD)-negative boas were randomly divided into three groups. Each group was inoculated intraperitoneally with 1 ml of an IBD virus (IBDV)-infected liver homogenate or 1 ml of normal boa liver homogenate (sham-inoculated control) or was left untreated. All boas were monitored for development of IBD by daily examination and serial liver biopsy over 1 year. The 4 IBDV-inoculated boas became IBDV and inclusion positive by 10 weeks postinoculation. The average size and density of inclusion bodies increased with the duration of infection. Ultrastructurally, inclusion bodies <2 microm in diameter consisted of intracytoplasmic aggregates of granular electron-dense material that were not membrane limited. Larger inclusions (3-6 microm in diameter) were characterized as membrane-bound aggregates of amorphous to granular electron-dense material admixed with membranelike fragments. The sham-inoculated and untreated control snakes did not become inclusion or IBDV positive. Direct comparison of the protein electrophoretograms of IBDV-infected and normal boa tissues demonstrated a prominent 68-kd protein band unique to infected inclusion-positive tissues. Monoclonal antibodies directed against the 68-kd protein band specifically labeled inclusion bodies. The results of this study demonstrate that IBD inclusions represent an intracytoplasmic accumulation of an antigenically distinct IBDV-associated protein.     

间接ELISA检测羊伪狂犬病抗体的研究

利用差速离心纯化MDBK细胞增殖伪狂犬病毒 (PRV)为抗原 ,建立间接ELISA检测伪狂犬病抗体方法。选用抗原最佳包被浓度为 1∶80 0(4μg/mL) ,酶标兔抗山羊IgG最佳稀释浓度为 1∶80 0 ,作用时间为 60min,封闭物采用 4 %明胶 ,抗原抗体最佳作用时间为 60min。根据建立的最佳反应条件检测伪狂犬病毒油乳剂灭活苗、氢氧化铝凝胶灭活苗、基因缺失油乳剂灭活苗接种山羊后的抗体消长规律。试验表明间接ELISA检测PRV抗体具有快速、敏感、特异等特点 ,适合于大量样品的检测 ,也便于畜群免疫效果的检测和免疫程序的制定     

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibody to the parasitic dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum in Oreochromis aureus.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibody to affinity-purified Oreochromis aureus immunoglobulin and antigens from the parasitic dinoflagellate amyloodinium ocellatum was developed. The ELISA was then used to evaluate the immune response of the tilapine fish to immunization with the parasite. Fish immunized with antigens of the dinospore stage, either live or sonicated, produced a specific immune response that was detectable by this ELISA. Combinations of serial dilutions of A. ocellatum antigen and fish anti-A. ocellatum serum were examined to determine which dilutions provided optimal differentiation of seropositive from seronegative fish. Fresh and heat-inactivated serum from both seropositive and seronegative fish produced similar results.     

Development and evaluation of an ELISA for the detection of antibody to infectious laryngotracheitis virus in chickens

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibody to infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus in chickens was developed and compared with the serum-neutralization assay. The ELISA routinely yielded 16-to-32-fold higher titers than the serum-neutralization test. To overcome the requirement for large amounts of purified viral antigen, the microtiter trays were initially coated with an antibody prepared against purified ILT virus. A relatively crude viral preparation could then be used to coat the trays. Sera from specific-pathogen-free chickens less than 12 weeks of age did not show nonspecific binding, although 2.7% of all sera from chickens between 13 and 64 weeks of age had nonspecific activity. The majority of nonspecific reactors came from one highly inbred flock of specific-pathogen-free chickens. A number of modifications of ELISA procedures reported to reduce the nonspecific binding of chicken sera were investigated. Treatment of the serum or the plate and changes in the composition of the diluent did not increase the relative sensitivity of the anti-ILT assay.     

