海参常见病的诱发因素及防治方法

刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）是我国有记载的20余种食用海参中价值最高、惟一分布于黄渤海域的温带种。其蛋白质含量高,糖类丰富,脂类含量低,且不含胆固醇,具有很高的营养保健和药用价值,被人们视为重要的海珍品,因而具有重要的市场价值。近年来,海参消费需求量的逐年增加导致海参自然资源的过度开发和种群数量的急剧下降,因此,海参的人工养殖随之兴起。目前,国内海参养殖规模不断扩大。     

加工方法对海参的基本成份及矿物质含量的影响

不同加工方法对新鲜的、干制的以及制罐产品的两种海参品种的营养含量、组织结构以及海参毒素含量的进行了分析与测定,新鲜的海参含水量89—91％,蛋白质5—6％,脂肪0.3％,灰分3％以及醣0.3％;干制海参含水量26％,蛋白质61—70％,脂肪2—3％,灰分16—24％以及醣2—3％。新鲜的海参在组织中含有90毫克海参毒素/100克;罐制海参含有水份和蛋白质含量与一般鱼类、鲸鱼等相似.用罐制加工海参的方法,其结果明显差异(P<0.01),以使罐制海参的钾含量降低,而钠含量反而增加,用制罐海参制品、新鲜煮熟海参、煮熟后盐罐海参以及煮熟后于制海参三种制罐海参原料在组织结构中无明显差异(P<0.01)     

介绍一种热带海参养殖新品种

清朝赵学敏《本草纲目拾遗》中记载：“海参其性温补，足敌人参，故日海参”。海参由于蛋白质含量高，糖分含量低且不含胆固醇，位列海味“八珍”之首，具有极高的营养价值。现代医学研究已经证明，海参体内含有丰富的酸性黏多糖、活性多肽、皂苷等成分，具有补肾壮阳、益气补阴、通肠润燥、止血消炎、镇惊止痛、预防癌症等功能。本文介绍一种适合我国华南地区养殖的热带海参——糙海参。     

海参加大米饭-黄金组合营养餐

海参,既是宴席上的佳肴,又是滋补珍品.海参味甘、咸,性温,含有50多种对人体有益的营养成分,其中蛋白质含量高达55%以上,是一种典型的高蛋白、低脂肪、低胆固醇食物,具有补肾益精、壮阳疗痿、润燥通便的作用,对高血压、高脂血症和冠心病患者尤为适宜.     

蒸汽水发技术对发海参的品质影响

海参是棘皮动物门(Echinodermata)、海参纲中的一种珍贵的无脊椎动物(Holothuroidea)。海参一直深受人们的亲睐,不仅高蛋白、无胆固醇和低脂肪,而且微量元素含量也很丰富,还含有一定活性成分如酸性粘多糖、皂昔等,常作为补益佳品。     

北方刺参与南方糙海参口感及营养成分比较分析

为了解南方和北方主要海参品种的口感及营养品质差异,分别对北方刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)和南方糙海参(Holothuria scabra)体壁的口感和营养成分,包括粗蛋白、灰分、总糖、粗脂肪、氨基酸组成、活性多糖及3种主要常量元素进行了比较分析。结果显示,糙海参的硬度、弹性明显高于刺参,而吞咽度和润滑感低于刺参;干样复水后,刺参的含水量(94.36%)明显高于糙海参(81.79%)。以干基计,刺参和糙海参的粗蛋白和灰分质量分数分别为62.51%、5.62%和81.01%、1.43%;总糖和粗脂肪质量分数分别为8.20%、1.23%和2.15%、1.40%。氨基酸分析显示:糙海参的谷氨酸、甘氨酸和脯氨酸的含量明显高于刺参,尤其胶原蛋白特征氨基酸——甘氨酸、脯氨酸的含量明显高于刺参,因此糙海参含有较多的胶原蛋白;刺参和糙海参的必需氨基酸含量分别为33.06%和18.51%,糙海参明显低于刺参。以干基计,刺参体内矿物元素Ca、Fe和Zn的含量和多糖含量高于糙海参。     

国内外海参养殖技术研究概况

由于海参具有很高的营养价值和药用价值,被人们视为重要的海珍品,因而具有较高的经济价值。近年来,海参消费需求量的逐年增加导致了世界范围内海参自然资源的过度开发和种群数量的急剧下降,因此,海参的人工养殖也随之发展起来。本文对现阶段国内外海参养殖技术的研究现状进行介绍,以期为海参养殖提供理论依据。     

山东沿海刺参的增殖

<正> 刺参为食用海参类中的佳品。分布于我国黄、渤海沿岸海域。它营养价值很高,100克干品中蛋白质含量超过75%,糖类超过10%,不含胆固醇,除作滋补品外,还可药用。明代《草木从新》中记有“补肾益精,壮阳疗萎”;《随息居饮食谱》中记有“滋阴补血、健阳、润燥、调经,善胎利产”等作用。六十年代以来,国内外在海洋药物研究中,认为所含“海参素”能抑制肉瘤和腹水癌的生长。目前刺参多用于治疗肾虚阳萎、贫血和糖尿     

