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1.
Muma JB Pandey GS Munyeme M Mumba C Mkandawire E Chimana HM 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):915-920
A cross-sectional study was performed in Southern and Lusaka provinces of Zambia between March and September 2008 to estimate
Brucella seroprevalence in cattle kept by smallholder dairy farmers (n = 185). Rose Bengal test (RBT) was used as a screening test followed by confirmation with competitive ELISA (c-ELISA). We investigated 1,323 cattle, of which 383 had a history of receiving vaccination against brucellosis and 36 had a history
of abortion. Overall seroprevalence was 6.0% with areas where vaccination was practiced having low seroprevalence. Age was
associated with Brucella seropositivity (P = 0.03) unlike cattle breed (P = 0.21) and sex (P = 0.32). At area level, there was a negative correlation (Corr. coeff = −0.74) between percentage of animals with brucellosis
vaccination history (vaccination coverage) and level of brucellosis; percentage of animals with history of abortion (Corr.
coeff. = −0.82) and brucellosis vaccination coverage. However, a positive correlation existed between brucellosis infection
levels with percentage of animals having a history of abortion (Corr. coeff. = 0.72). History of vaccination against brucellosis
was positively associated with a positive Brucella result on RBT (P = 0.004) whereby animals with history of vaccination against brucellosis were more likely to give a positive RBT test results
(OR = 1.52). However, the results of c-ELISA were independent of history of Brucella vaccination (P = 0.149) but was positively associated with history of abortion (OR = 4.12). Our results indicate a relatively low Brucella seroprevalence in cattle from smallholder dairy farmers and that vaccination was effective in reducing cases of Brucella infections and Brucella-related abortions. Human exposure to Brucella through milk from smallholder farmers could result through milk traded on the informal market since that milk is not processed
and there no quality and safety controls. 相似文献
2.
Gomo C de Garine-Wichatitsky M Caron A Pfukenyi DM 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):77-85
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in communal cattle and wildlife
at a wildlife–livestock interface in the southeast lowveld of Zimbabwe, part of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation
Area. RBT and c-Elisa were used in serial for detection of antibodies against Brucella spp. Between July 2007 and October 2009, a total of 1,158 cattle were tested and the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis
was 9.9%. A total of 97 wild animals (African buffaloes (n = 47), impala (n = 33), kudu (n = 16), and giraffe (n = 1)) were tested and only one animal (giraffe) was seropositive for brucellosis (1.03%). Brucella seroprevalence showed an increasing trend with age, with adult cattle (>6 years) recording the highest seroprevalence (11.1%),
but the differences were not statistically significant. Similarly, female cattle recorded a relatively higher seroprevalence
(10.8%) compared to males (7.9%), but the difference was not significant. However, a significant (P < 0.001) association between Brucella seropositivity and abortion history was recorded in female cattle. Similarly, Brucella seropositivity was significantly (P < 0.01) associated with a history of grazing in the park for female cattle. Overall, from the interface area, cattle with
a history of grazing in the park recorded a significantly (P < 0.01) higher Brucella seroprevalence (13.5%) compared to those with no history of grazing in the park (4.9%). The significant association between
abortion history and seropositivity observed in this study illustrates the potential economic significance of Brucella in cattle in this area. Hence, public awareness and further epidemiological studies of the disease in wildlife, livestock,
and humans in the study area are of great importance. 相似文献
3.
