Phase-separated composite films for liquid crystal displays

A method of preparing liquid crystal devices by phase separation of liquid crystal from its solution in a prepolymer, which results in adjacent layers of liquid crystal and polymer, is described. Liquid crystals in these phase-separated composite films exhibit electro-optical properties not observed in devices prepared by conventional methods, polymer dispersion, or polymer-stabilization methods. Devices incorporating ferroelectric liquid crystals have gray scale and switch 100 times faster at low fields than conventional surface-stabilized devices. This method makes it possible to prepare devices with liquid crystal film thickness comparable to optical wavelengths.     

The X-ray Surface Forces Apparatus: Structure of a Thin Smectic Liquid Crystal Film Under Confinement

An x-ray surface forces apparatus for simultaneously measuring forces and structures of confined complex fluids under static and flow conditions is described. This apparatus, combined with an intense synchrotron x-ray source, allows investigation of molecular orientations within a thin liquid crystal film confined between two shearing mica surfaces 3900 angstroms apart. The layer-forming smectic liquid crystal 8CB (4-cyano-4'-octylbiphenyl) adopted a series of distinct planar layer orientations, including the bulk flow-forbidden b orientation.     

A dielectric omnidirectional reflector

A design criterion that permits truly omnidirectional reflectivity for all polarizations of incident light over a wide selectable range of frequencies was used in fabricating an all-dielectric omnidirectional reflector consisting of multilayer films. The reflector was simply constructed as a stack of nine alternating micrometer-thick layers of polystyrene and tellurium and demonstrates omnidirectional reflection over the wavelength range from 10 to 15 micrometers. Because the omnidirectionality criterion is general, it can be used to design omnidirectional reflectors in many frequency ranges of interest. Potential uses depend on the geometry of the system. For example, coating of an enclosure will result in an optical cavity. A hollow tube will produce a low-loss, broadband waveguide, whereas a planar film could be used as an efficient radiative heat barrier or collector in thermoelectric devices.     

Near--Atomic Resolution Imaging of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Molecules on Graphite by STM

Near-atomic resolution images of a two-dimensional heteroepitaxial crystal composed of the relatively "functionally rich" chiral liquid crystal mesogen MDW 74 on graphite have been obtained by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). This work is aimed at developing an improved understanding of the commercially crucial phenomenon of liquid crystal alignment by studying well-characterized surfaces. Herein is reported molecular-level characterization of the surface underlying a ferroelectric liquid crystal in situ, a requisite starting point for understanding the liquid crystal-solid interface at the molecular level. The results are also important in the context of developing a model for the molecular. origins of the contrast observed in STM images of organic monolayers on conductor surfaces. The data and analysis provide strong evidence that neither frontier orbital alone (highest occupied or lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) is sufficient to describe the observed tunneling efficiency.     

福建省软件产业竞争情报需求与采集现状研究

对福建省100家软件企业的竞争情报需求与采集现状进行问卷调研,从软件企业竞争情报工作开展的情况、竞争情报需求的内容与特点、竞争情报采集方式和现状进行统计分析,揭示了福建省软件产业竞争情报需求与采集上存在的一些问题,并根据这些问题提出一些有针对性的建议。     

Ordering of quantum dots using genetically engineered viruses

A liquid crystal system was used for the fabrication of a highly ordered composite material from genetically engineered M13 bacteriophage and zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanocrystals. The bacteriophage, which formed the basis of the self-ordering system, were selected to have a specific recognition moiety for ZnS crystal surfaces. The bacteriophage were coupled with ZnS solution precursors and spontaneously evolved a self-supporting hybrid film material that was ordered at the nanoscale and at the micrometer scale into approximately 72-micrometer domains, which were continuous over a centimeter length scale. In addition, suspensions were prepared in which the lyotropic liquid crystalline phase behavior of the hybrid material was controlled by solvent concentration and by the use of a magnetic field.     