乳山刺参体壁和内脏营养成分比较分析

对乳山刺参体壁和内脏的基本营养成分,包括水分、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、海参糖胺聚糖、海参皂苷、脂肪酸组成、氨基酸组成以及16种无机元素含量进行了系统测定和比较分析。结果表明,在刺参体壁和内脏中,水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、海参糖胺聚糖和海参皂苷含量分别为90.67%、76.11%;49.75%、34.90%;6.56%、5.15%;27.50%、36.85%;7.47%、1.08%;0.062 2%、0.017 4%。体壁和内脏中含有21种脂肪酸,内脏中多不饱和脂肪酸含量高于体壁,含EPA 13.09%、DHA 6.88%。二者粗蛋白的氨基酸组成中,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的39.36%、39.93%,谷氨酸和天冬氨酸等鲜味氨基酸［19.07,11.57 g/(100 g)］以及精氨酸等药效氨基酸［10.78,7.06 g/(100 g)］含量较高。无机元素含量高,富含镁、铁、锌、钒、硒等元素,内脏中钒和锰的含量尤为丰富。研究表明,刺参内脏亦含有丰富的蛋白质、多不饱和脂肪酸和钒、锰、硒等无机元素,具有较好的食用和药用价值,应得到充分利用。     

海参胶原蛋白的研究进展

海参是棘皮动物门、海参纲动物的通称,为重要的海洋无脊椎动物,分布于世界各海洋中。海参体内含有蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、多种微量元素、胶质、海参皂甙、酸性粘多糖等成分,但不含胆固醇。海参体壁是海参主要的食用或药用部位,主要构成为上皮组织和真皮结缔组织,海参真皮结缔组织的细胞间充填着胶原等纤维成分和蛋白聚糖,以及其它糖蛋白等无定型间质,即细胞外基质(ECM)。经加工后的海参胶原蛋白的高甘氨酸含量与羟脯氨酸、羟赖氨酸的存在,表明海参蛋白以胶原蛋白为主体。研究已经证明,动物胶或明胶(gelatin)富含的甘氨酸和碱性氨基酸…     

海参圈用海评估指标体系的研究

评估指标体系的建立是开展宗海评估工作的基础.宗海用途种类繁多,不同用途的海域在评估时都应建立各自相应的评估指标体系,这样评估工作就会更加科学合理.本文针对海参圈建立完备的三级评估指标体系,并运用该评估体系实现对海参圈用海的综合评估.     

Effective fluorochrome marking of juvenile sea cucumbers for sea ranching and restocking

Dermal spicules (or ‘ossicles’) of cultured sea cucumbers can be fluorescently marked with tetracycline and calcein for sea ranching and restocking but optimal immersion conditions are unknown. Lethal and non-lethal effects, and the efficacy of marking spicules in juvenile sandfish (Holothuria scabra), were examined under different immersion conditions. Fluorescence brightness and the proportion of marked spicules generally increased with concentration and duration of immersion. Frequency of burial (an indicator of stress) in sandfish increased with both fluorochromes at concentrations above 50 mg L^− 1. Growth in the two weeks post-marking was unaffected at immersion concentrations of 50 and 100 mg L^− 1 compared to controls, but appeared inhibited by immersion in solutions of 200 and 400 mg L^− 1 of tetracycline or calcein. Sequential marking by tetracycline (yellow) and calcein (green), in either order, showed that calcein was deposited in a higher proportion of spicules. Three other fluorochromes with disparate colors, alizarin complexone, calcein blue and xylenol orange, also marked sandfish spicules and expanded the variety of dichromic combinations. Both tetracycline and calcein fluoresced more brightly when juveniles were marked at 26 or 30 °C than at 21 °C, and this low temperature appears also to reduce the proportion of spicules marked by tetracycline. Our findings show that seawater temperature should be regulated for ex situ immersion marking. The behavioral and biological sensitivities of sandfish demand care in administering the fluorochromes. Fluorochrome immersion at 100 mg L^− 1 for 24 h at ≥26 °C provides a practical compromise between minimizing the fitness of released juveniles and ensuring the efficacy of the markers for studies on the growth and survival of sea cucumbers stocked in the wild.     