Chimana Henry M. Muma John Bwalya Samui Kenny L. Hangombe Benard M. Munyeme Musso Matope Gift Phiri Andrew M. Godfroid Jacques Skjerve Eystein Tryland Morten 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1541-1545
A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2007 and February 2008 to estimate seroprevalence of brucellosis and
identify risk factors associated with Brucella infections in commercial cattle in three districts of Lusaka province (Chongwe, Luangwa, and Kafue; n = 849) and in one rural district from the Central province (n = 48). A total of 897 serum samples were randomly collected from 55 farms along with animal-level data such as sex, age,
and parity. Sera were screened for presence of anti-Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal test, and positive samples were confirmed using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay. At the animal level, seroprevalence was estimated at 7.9% (95% CI = 4.4–11.4%) in the Lusaka province and 18.7% (95%
CI = 7.5–29.9%) for Chibombo district. Brucellosis seroprevalence varied according to district, with Chongwe district recording
the highest compared to other districts. Seroprevalence also varied according to sex with bulls (n = 96) having higher seroprevalence (12.5%; 95% CI = 3.8–21.1%) compared to females (8.1%; 95% CI = 4.6–11.6). Similarly,
seroprevalence varied according to age groups, with the age category 1–4 years recording the highest (10.7%). The study recorded
relatively low Brucella seroprevalence in commercial farms in Lusaka, compared to the traditional small-scale farms. We suggest that testing and
stamping out of infected animals is likely to improve the situation and significantly reduce the public health risk associated
with Brucella infections in animals. 相似文献
4.
Bitew M Andargie A Bekele M Jenberie S Ayelet G Gelaye E 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(8):1543-1547
A cross-sectional serological survey was undertaken in selected districts of different agro-ecology of Jimma zone (Dedo, Yebu,
Seka, Serbo, and Jimma town) from November 2009 to February 2010 to determine the seroprevalence of African horse sickness
virus and associated risk factors of the disease. Two hundred seventy-four equids (189 horses, 43 mules, and 47 donkeys) with
a history of non-vaccination for at least 2 years were selected randomly from the above areas. Sera samples were collected
and assayed for the presence of specific antibody against African horse sickness virus using blocking ELISA. An overall seroprevalence
of 89 (32.5%) was found and it was 24 (51.1%) for donkeys, 13 (30.2%) for mules, and 52(28.3%) for horses. Seroprevalence
was significantly (X
2 = 11.05, P < 0.05) different among the different species of equids. Seroprevalence was also significantly (X
2 = 11.43, P < 0.05) different among the different agro-ecological areas being higher in highlands 47 (40.5%) followed by midland 30 (34.5%)
and lowland 12 (16.9%). Age and sex were not significantly (X
2 = 3.15, P > 0.05 and X
2 = 3.38, P > 0.05, respectively) associated with seroprevalence of AHSV. The present study showed that African horse sickness (AHS)
is highly prevalent disease for the horses followed by mules and then donkeys in Jimma zone explained by lower seroconversion
rate. Therefore, control strategy against AHS should target at high risk species of all age and sex in their locality in the
initial stage for better containment of the disease. 相似文献
5.
J. H. Urdaz-Rodríguez G. T. Fosgate S. D. Waghela A. R. Alleman D. O. Rae G. A. Donovan P. Melendez 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1465-1473
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine individual cow seroprevalence of Babesia bovis in adult lactating dairy cattle of Puerto Rico (PR), to assess the associations of farm management factors on herd seroprevalence,
and to document the species of ticks infesting cattle within these farms. Antibody activity against B. bovis was determined using an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Serum samples were obtained from 2,414 adult lactating
dairy cattle from 76 randomly selected commercial dairy farms. Herd seroprevalence ranged from 0 to 51% with an overall individual
cow seroprevalence for B. bovis of 26%. Ticks were collected from animals on 7 (9%) of the 76 participating commercial dairy farms. All collected ticks (n = 87)
were Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Factors associated with high herd seropositivity were dairy farms with calf but not heifer raising facilities (OR = 16, 95%
CI = 3.0-86), having more than 4 neighbors with cattle (OR = 17, 95% CI = 1.6-178), same producer owning more than one farm
(OR = 7.2, 95% CI = 1.6-32), and use of government services to apply amitraz on cattle (OR = 5.5, 95% CI = 1.5-20). 相似文献
6.