DSB/油酸钠/油酸/水体系中溶致液晶的研究

通过对溶致液晶结构进行研究,为其应用于药物载体提供理论基础。绘制了25℃时十二烷基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱（DSB）/油酸钠/油酸/水体系相图,对溶致液晶开展了偏光显微镜研究。结果表明,当体系的组成沿图中的AB线改变时,其液晶结构变化顺序是,六角状液晶→六角状液晶与层状液晶共存→层状液晶→立方状液晶。     

End-to-end stacking and liquid crystal condensation of 6 to 20 base pair DNA duplexes

Short complementary B-form DNA oligomers, 6 to 20 base pairs in length, are found to exhibit nematic and columnar liquid crystal phases, even though such duplexes lack the shape anisotropy required for liquid crystal ordering. Structural study shows that these phases are produced by the end-to-end adhesion and consequent stacking of the duplex oligomers into polydisperse anisotropic rod-shaped aggregates, which can order into liquid crystals. Upon cooling mixed solutions of short DNA oligomers, in which only a small fraction of the DNA present is complementary, the duplex-forming oligomers phase-separate into liquid crystal droplets, leaving the unpaired single strands in isotropic solution. In a chemical environment where oligomer ligation is possible, such ordering and condensation would provide an autocatalytic link whereby complementarity promotes the extended polymerization of complementary oligomers.     

天然气液化冷剂管外降膜流动特性数值模拟

降膜流动蒸发是液化天然气工艺中绕管式换热器的核心传热方式.为了研究不同雷诺数、管外径及管间距对烷烃类介质降膜流动管间流型、液膜厚度等参数的影响,基于VOF两相流模型和Level Set两相流模型的耦合模型,进行降膜流动的数值模拟研究,同时搭建可视化实验装置,对数值模型进行实验验证.基于数值模拟结果,拟合得到了适用于烷烃...     

尿素及其衍生物与磷脂之间的相互作用

用差示扫描量热和LB膜研究了尿素及其衍生物与磷脂之间的相互作用.结果表明,尿素及其衍生物都可以稳定层状液晶相,而且都可以和磷脂直接作用.尿素是通过形成氢键与磷脂头基作用,而DMU和TMU是通过插入磷脂双分子膜的界面部分与磷脂作用.     

Mechanism of insect resistance to the microbial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis

Receptor binding studies show that resistance of a laboratory-selected Plodia interpunctella strain to a Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) is correlated with a 50-fold reduction in affinity of the membrane receptor for this protein. The strain is sensitive to a second type of ICP that apparently recognizes a different receptor. Understanding the mechanism of resistance will provide strategies to prevent or delay resistance and hence prolong the usefulness of B. thuringiensis ICPs as environmentally safe insecticides.     

From static to kinetic friction in confined liquid films

The transition from rest to sliding contact of atomically smooth solids separated by molecularly thin liquid films was studied. The films could be deformed nearly reversibly to a large fraction of the film thickness. The modulus of elasticity and yield stress were low, considerably less than for a molecular crystal or glass in the bulk. The transition to dissipative sliding was typically (but not always) discontinuous. The dissipative stress was then nearly velocity-independent. The similar response of monolayers strongly attached to the solid surfaces, presenting a well-defined interface for sliding, suggests that the physical mechanism of sliding may involve wall slip.     

Ordered liquid aluminum at the interface with sapphire

Understanding the nature of solid-liquid interfaces is important for many processes of technological interest, such as solidification, liquid-phase epitaxial growth, wetting, liquid-phase joining, crystal growth, and lubrication. Recent studies have reported on indirect evidence of density fluctuations at solid-liquid interfaces on the basis of x-ray scattering methods that have been complemented by atomistic simulations. We provide evidence for ordering of liquid atoms adjacent to an interface with a crystal, based on real-time high-temperature observations of alumina-aluminum solid-liquid interfaces at the atomic-length scale. In addition, crystal growth of alumina into liquid aluminum, facilitated by interfacial transport of oxygen from the microscope column, was observed in situ with the use of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.     

A ferroelectric liquid crystal conglomerate composed of racemic molecules

We describe the design and synthesis of a ferroelectric liquid crystal composed of racemic molecules. The ferroelectric polarization results from spontaneous polar symmetry breaking in a fluid smectic. The ferroelectric phase is also chiral, resulting in the formation of a mixture of macroscopic domains of either handedness at the isotropic-to-liquid crystal phase transition. This smectic liquid crystal is thus a fluid conglomerate. Detailed investigation of the electrooptic and polarization current behavior within individual domains in liquid crystal cells shows the thermodynamically stable structure to be a uniformly tilted smectic bow-phase (banana phase), with all layer pairs homochiral and ferroelectric (SmC(S)P(F)).     

预测水平管中气体—非牛顿液体段塞流的压降

气体－非牛顿液体两相流动中的段塞流是常见而十分复杂的流动型态。世界各国过去对水平管中气体－牛顿液体的段塞流做过不少研究，但对气体－非牛顿液体的段塞流研究甚少。在借鉴前人研究成果及理论分析的基础上，经过大量的实验观察，结合非牛顿液体的特征，在假设①整修管路由相同的流动单元ＬＵ组成；②一个曲型的ＬＵ单元中含有液柱ＬＳ、气柱ＬＦ和液膜三部分，液柱和液膜中均有气体；③液柱前面形成一个旋涡区Ｌｍ的前提下，提     

Catalytic conversion of biomass to monofunctional hydrocarbons and targeted liquid-fuel classes

It is imperative to develop more efficient processes for conversion of biomass to liquid fuels, such that the cost of these fuels would be competitive with the cost of fuels derived from petroleum. We report a catalytic approach for the conversion of carbohydrates to specific classes of hydrocarbons for use as liquid transportation fuels, based on the integration of several flow reactors operated in a cascade mode, where the effluent from the one reactor is simply fed to the next reactor. This approach can be tuned for production of branched hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds in gasoline, or longer-chain, less highly branched hydrocarbons in diesel and jet fuels. The liquid organic effluent from the first flow reactor contains monofunctional compounds, such as alcohols, ketones, carboxylic acids, and heterocycles, that can also be used to provide reactive intermediates for fine chemicals and polymers markets.     

液体地膜覆盖对滴灌棉花生长及土壤水温盐环境的影响

干旱区棉田残膜污染日益严重,液体地膜覆盖能从根本上杜绝农田残膜增加。为探索液体地膜代替塑料薄膜与滴灌结合的可行性,采用测坑试验研究3种覆盖方式[液体地膜覆盖(LFD)、塑料地膜覆盖(PFD)和裸地对照(NFD)]对滴灌棉花生长及土壤水温盐环境的影响。结果表明,LFD棉花可提高土壤含水率和地温,加快滴灌棉花前期生长速度及适度抑制后期旺长。平均籽棉产量较NFD增长7.2%,相对PFD降低2.1%。LFD棉花对土壤环境无不良影响,在干旱区滴灌棉田具有应用前景。     

Biomolecular interactions at phospholipid-decorated surfaces of liquid crystals

The spontaneous assembly of phospholipids at planar interfaces between thermotropic liquid crystals and aqueous phases gives rise to patterned orientations of the liquid crystals that reflect the spatial and temporal organization of the phospholipids. Strong and weak specific-binding events involving proteins at these interfaces drive the reorganization of the phospholipids and trigger orientational transitions in the liquid crystals. Because these interfaces are fluid, processes involving the lateral organization of proteins (such as the formation of protein- and phospholipid-rich domains) are also readily imaged by the orientational response of the liquid crystal, as are stereospecific enzymatic events. These results provide principles for label-free monitoring of aqueous streams for molecular and biomolecular species without the need for complex instrumentation.     

The cosmological kibble mechanism in the laboratory: string formation in liquid crystals

The production of strings (disclination lines and loops) has been observed by means of the Kibble mechanism of domain (bubble) formation in the isotropic-nematic phase transition of the uniaxial nematic liquid crystal 4-cyano-4'-n-pentylbiphenyl. The number of strings formed per bubble is about 0.6. This value is in reasonable agreement with a numerical simulation of the experiment in which the Kibble mechanism is used for the order parameter space of a uniaxial nematic liquid crystal.     

板栗液膜贮藏保鲜方法及其生理研究

本文主要研究液膜贮藏保鲜方法及其对一些生理变化的影响。研究结果表明:液膜处理的板栗,通过150天常温贮藏保鲜试验,平均好果率为88.45%;保鲜剂处理的板栗平均好果率为84.38%,两者相比,液膜保鲜最佳。与对照组比较,液膜保鲜其呼吸强度平均下降18.47%,失水率平均减少4.16%,Vc含量耗损显著低于保鲜剂方法。