Recent advances in European sea bass and gilthead sea bream nutrition

European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata) are amongst the most important finfish speciescultured in the Mediterranean region. Production of these species isnowadays a well-controlled process, but knowledge of their nutritionalrequirements is still very limited. Nevertheless, a considerable amountof data has been accumulated in recent years, and the purpose of thispaper is to review the recent advances on the nutritional requirementsof sea bass and sea bream. The optimum protein to energy ratio of thediets of sea bass and sea bream seem to be higher than for salmonids,and there is some evidence that high dietary lipid levels have nobeneficial effects on fish performances. Although the essential aminoacid requirements were estimated by the ideal protein method, data basedon the dose-response method is only available for a few amino acids.Essential fatty acid requirements were estimated for sea bream juvenilesbut data is lacking for sea bass. Vitamin and mineral requirements ofthese species are practically unknown. Although the importance ofbroodstock nutrition on gonadal development, spawning and egg quality isrecognized, few studies were done to elucidate these aspects. The recentdevelopment of microparticulate diets for larvae will contribute to theaccurate evaluation of their nutritional requirements.     

水产动物种质创制新技术及在海参、海胆遗传育种中的应用

随着现代遗传育种理论和生物技术的不断发展与创新,水产育种技术也开始从传统的选择育种、杂交育种技术,逐渐向与分子标记辅助育种、细胞工程育种、全基因组选择育种、分子设计育种、性别控制、基因转移以及基因编辑等现代分子辅助育种技术相结合的方向发展.虽然,我国水产种业已经形成并蓬勃发展,但仍存在良种覆盖率低、研究深度不够等问题和...     

海参养殖技术之一:虾池造礁养参技术

虾池造礁养参具有高投入、高回报的特点,是当前合理利用养虾池,提高虾池利用率的有效措施。现就虾池造礁养参技术介绍如下:一、清理池底放干池水,将池底的淤泥、青苔等清除干净。在池底较浅的情况下,可用挖掘机将池底下挖并整平,使虾池注满水后水深能保持在1.5m~2.0m;再用石棉瓦或装满水泥、细沙的编织袋将池边铺好,不留任何缝隙,防止海参钻入或逃逸。二、造礁可用瓦片、石块、果筐或空心砖造礁。1.用瓦片造礁:所用瓦片是盖房用的红色长方形瓦片,每3片为一组,3个瓦片长边依次对接,形成一个三角棱体,用细绳将棱体捆扎牢固。用棱体在池底堆成…     

Incidental captures of sea turtles by swordfish and albacore longlines in the Ionian sea

ABSTRACT:   Incidental catches in pelagic longline fishing pose a serious threat to sea turtle populations throughout the world's seas and oceans. In this work, carried out in the framework of the EC-DG-Fisheries 98/008 project, information on sea turtle catch rates from swordfish and albacore longline fishing activities observed in Italian waters off the Ionian Sea during 1999 and 2000, are reported. In addition, biometric data, health status, and tagging return rate of sea turtles captured are provided. A total of 200 sea turtles were caught (198 loggerhead turtles and 2 green turtles), comprising 0.5–15.7% of the total catch in number of individuals. The estimates of the sea turtles caught by the total fishing effort of both longlines in the whole study area were 1084 specimens in 1999 (95% CI = 667–1502) and 4447 specimens in 2000 (95% CI = 3189–5705). Although all sea turtles were released alive, nearly half of them had hooks that could not be removed and remained deeply embedded in the digestive tract.     

真鲷与黑鲷杂交繁育技术研究

2006年3月从海区选购真鲷、黑鲷亲鱼,通过强化培育,性腺促熟,于4月开展杂交试验,结果真鲷♀×黑鲷♂受精率为87.4%,孵化率为85%,出苗率14.28%;黑鲷♀×真鲷♂受精率为92.1%,孵化率为90%,出苗率7.2%,共获得正交反交杂交鱼苗32 000尾。     

东海中北部海区头足类资源量的评估

根据1994年6月至1996年6月二年整6艘单拖调查船的调查资料，采用资源密度法，评估了26°00＇-31°00＇N、120°30＇-127°30＇E约40-200m水深范围87个渔区头足类及其主要种类的资源量，阐明了头足类及主要种类资源密度的季节变化和时空分布，提出可捕量，为今后利用和管理提供科学的理论依据。     

浅海吊笼养殖刺参技术

<正>近年来,山东省日照市东港区在传统养殖刺参的模式基础上,因地制宜进行了浅海吊笼养殖试验,取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。现将养殖技术介绍如下:一、材料与方法1.试验地点     

茶皂素在刺参苗期对玻璃海鞘杀除效果的研究

为寻求刺参苗种生产期间清除玻璃海鞘的有效方法,以天然环保的茶皂素作为杀虫药物,研究了不同质量浓度的茶皂素溶液对玻璃海鞘的杀除效果及对参苗的影响.试验结果显示,茶皂素对玻璃海鞘具有致死作用,用质量浓度为5、10、20 mg/L的茶皂素溶液浸浴处理12 h,玻璃海鞘的杀除率分别为32.3％、67.7％、83.3％,用质量浓...