J. W. Magona J. Walubengo T. Galiwango A. Etoori 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(8):1765-1771
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Uganda between November 2006 and February 2007 to assess the seroprevalence and risk
of brucellosis in zerograzing and pastoral dairy systems; two major sources of milk in Uganda, 80% of which is sold unpasteurized
to consumers through informal channels. A total of 723 cattle comprised of 497 animals from the pastoral system and 226 animals
from the zerograzing system were tested for antibodies against natural B. abortus infection using the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA). Herd-level seroprevalence was 100% in the pastoral
system and 5.5% (95% CI: 1.8, 9.2) in the zerograzing system. The animal-level seroprevalence and within-herd range of brucellosis
in cattle in the pastoral system were 34.0% (95% CI: 29.9, 38.1) and 8.1–75.9%, while for those in the zerograzing system
were 3.3% (95% CI: 0.9, 5.7) and 0–9.0%. Abortion rates of 23% and 0% among seropositive cows vis-à-vis 5.4% and 1.9% among
seronegative cows were recorded in the pastoral and zerograzing systems, respectively. The risk of natural B. abortus infection was higher among older cattle (>24 m) (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.25–2.67) and dry cows (OR = 2.01, 95%
CI: 1.23–3.31) in the pastoral system, and in calves aged 0–6 m (OR = 5.72, 95% CI: 1.04–31.41) in the zerograzing system.
Implementing a culling program in the zerograzing system to eliminate the existing low risk of brucellosis and targeting calves
in the pastoral systems for vaccination could avert the cost-related limitation of brucellosis control in Uganda. 相似文献
7.
Seroprevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors in cattle from smallholder dairy farms in Zimbabwe 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Matope G Bhebhe E Muma JB Oloya J Madekurozwa RL Lund A Skjerve E 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(5):975-982
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate seroprevalence of brucellosis and the associated risk factors in cattle
from smallholder dairy farms in Gokwe, Marirangwe, Mushagashe, Nharira, Rusitu and Wedza areas of Zimbabwe. A total of 1,440
cattle from 203 herds were tested serially for Brucella antibodies using Rose Bengal test and the competitive ELISA. Weighted seroprevalence estimates were calculated and risk factors
in individual cattle investigated using logistic regression analysis. The overall individual animal brucellosis seroprevalence
was low, with mean of 5.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.4%, 6.8%). Gokwe had the highest individual (12.6%; 95% CI, 3.9%,
21.4%) and herd-level (40.0%; 95% CI, 22.1%, 58.0%), while Wedza had the lowest individual (2.3%; 95% CI, 0%, 5.3%) and herd-level
(8.0%; 95% CI, 0.0%, 18.9%) brucellosis seroprevalence, respectively. In individual cattle, the area of origin, age and history
of abortion were independently associated with brucellosis seroprevalence. While the seroprevalence was independent of sex,
it decreased with increasing age. Cattle 2–4 years old had higher odds (odds ratio (OR) = 3.2; 95% CI, 1.1%, 9.1%) of being
seropositive compared to those >7 years. Cows with a history of abortion were more likely to be seropositive (OR = 7.9; 95%
CI, 3.1, 20.1) than controls. In conclusion, the area-to-area variation of brucellosis may be linked to ecological factors
and differences in management practices. The implementation of stamping out policy, bleeding and testing animals before movement
and promoting the use self-contained units are likely to significantly reduce the public health risks associated with Brucella infections in cattle. 相似文献
8.
J. H. Urdaz-Rodríguez G. T. Fosgate A. R. Alleman D. O. Rae G. A. Donovan P. Melendez 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1439-1448
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine individual cow seroprevalence of Anaplasma marginale in adult lactating dairy cattle of Puerto Rico (PR) and to assess the associations of farm management factors on herd seroprevalence.
Antibody activity against A. marginale was determined using the MSP-5 competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum samples were obtained from 2,414 adult
lactating dairy cattle from 76 randomly selected commercial dairy farms. Herd seroprevalence ranged from 3 to 100% with an
overall individual cow seroprevalence for A. marginale of 27.4%. Factors associated with high herd seropositivity were pasture grazing as the main feed source (OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 1.2–34),
observed monkeys on the premises (OR = 13, 95% CI = 1.2–138), use of 11% permethrin (OR = 17, 95% CI = 2.2–129), farmers who
attended an acaricide certification program (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.04–0.74), and lack of a fly control program (OR = 5.6,
95% CI = 1.3–24). 相似文献
9.
