在线课程热度时效性规律与课程管理策略

为优化在线课程配置、提升在线教育效果,文章采用"数据密集型"研究范式研究在线课程时效性变化规律.研究结果表明课程热度时效性呈现浮动型曲线、折线型曲线、递增型曲线、骤减型曲线四大动态规律;在基础学科类课程、专业类课程、前沿技术类课程、热门类课程、通识类课程五大类型课程上呈现时效性差异化的特点,需要采取相应的管理策略.     

探索技工院校课程建设思路——以广州市公用事业技师学院“楼宇自动化设备使用与维护”课程为例

课程建设是一所学校内涵发展的重要抓手,本文以广州市公用事业技师学院"楼宇自动化设备使用与维护"课程为例,结合专业及课程现状,从课程规划、提升课程目标、调整课程内容、完善课程资源、强化课程师资、优化课程场所、丰富教学组织形式、加大课例研讨、加强课程管理、提高课程效益等十个方面探讨技工院校课程建设的思路。     

全球视域下综合课程的历史解析与时代呼唤

按照综合课程发展的历史演进,通过分析二元论主导下的＂相关综合课程＂与＂经验综合课程＂分立、连续理论主导下的＂相关综合课程＂与＂经验综合课程＂统整、概念重建主义主导下的综合课程范式转换、整体有机论主导下的体验课程,展望了基于核心概念理解的综合课程时代。     

系统论视角下报关实务课程分析

系统论是对实践发展、学科建设等具有指导性意义的方法论，系统理论为我们有效地分析报关实务课程提供了可能性。本文通过对系统理论的简单梳理，分析了报关实务课程系统中存在的四个要素，即课程教育主体、课程教育客体、课程教育内容以及课程教育载体。同时，建立了报关实务课程系统的结构模型。     

基于工作过程系统化进行《猪生产》课程建设的实践

"基于工作过程、工学结合进行课程开发"是《猪生产》课程建设的主要理念,课程建设几年来,逐步形成了"工学交替、理实合一、教学做一体"课程特色。笔者从该课程的教学内容、教学方法、教学模式、考试考核等方面阐述了基于工作过程系统化进行《猪生产》课程建设的举措。     

高职院校食品专业乳品加工技术课程开发的研究与实践

本文以教学改革为契机,从课程设置、教学内容、教学实施、课程考核、课程特色等方面探讨了高职院校食品加工专业乳品加工技术课程的开发与实践。     

"双一流"背景下应用数学类研究生课程建设与教学改革的新探索 ——以《小波分析》课程为例

面对"双一流"建设的挑战和契机,以应用数学类研究生的《小波分析》课程为例,针对师资队伍不稳定、课程知识前沿化程度偏低、课程理论与实践脱节等问题,提出应用数学研究生课程建设应建立稳定课程团队、加强课程梯队,以科教协同的方式推进课程知识的前沿化、以交叉融合的方式推进理论与实践的有机融合等新措施,课程教学模式应注重培养学生自...     

动物育种学融合课程思政的教学改革与实践

伴随着信息爆炸和互联网时代的来临，动物育种学课程的传统课堂讲授模式面临新的挑战。如何在课堂教学中挖掘出让学生主动与老师有效交流的兴趣点，是本门课程教学改革要解决的重点问题。本文从课程性质与思政目标、课程思政教学设计、课程思政典型案例及素材、教学效果、课程思政案例（基因组编辑育种及其法律监管）、总结反思等方面对本门课程融合课程思政的教学改革与实践进行了详尽的论述。     

基于土木工程专业学生毕业要求的课程评价探讨

从工程教育认证视角下讨论了学生对课程评价的建设意义和作用,分析了学生对课程评价的措施,以及课程目标、课程内容、课程实施和课程评价四个方面内容,以土木工程课程建设为例,说明学生在课程目标、毕业要求、课程体系和教学活动方面对课程评价持续改进措施与效果,为其他专业开展类似课程评价建设提供基础研究素材。     

浅谈《普通地质学》课程教学改革的主要方向

《普通地质学》课程是地质类专业的启蒙课程,其教学质量和效果可能会对后续多门专业课程的教学产生影响,因此,该课程应该受到教师们高度重视。笔者根据该课程的内容和特点,从教学内容和学时、教学目标、教学方法、考核四个方面简要论述了该课程教学改革的主要方向。本文可供参与《普通地质学》课程教学工作的同仁们参考,期望有益于该课程教学质量的提高。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein