益生菌在水产养殖生产中的应用

本文以益生菌在水产养殖生产中的应用为主要内容,结合益生菌在水产养殖中的应用现状分析和益生菌在水产养殖应用中出现的问题以及应用对策为主要依据,从鱼类养殖、虾蟹养殖和贝类养殖中的应用,以及益生菌在水产养殖应用中存在的问题、解决对策几方面进行深入探讨和分析,其目的在于加强益生菌在水产养殖中的应用价值,为相关研究提供参考依据。     

益生菌在工厂化水产养殖中的应用及机制研究进展

益生菌在水产养殖中的应用得到了广泛的关注,成为目前研究的热点。工厂化水产养殖中的益生菌,因具有抑制有害菌的生长,提高水生生物的免疫力,增加水产养殖的产量以及调节水质的作用,应用效果显著。鉴于此,本文系统地梳理了不同种类益生菌在不同养殖水生动物中的应用,从分子水平上分析了益生菌体外水体净化机制和体内肠道改善机制,探讨了益生菌在工厂化水产养殖中的应用前景,旨在为快速发展的益生菌产业和可持续水产养殖业提供理论支撑和技术依据。     

益生菌在水产养殖中的研究进展

随着水产养殖过程中对环境的污染越来越严重,益生菌得到了广泛的重视。益生菌是一种友好的、绿色的微生物产品,不仅可以有效的防治病害,还可以在一定程度上改善水质,降低对环境的污染程度。本文主要阐述了益生菌在水产养殖中的研究进展,从益生菌的作用、益生菌的菌种应用以及未来的发展方向三个方面出发,作出具体分析。     

益生菌在水产养殖中的应用

综述水产养殖益生菌的概念演变,指出其与人和陆生动物概念的相似与区别;简单概述水产益生菌的普遍作用机制,突出其在生物防治中的重要位置;详细阐述目前益生菌在水产养殖业中作为水质调控剂、病原菌抑制剂及营养性饲料添加剂的研究进展.     

益生菌在水产无脊椎动物养殖中的研究与应用

简述了水产无脊椎动物养殖的问题和益生菌的利用;概述了益生菌的概念发展和种类;综述了益生菌对水产无脊椎动物的功能和作用机理;阐述了益生菌在水产无脊椎动物中的应用和研究进展。     

芽孢杆菌在水产养殖中的应用研究进展

近年,全球水产养殖业呈现高速发展趋势,也面临着水质污染、病害防治等问题。为实现水产养殖的可持续发展,寻找替代传统养殖方式的新手段成为研究热点。芽孢杆菌作为一种广泛存在于土壤和水体中的益生菌,在生物防治、水质净化、饲料添加等方面具有应用前景。将芽孢杆菌应用于水产养殖中可以提高水生动物产量并一定程度替代抗生素和药物,对改善养殖环境、提高养殖效率和质量具有重要意义。该文阐述使用芽孢杆菌作为饲料添加剂和水质净化剂的可行性,总结芽孢杆菌在水生动物养殖中应用的研究结果,分析其提高水产动物饲料利用率,生长、免疫、抗病力以及改善水质的案例,为今后芽孢杆菌在水产养殖中的应用提供参考价值。     

芽孢杆菌在水产养殖中的研究进展

在水产养殖中益生菌已成为人们关注的绿色饲料添加剂,它能够维持许多水产养殖动物的健康和生长。益生芽孢杆菌具有孢子形成能力,可使其在恶劣的环境条件下生存。同时,由于其具有无毒、无病害,且可产生抗菌物质的特性,所以比其他益生菌更适合作为绿色饲料添加剂投喂给鱼类。文章综述了在可持续水产养殖中益生芽孢杆菌对水生动物的饲料利用率、生长性能、应激反应、免疫反应、肠道菌群平衡、抗病力、相关基因表达的影响以及对养殖水体的调控作用,旨在为芽孢杆菌在水产养殖中的研发及精准应用提供参考。     

乳酸菌在水产养殖中的应用研究进展

随着水产养殖业的快速发展,水产生物病害防治、养殖环境污染等问题越来越严重。乳酸菌是一种益生菌,能够水解蛋白质,产有机酸和细菌素等。乳酸菌还可调节水生动物肠道菌群平衡,提高动物免疫力和生长性能,广泛应用于水产养殖行业。文章总结了乳酸菌的特点及其作用机制,并结合乳酸菌作为饲料添加剂在水产养殖业中的应用,展望乳酸菌在水产养殖中应用的发展方向,为乳酸菌在水产养殖业中更好地应用提供参考。     