Herd- and animal-level risk factors for bovine leptospirosis in Tanga region of Tanzania 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Leptospirosis is the zoonosis of worldwide distribution and common cause of economic loss and ill health among animals and
human populations. A cross-sectional seroprevalence study, using a microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with a threshold titre
of ≥1:160, to elucidate disease magnitude, distribution and associated risk factors in cattle in Tanga, Tanzania was conducted
from May 2003 to January 2004. Serum (n = 655) samples collected from randomly selected herds (n = 130) were tested for antibodies against four different Leptospira interrogans serovars (Bataviae, Tarassovi, Hardjo and Pomona) used in the agglutination test. Positive titres were detected in 30.3%
[95% confidence intervals (CI) = 26.7–33.9] of cattle and 58.5% (95% CI = 49.5–67.1) of herds, respectively. Of the 198 MAT
positive serum samples, 98 (49.5%) were positive against serovar Hardjo, 80 (40.4%) were positive against serovar Tarassovi,
12 (6.1%) was positive against serovar Bataviae and eight (4%) were positive against serovar Pomona. Associations found to
be statistically significant in univariate analyses (at P < 0.1) were assessed by multivariable logistic regression to control for confounding factors. The results showed that risk
factors for cattle were pasture grazing [odd ratio (OR) = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.57–5.12, P = 0.001], presence of goats/sheep on the farm (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.17–2.56, P = 0.001) and age of the animal (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.42–2.96, P = 0.001), while concrete floor housing was protective (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.30–0.74, P = 0.001). Herds managed under pasture grazing system were more likely to be sero-positive than those managed under zero grazed
practices (OR = 9.31; 95% CI = 3.67–23.64 for grazing herd). We concluded that bovine leptospirosis is an endemic and locally
widespread disease in Tanga and suggest that it may play a role in zoonotic transmission to humans. 相似文献
10.
Ratanapob N Arunvipas P Kasemsuwan S Phimpraphai W Panneum S 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):741-745
The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and risk factors for intestinal parasite infection in goats
raised in Nakhon Pathom Province. Fecal samples from 190 goats in 12 herds were collected per rectum. Questionnaires focusing
on the general information about the farm and farmers, and management practices on farms were completed. Modified McMaster
counting technique was performed to detect eggs of intestinal parasites. Each egg found was classified into three groups of
parasites based on its characteristics. Individual and herd prevalence were calculated. Multiple logistic regressions were
performed to analyze risk factors of infection. Herd prevalence of intestinal parasite infection was 100%, while individual
prevalence was 79.47%. Strongyle group was the most common intestinal parasite found in this study. Moniezia spp. (8/190) and Trichuris spp. (1/190) were also found. The average number of eggs found was 1,176 eggs per gram of feces. Risk factors for intestinal
parasite infection were housing system, deworming interval, and type of goat in herd. Goats housed in groups had higher infection
rates compared with goats housed individually (odds ratio (OR) = 6.34; P value = 0.009). Goats in herds in which anthelmintic drugs were administered in intervals of greater than 3 months were more
likely to become infected with intestinal parasites (OR = 33.07; P value <0.001). Goats in herds that kept only dairy goats were less likely to become infected than herd that kept only meat
goats or kept both dairy and meat goats (OR = 46.20 and 8.75; P value <0.001 and 0.011, respectively). 相似文献
11.
M. Ramzan M. Akhtar F. Muhammad I. Hussain E. Hiszczyńska-Sawicka A. U. Haq M. S. Mahmood M. A. Hafeez 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1225-1229
Toxoplasmosis, an infection caused by Toxoplasma (T.) gondii Apicomplexa protozoan, is widespread in humans and other animal species, having already been reported in many countries and
different climates. In Pakistan, no data is available on this aspect among food animals. This study was undertaken to determine
the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in sheep and goats. A total of 200 serum samples from sheep and goats, were collected from urban area of Rahim
Yar Khan (Punjab), Pakistan and tested for Toxoplasmosis with a commercial latex agglutination kit (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd.