猪流行性腹泻IgA抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

将猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)pET-32a-S1D重组表达质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL-2l(DE3)感受态细胞,并成功表达目的蛋白S1D。以纯化后蛋白作为抗原,建立了针对乳汁中PEDV的IgA抗体间接ELISA检测方法。确定最佳抗原包被浓度为1μg/mL;乳汁最佳稀释度为1∶10。该检测方法敏感性高,可重复性好。该研究建立的间接ELISA方法为母猪乳汁中猪流行性腹泻病毒IgA抗体的检测提供了一种快速简便的诊断方法。     

3种ELISA试剂盒检测抗牛支原体抗体的比较

为比较3种抗牛支原体(M.bovis)血清抗体的ELISA试剂盒检测效果,本实验应用3种检测M.bovis血清抗体ELISA诊断试剂盒对38份阳性样品(自然感染19份,人工感染18份)和37份阴性样品进行检测.结果表明:本实验室制备的HVRI试剂盒与商品化试剂盒Kit 1的检测结果和综合检测结果符合率分别达到92%和96%;而商品化试剂盒Kit 2的检测结果与综合检测结果符合率仅为74.67%.一致性检验结果显示:HVRI试剂盒与Kit 1的一致性较高;Kit 2与HVRI试剂盒、Kit 2与Kit 1有中度的一致性.此外,3种试剂盒对牛传染性胸膜肺炎国际标准血清(PS2)的检测结果显示HVRI试剂盒和Kit 1均为为阴性,Kit 2为阳性.因此,HVRI试剂盒与Kit 1更适于M.bovis检测和开展流行病学调查.     

Development and application of an ELISA technique for the detection of antibody to avian encephalomyelitis viruses

A rapid sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibody to avian encephalomyelitis viruses (AEVs) in chickens using purified antigen is described. The procedure differed from others which have been described for AEV, in that it involved a negative antigen subtraction step which accounted for the variable adhesiveness of chicken sera to plastic surfaces. The procedure was reproducible (between-assay coefficient of variation 8.95 per cent) and a good correlation was observed with results obtained by neutralisation index tests (r = 0.91, P less than 0.1). The assay detects only AEV-specific antibody and allows monitoring of the spread of AEV in flocks.     

猪源粪肠球菌Ace蛋白间接ELISA方法的建立与应用

根据GenBank已发表粪肠球菌Ace基因(AF260879)的核苷酸序列设计1对引物,通过PCR扩增Ace基因保守序列A片段部分序列,将其克隆到pET-32a(+)裁体中,构建了原核表达载体pET-32a(+)-Ace,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后,成功表达并纯化了重组蛋白;以此重组蛋白作为抗原建立了检测粪肠球菌Ace抗体的间接ELISA方法。经反复试验,确定该间接ELISA的最佳反应条件为:抗原包被浓度为1mg/L,被检血清稀释度为1∶800,1%BSA为封闭液,血清和二抗的作用时间均为60min,底物TMB反应时间为15min,反应的阳性判定值为0.126。交叉试验、批内重复和批间重复试验证明,所建立的间接ELISA方法具有特异性高、重复性好的特点,可用于粪肠球菌Ace蛋白血清抗体的检测。     

Development of solid phase antigen for indirect ELISA for the detection of specific antibody responses to infection with Newcastle disease virus

A simple and inexpensive method of antigen preparation by ultrafiltration was investigated using the V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus. The antigen designated XM300 was used in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus in chicken serum. The assay was evaluated using both experimental and field sera, as well as reference control reactor and non-reactor sera. Antigen prepared by the ultrafiltration method was compared with antigen prepared by ultracentrifugation and the ultrafiltration antigen was found to react specifically with Newcastle disease virus antiserum in this ELISA system. This antigen preparation technique is also suitable for use in developing countries. The ELISA provides an excellent method for measuring antibodies in the early stages of infection in serum samples from experimentally infected chickens. More than 14.58 % of the total serum samples which failed to be recognized as reactors by the conventional haemagglutination inhibition test were detected in the ELISA.