Phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of the Daniellia oliveri leaves

The n-butanol soluble part and four chromatographic fractions of the aqueous ethanolic extract of the leaves of Daniellia oliveri were investigated for antimicrobial properties. All fractions showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus. A chromatographic fraction showed significant activity against the fungus Tricophyton rubrum.     

接种AM菌对麻楝不同种源苗期的生长效应

研究接种3个AM菌株对5个种源麻楝幼苗生长的影响,结果表明:菌株90068×种源CH01菌根感染率为96.3%,感染率分级为5,菌根依赖性中等;菌株90068×种源CH27在生长生物量方面作用显著;麻楝幼苗接种5至6个月后,菌株90068×种源CH01生长促进作用显著增强;矿质元素吸收方面,菌株90068×种源CH13对磷元素的吸收显著高于其他接种处理.此外,菌株90036与菌株9004在接种后幼苗测定的各项指标中表现各有优劣.其中菌根合成、生物量和苗高增长方面,菌株9004优于菌株90036;而对于矿质元素的吸收,菌株90036要优于菌株9004.综合比较而言,供试菌株90068表现较优,为对5个种源麻楝幼苗生长效应最佳的菌株.     

稀土对低温胁迫麻楝幼苗生理生化特性的影响

以2月龄袋装麻楝实生苗为材料,用0、100、500和1 000 mg.L-1稀土喷液施麻楝幼苗,后置于3℃人工气候箱低温处理1～7 d,考察其膜稳定性、渗透调节物质和叶绿素含量等抗寒性生理生化指标的变化,探讨稀土对麻楝幼苗抗寒性的影响。结果表明:0和100 mg.L-1稀土低温各天数后的相对电导率显著大于0 d,500和1 000 mg.L-1处理的显著小于0 d。各稀土浓度处理的幼苗脯氨酸含量都显著大于0 d,可溶性蛋白质含量多小于0 d,叶绿素含量多大于0 d。0和100 mg.L-1稀土处理的幼苗丙二醛含量大于0 d或与0 d无显著差异。500和1 000 mg.L-1稀土处理的幼苗各低温天数的丙二醛含量与0 d相近或小于0 d。0 mg.L-1稀土处理后,幼苗各天数的SOD活性显著小于0 d,100 mg.L-1处理的波动,500和1 000 mg.L-1处理的各天数的SOD活性与0 d的差异不显著。可见,在低温胁迫下,500和1 000 mg.L-1的稀土处理能通过提高渗透调节物质含量来稳定麻楝幼苗细胞膜稳定性,从而增强麻楝幼苗的抗寒性。     

Phytochemical and termiticidal study of Lantana camara var. aculeata leaves

Extracts of Lantana camara var. aculeata leaves were studied for their phytochemical constituents and termiticidal effects against adult termite workers. The 5% chloroform extract was found to be significantly effective against termite workers.     

Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies on Butyrospermum paradoxum

The methanolic extracts of the leaves, stem bark, root bark, fruits and seeds kernels of Butyrospermum paradoxum have been evaluated for their phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and antifungal properties.     

Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies on Drynaria quercifolia

Friedelin, epifriedelinol, beta-amyrin, beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol 3-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and naringin were isolated from the dried rhizome of Drynaria quercifolia. The methanol extract showed broad and concentration-dependent antibacterial activity.     

Phytochemical and antimicrobial characterization of Macleaya cordata herb

Macleaya cordata (plume poppy) is a source of bioactive compounds, mainly isoquinoline alkaloids which are used in phytopreparations with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. In this study, the alkaloids sanguinarine, chelerythrine, their dihydro derivatives, protopine and allocryptopine and phenolics, gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, m-hydroxybenzoic, gentisic, p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids were determined in extracts prepared from M. cordata aerial part, seeds, and seed capsules using HPLC with UV detection and/or LC/MS with electrospray ionization. The highest content of sanguinarine and chelerythrine was found in capsules. Protopine and allocryptopine were major alkaloids in leaves including footstalks. The seed oil contained dihydrosanguinarine, dihydrochelerythrine and twelve fatty acids of which linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids predominated. In addition, sanguinarine reductase, a key enzyme in sanguinarine/dihydrosanguinarine equilibrium in plants, was found for the first time, in the soluble proteins of leaves. Finally, extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity using the microdilution method on standard reference bacterial strains.     