Japan). The overall seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis was 19%. Goats had a significantly higher (p < 0.01) prevalence (25.4%)
as compared to the sheep (11.2%); and higher (p < 0.01) in the female (24%) than in the males (19%) for both species. In the
present study the male (both in sheep and goat) are found less seropositive T. gondii (OR = 0.23; 99% C.I. = 0.01, 1.81) as compared to female sheep and goat. The prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.01)
in adult sheep than younger animals. Among both the sheep and goats the group from 1–1.5 years are highly seropositive (OR = 1.75;
99% C.I. = 0.47, 6.51) as compared to the group less than one year of age followed by the 2–2.5 years age group (OR = 1.63;
99% C.I. = 0.50, 5.74) whereas group with more than 3 years of age least seropositive. 相似文献
12.
Bayissa B Ayelet G Kyule M Jibril Y Gelaye E 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(4):759-766
Cross-sectional serological study and questionnaire survey were conducted in Borana pastoral and agro-pastoral area to determine
seroprevalence and risk factors associated with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) infection and to assess community perceptions
as to importance of the disease. A multistage random sampling was carried out to select cattle for seroprevalence and households
for interviews. Totally, 768 sera were collected from 111 herds. The overall individual level seroprevalence of 23.0% (n = 177) and herd level seroprevalence of 58.6% (n = 65) were recorded using 3ABC ELISA test. The variation of individual level seroprevalence in districts were statistically
significant (P < 0.05) which was 29.9% in Arero, 24.0% in Yabello, and 15.7% in Teltele. From multivariate logistic regression analysis,
herd size and age were seen to be significantly (P < 0.05) associated with FMD seroprevalence. The result of the questionnaire survey based on 120 respondents indicated that,
the daily milk yield of cows infected with FMD during outbreaks is reduced to an average of 0.5 L for 25.5 days while cows
developing heat-intolerance syndrome after acute infection gave an average 0.67 L for 3.8 months and their calving interval
prolonged about 12 months. The questionnaire survey in agro-pastoral area of Borena also indicated that FMD-infected oxen
remained off-plough for one season when outbreaks occur in cropping time, whereas heat-intolerant oxen were no longer used
for traction. These findings of the present study indicated that FMD is a highly prevalent and economically important disease
in the Borana pastoral and agro-pastoral production systems which need effective control strategy for the disease. 相似文献
13.
Luuk B. Schoonman T. Wilsmore Emmanuel S. Swai 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):579-587
In view of the worldwide importance of Toxoplasma gondii and the fragmented information on the seroprevalence of the disease in animals in Tanzania, a study, using the modified Eiken
latex agglutination test (LAT), was conducted from May 2003 to January 2004 to determine the prevalence of antibody to T. gondii in 130 randomly selected farms comprising 655 cattle. The overall seroprevalence of T.gondii antibodies in cattle and farms were 3.6% and 13%, respectively. Risk factors for animal and herd-level toxoplasmosis seropositivity
were tested using multivariable logistic regression to control for confounding factors. Cattle managed under traditional husbandry
practises were more likely to be seropositive than those managed under smallholder practises (48% versus 4.7%; p < 0.01). Herd size of ≥ 9 cattle were at greater risk of acquiring infection than herds holding fewer animals [≤ 9 cattle],
(odd ratio [OR] = 3.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97–16.48; P = 0.001). We concluded that seroprevalence at herd level was high and relatively low at animal level, possibly due to the
reduced susceptibility of cattle to T.gondii infection as compared to goats and sheep. The high seroprevalence in animals managed by traditional husbandry practise suggests
that the parasite is widely distributed in the environment and could pose a public health threat to the people living in those
areas. 相似文献
14.
A cross-sectional study of brucellosis in small ruminants was carried out from October 2008 to March 2009 in Jijiga District,
Somali Regional State of Ethiopia. Seven hundred thirty sera samples (421 of sheep and 309 of goats) were randomly collected
from purposively selected villages of the study area. Structured questionnaire format was developed, pre-tested and administered
to assess the perception of the community pertaining to brucellosis in sheep and goats. Sera samples were screened by Rose
Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), and all samples tested positive by the RBPT were subjected to Complement Fixation Test (CFT) for
confirmation. Of 12 serum samples that were positive by RBPT, 11 were positive by CFT. Statistically significant differences
were not observed between the species as well as the sex groups (P > 0.05); however, the variation between the age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Analysis of the questionnaire survey suggests that improper handling of aborted materials, consumption of raw milk,
and lack of awareness about the disease, among others, might greatly contribute to further spread of brucellosis in their
livestock and exposes the community to a public health hazard. In general, the sero-prevalence in the study area was not so
high; nevertheless, appropriate brucellosis control and prevention methods should be implemented to circumvent future potential
for economic losses and the public health hazard of the disease. 相似文献
15.
Sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis and its risk factors in Jimma zone of Oromia Region,South-western Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Nuraddis Ibrahim Kelay Belihu Fikre Lobago Merga Bekana 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(1):35-40
A cross sectional sero-prevalence study was conducted on 1,595 cattle in Jimma zone, Ethiopia to investigate the status of
bovine brucellosis and identify potential risk factors. Sera samples were analyzed using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and
Complement Fixation Test (CFT). The overall individual and herd level sero-prevalences were 3.1% (n = 1,595) and 15.0% (n = 227), respectively. The sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis at individual animal level was significantly higher in non-pregnant
(11.18%) than pregnant (2.77%) and lactating (22.35%) than non-lactating animals (2.46%). Moreover, significantly higher sero-prevalence
was observed in herds of larger sizes. Individual animal sero-prevalence was also positively associated with the occurrence
of abortion (26.98 and 1.54% in those with and without previous history of abortion, respectively). Generally, the sero-prevalence
of bovine brucellosis found in Jimma area was not high and the sero-prevalence was closely associated with some of the risk
factors considered at individual animal and herd level. 相似文献
16.
Megersa B Biffa D Abunna F Regassa A Godfroid J Skjerve E 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):651-656
The involvement of Brucella infection in causing abortion was investigated in a breeding female subpopulation of 283 cattle, 756 camels, and 757 goats.
Serum samples were serially tested using the Rose Bengal test and complement fixation test. The study showed that anti-Brucella antibodies were prevalent in 10.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 7.4, 14.9), 2.2% (95%CI, 1.4, 3.7), and 1.9% (95%CI, 1.1,
3.2) of cattle, camel, and goats, respectively. Abortion was more commonly reported in camels (23.4%) than cattle (13.8%)
and goats (12.4%). The results of this study suggested that Brucella infections contribute significantly to abortion in cattle (odds ratio (OR), = 4.7; 95%CI, 2.0, 10.8) and goats (OR = 6.9;
95%CI, 2.2, 21.7) but not in camels. The number of young animals produced by breeding females seems to be apparently reduced
in seropositive groups. Keeping more than two animal species at household level was found to be the risk factor for cattle
(OR = 3.1; 95%CI, 1.2, 7.9) and camel (OR = 5.3; 95%CI, 1.2–23.5) seropositivity to Brucella infection when compared to those animals from households that keep only two animal species. This may suggest a possibility
of cross species transmission of Brucella infection under such mixed herding. Wet season (OR = 4.8; 95%CI, 1.3, 18.1) was found to be associated with seropositivity
in goats, linked to a coincidence of increased deliveries in flocks with possible excretion of Brucella organisms. The study results suggest that Brucella infection is the likely cause of abortion in cattle and goats while other causes largely outweigh brucellosis as a cause
of abortion in camels in Borana, hence, contributing to reproductive loss. 相似文献
17.
Kamani Joshua Mani Aliyu U. Egwu Godwin O. 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):793-797
Serum samples were collected from 372 sheep and same number of goats from the three geopolitical zones of Borno state, Nigeria.
The samples were tested for the presences of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of these, 6.7% (25/372) and 4.6% (17/372) of sheep and goats, respectively,
were found to be seropositive to T. gondii antibodies, both far less than the estimated global average of 31%. Results were statistically analyzed by chi-square (χ2) test. The results showed that age, environmental conditions, and farm location are the main determinants of prevalence of
antibodies against T. gondii in the study area. Older animals (>3 years) are significantly more infected than younger animals (between 6 months and 1 year).The
prevalence of anti T. gondii antibodies is significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both sheep and goats sampled from the southern zone than the northern zone. Animals from the southern zones are
about four times more likely to be exposed to T. gondii infection than those in the northern zone, (sheep; odds ratio (OR) = 4.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.177–15.36, P = 0.018), (goats; OR = 4.38, 95% CI = 0.925–20.73, P = 0.04). Farm location in urban area was identified as a risk factor for sheep (OR = 6.06, 95% CI = 2.53–14.54, P = 0.000), and goats (OR = 4.99, 95% CI = 1.59–15.62, P = 0.004). Current data on prevalence of ovine and caprine T. gondii in Borno state are provided by the study as well as identifying the main risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in the area. 相似文献
18.
Hadush B Eshetu L Mengistu W Hailesilassie M 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(5):803-806
A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of contagious caprine pleuroneumonia in three districts
of Tigray and Afar regions of Ethiopia namely; Kefta Humera, Alamata and Aba-‘alla. Proportions and chi-square test statistics
were used to analyze the data. From a total of 863 goats and 137 sheep tested, 282 (32.68%) and 25 (18.25%) were positive
for antibodies of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae respectively using complement fixation test (CFT). The seroprevalence of CCPP in goats among the three districts was statistically
significant (x2 = 76.00, p < 0.001). In this study there was no statistical significant variation in the seroprevalence of CCPP in both sexes
(x2 = 3.619, p = 0.0571) and age (x2 = 0.990, p = 0.095) groups. The finding of high seroprevalence of CCPP in sheep (18.25%) could indicate that sheep are potential
carriers of Mccp. 相似文献
19.
Gachohi John M. Kitala Phillip M. Ngumi Priscilla N. Skilton Rob A. 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):271-277
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between seroprevalence to Theileria parva infection in cattle and potential environmental and farm-level effects in 80 farms under traditional crop–livestock system
in Mbeere District, Kenya. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect the effects characteristics as related to T. parva infection epidemiology. Serum samples were collected from 440 cattle of all ages for detection of T. parva antibodies by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The association between the variables was assessed using a
generalized estimation equation logistic regression model. The overall T. parva seroprevalence, accounting for correlation of responses, was 19.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 14%, 25%). Two variables,
“administrative division” and “presence of the vector tick on the farm”, were significantly associated with the T. parva seroresponse. Respectively, cattle from farms in Gachoka, Evurore, and Mwea divisions were (and their 95% CI) 1.3 (0.36,
4.8), 4.4 (1.2, 15.9), and 15.2 (4.9, 47.1) times more likely to be seropositive relative to those from Siakago Division (P = 0.000). Cattle from farms in which the vector tick was present were 2.9 (1.2, 6.7) times more likely to be seropositive
(P = 0.011). Results of this study suggested that both environmental and farm factors may be associated with T. parva infection epidemiology in Mbeere District. Under such circumstances, characterization of environmental suitability for the
vector tick and corresponding environment-specific farm management practices in the district is required both for improved
understanding of the disease and in planning disease control programs. 相似文献
20.
This study was undertaken to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in unvaccinated sheep from the flocks having previous
abortion cases in Kars and around, Turkey and to compare the efficacy of each serological test used. Four hundred serum samples
collected from 16 different flocks of sheep having a history of abortions in Kars and its surrounding area in Turkey were
examined for the presence of antibodies raised against Brucella using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Serum Agglutination Test (SAT), Rivanol Agglutination Test (RAT) and Complement Fixation
Test (CFT). All animals were unvaccinated against Brucella. Of the serum samples tested, 147 (%36.7), 142 (%35.5), 139 (%34.75) and 135 (%33.75) were found positive by SAT, RAT, RBPT
and CFT, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the serological tests used (p > 0.05). It
is concluded from this study that brucellosis continues to be an important problem for ovine abortions and poses a risk both
for human and other animals in this area. Therefore, adequate intervention measures should be implemented to control and eradicate
brucellosis. In addition, if conventional serological tests are used at least two tests, RPBT for screening and CFT for the
confirmation of the positive samples are preferable, should be used in parallel for detection of brucellosis effectively.
This study was summarized from M.Sc. thesis of Ozgur CELEBI. 相似文献