Phytochemical and antimicrobial investigations of stilbenoids and flavonoids isolated from three species of Combretaceae

The antimicrobial activity and chemistry of the African Combretaceae has been well studied in recent years. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemistry and antimicrobial activity of lesser known members of this family viz. C. hereroense, C. apiculatum and C. collinum. Pulverized leaves of C. collinum and C. apiculatum, and the fruit of C. hereroense were extracted with organic solvents and subjected to preparative chromatography. Seventeen phenolic constituents including four phenanthrenes from the fruit of C. hereroense and two known bibenzyls (including a combretastatin) from the leaves of C. collinum were isolated. The compounds were then subsequently tested for their antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris. Pinocembrin showed excellent activity against C. albicans (MIC - 6.25 μg/ml), superior to that of the positive control, fluconazole and against S. aureus (MIC - 12.5 mg/ml). The phenanthrenes (compounds 1, 2, 3 and 5) showed some activity against M. fortuitum and S. aureus with a uniform MIC of 25 μg/ml. From this study it was evident that most stilbenoids and flavonoids from the selected Combretaceae have little or no antimicrobial activity.     

Phytochemical study of Salvia moorcroftiana.

Four known flavonoids were isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia moorcroftiana.     

Phytochemical study of Mentha longifolia of Morocco.

A phytochemical study of Moroccan Mentha longifolia was carried out. The essential oil showed unusual relevant amounts of piperitenone oxide and piperitone oxide, which constitute a new chemotype. From the non-volatile extract, five flavonoids were isolated, among which 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,2',3'-trimethoxyflavone (1) is reported for the first time.     

Linalool production from the leaves of Bursera aloexylon and its antimicrobial activity

The oil of the leaves of Bursera aloexylon was found to contain a high linalool level (96.7 %). The antimicrobial activity tests indicated that the oil was effective against Rhodococcus equi (0.60 mg/ml) and Staphylococcus epidermides (0.15 mg/ml).     

Phytochemical and therapeutic potential of cucumber

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family like melon, squash and pumpkins. It is a popular vegetable crop used in Indian traditional medicine since ancient times. This vegetable is very high in water content and very low in calories. It has potential antidiabetic, lipid lowering and antioxidant activity. Cucumber has a cleansing action within the body by removing accumulated pockets of old waste materials and chemical toxins. Fresh fruit juice is used for nourishing the skin. It gives a soothing effect against skin irritations and reduces swelling. Cucumber also has the power to relax and alleviate the sunburn's pain. The fruit is refrigerant, haemostatic, tonic and useful in hyperdipsia, thermoplegia etc. The seeds also have a cooling effect on the body and they are used to prevent constipation. Several bioactive compounds have been isolated from cucumber including cucurbitacins, cucumegastigmanes I and II, cucumerin A and B, vitexin, orientin, isoscoparin 2″-O-(6‴-(E)-p-coumaroyl) glucoside, apigenin 7-O-(6″-O-p-coumaroylglucoside) etc. Despite huge exploration of cucumber in agricultural field, comparatively very few studies have been published about its chemical profile and its therapeutic potential. This article reviews the therapeutic application, pharmacological and phytochemical profile of different parts of C. sativus. In this review we have explored the current phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge available with this well known plant and several promising aspects for research on cucumber.     

Phytochemical and antiprotozoal activity of Ocotea lancifolia

Thirteen known isoquinoline alkaloids were isolated from Ocotea lancifolia, popularly known as < canela pilosa > in Brasil and < laurel né > by the Guarani people which means smell laurel. Their activities against the promastigote forms of three Leishmania strains and the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma cruzi were evaluated, as well as their hepatocytotoxicity. Among them, the noraporphine alkaloid (-) caaverine has shown the most interesting antiprotozoal activity against Leishmania and T. cruzi parasites.     

Phytochemical and antiinflammatory studies on Terminalia catappa

The antiinflammatory activity of Terminalia catappa leaves ethanolic extract was studied using 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema in acute and chronic models. A bioassay-oriented fractionation procedure showed that the activity concentrates in the chloroform fraction. Ursolic acid (1) and 2alpha,3beta,23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (2), isolated from the chloroform fraction, exhibited strong antiinflammatory activities. The results suggest that the triterpenic acids 1 and 2 are responsible for the antiinflammatory activity of T. catappa leaves.     

异樟叶精油的抑菌活性及其化学成分

运用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取异樟叶精油,采用平板抑菌法检测精油对真菌的抑菌活性,并利用气-质(GC/MS)联用技术分析精油的化学成分.结果表明:异樟叶精油对尖孢镰刀菌、七叶树壳梭孢和拟茎点霉均具有抑制效果,抑菌率分别达到42.64％,57.50％和64.30％,对拟茎点霉的抑制效果最好;从异樟叶精油中鉴定出41种物质,包括烯烃类物质20种,酮类物质1种,酯类物质3种,醚类物质3种,氧化物类物质1种和醇类物质13种.     

杨树叶片SPAD值与叶绿素含量的相关性研究

采用SPAD-502叶绿素仪与分光光度法分别测定了杨树叶片的SPAD值与叶绿素含量,建立SPAD值与叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素的线性函数、乘幂函数、指数函数及对数函数的拟合方程,并根据决定系数(R2)确定最佳拟合曲线,以探讨SPAD值与叶绿素含量之间的关系。结果表明:杨树叶片SPAD值与叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量间均存在极显著正相关关系。SPAD值与叶绿素a含量的最优函数模型为y=0.004 219SPAD1.630 2(R2=0.918 7);SPAD值与叶绿素b含量最优函数模型为y=0.071 308e0.055 468SPAD(R2=0.927 9);SPAD值与叶绿素总量的最优函数模型为y=0.003 24SPAD1.792 1(R2=0.924 3)。通过对9个不同品种叶片SPAD值与叶绿素含量实测值与预测值的统计检验发现,叶绿素a与总叶绿素含量的实测值与预测值间不存在显著差异,可以通过回归方程来预测杨树叶片叶绿素的绝对含量。     

粉单竹竹叶黄酮提取工艺的初步研究

比较了几种溶剂对粉单竹竹叶黄酮的提取效果,研究了温度、溶剂浓度、提取时间、料液比等因素对黄酮提取的影响。试验表明粉单竹竹叶黄酮的最佳提取工艺为:丙酮浓度40%,时间2 h,料液比1∶20,温度60℃。影响竹叶黄酮提取的各种因素的大小依次为:丙酮浓度时间料液比温度。索氏抽提法得到的黄酮提取率高于浸提法。自然干燥的竹叶的提取率高于冷冻干燥得到的竹叶的提取率。     

对节白蜡树叶乙酸乙酯提取物的GC-MS分析及其结构初探

为了研究对节白蜡的抗病原因,以探寻新的生物农药,在前期有关对节白蜡树叶提取物杀菌活性研究的基础上,对其乙酸乙酯提取物及柱层析分离组分进行了GC-MS分析,初步确认了各组分所含化合物的可能结构。结果表明:乙酸乙酯提取物中面积归一含量超过1%的化合物组分有18个,其中3号化合物的面积归一含量为17.13%,其结构为4-羟苯基乙醇;经过柱层析分离后各组分所含化合物要相对集中和更加纯化些,其中组分A所含物质主要有两个,化合物4-羟苯基乙醇的含量达到了81.3%,这是相对比较纯的物质;作者据其已有的相关研究结果(组分A整体表现出的杀菌活性要优于其他组分)分析认为,4-羟苯基乙醇作为对节白蜡树叶中所含的重要化合物,在对节白蜡的抗病方面起到了重要作用。     

柚木的植物化学与药理学研究进展

柚木Tectona grandis 树干通直,木材纹理优美,是世界著名的速生珍贵用材树种。树体含有 甲基蒽醌、拉帕醌和脱氧拉帕醌等活性成分,可抵抗白蚁和真菌侵害。柚木树皮、叶片、心材等部位富 含萘醌、蒽醌和类异戊二烯醌等次级代谢产物,以及三萜类、类固醇、木酚素、脂肪酯和酚类等植物化 学物质。药理上,柚木被证实具有抗氧化、消炎、解热、细胞毒性、镇痛、降血糖、伤口愈合等多重功 效。文章着重介绍柚木的植物化学和药理研究方面的最新进展,以及其后续开发利用潜力。