益生菌在水产健康养殖中的应用

现代渔业倡导绿色环保为前提的生态养殖,使得益生菌在水产养殖业中的应用越来越受到人们的关注。文章综述了水产益生菌在鱼类肠道健康、促进鱼虾生长、提高鱼类免疫功能和对养殖水体的水质调控等几个方面的应用研究情况,有助于渔业生产转型过程中生态健康养殖技术的进一步推广。     

益生菌和益生素在鲑鱼养殖中的应用现状及未来趋势

抗生素发挥其防病、致病和促生长等功效的同时,其弊端也频现。近年来,从业者都在致力于寻找抗生素替代品,益生菌和益生素作为潜在的替代品,主要通过直接或间接调节肠道菌群使宿主受益。其作用模式是使胃肠道有益菌增加(如乳酸菌和某些芽孢杆菌),包括分泌某些有益化合物,竞争性抑制病原菌,抑制致病病毒基因表达,增强免疫机能,改变胃肠结构和辅助消化等功能。因此,益生菌和益生素的应用会改善水产动物的健康状况,提高抗病力、生长性能和机体组成,减少畸形,改善肠道形态和微生态平衡。近期的大量研究证实了共生素(益生菌和益生素)在水产养殖中应用的效果,并探讨其作用机理,这也为其在鲑鱼养殖中的应用奠定了基础。然而,目前研究的应用策略方案繁多,却又不适合实际养殖;因此,为水产养殖实际应用设计有效的使用策略还较困难。未来的研究应致力于适用规模养殖的共生素产品和实用技术的研发。另外,从科学的角度出发,为了达到最佳的应用效果,必须对胃肠粘膜与细菌的互作有更深入的了解。鲑鱼是许多国家主要的水产养殖品种,该文将就鲑鱼养殖中益生菌和益生素的研究及使用情况作一综述。     

微生态制剂在水产养殖中的作用机理及应用研究进展

介绍了微生态制剂在水产动物健康养殖中的作用机制,以及微生态制剂在刺参养殖中的应用前景。微生态制剂在水产动物中的作用机理包括通过竞争来抑制病原菌生长（如黏附位点、营养、能源等）、通过代谢物（如抑菌物质、消化酶等）调节微生态平衡、提高免疫机能、改善水质、群体感应（quorum sensing,QS）。刺参生理生化反应、生活习性的研究为刺参微生态制剂的开发奠定了基础,也存在一些问题限制了它在刺参养殖中的应用,但微生态制剂仍然是抗生素最有潜力的替代品,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Probiotics as beneficial microbes in aquaculture: an update on their multiple modes of action: a review

Wide and discriminate use of antibiotics has resulted in serious biological and ecological concerns, especially the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Probiotics, known as beneficial microbes, are being proposed as an effective and eco-friendly alternative to antibiotics. They were first applied in aquaculture species more than three decades ago, but considerable attention had been given only in the early 2000s. Probiotics are defined as live or dead, or even a component of the microorganisms that act under different modes of action in conferring beneficial effects to the host or to its environment. Several probiotics have been characterized and applied in fish and a number of them are of host origin. Unlike some disease control alternatives being adapted and proposed in aquaculture where actions are unilateral, the immense potential of probiotics lies on their multiple mechanisms in conferring benefits to the host fish and the rearing environment. The staggering number of probiotics papers in aquaculture highlights the multitude of advantages from these microorganisms and conspicuously position them in the dynamic search for health-promoting alternatives for cultured fish. This paper provides an update on the use of probiotics in finfish aquaculture, particularly focusing on their modes of action. It explores the contemporary understanding of their spatial and nutritional competitiveness, inhibitory metabolites, environmental modification capability, immunomodulatory potential and stress-alleviating mechanism. This timely update affirms the importance of probiotics in fostering sustainable approaches in aquaculture and provides avenues in furthering its research and development.     

芽孢杆菌在水产养殖中的应用进展

目前,茅孢杆菌是公认有发展前景的优良菌种之一,在水产养殖中应用,能够促进养殖动物生长、减少病害发生、改善养殖环境。文章综述了目前在水产中常用芽孢杆菌的种类、作用机理及应用效果。     

芽孢乳酸菌的作用机制及在水产养殖中应用前景

芽孢乳酸菌是一种内生孢子的活菌制剂,与其他益生菌相比具有更好的抗逆性、稳定性、耐热性、易保存等特性。芽孢乳酸菌既可以产乳酸又能产生芽孢,具有乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌的双重优势。因此,芽孢乳酸菌是一种优质的微生态制剂,能够在水产养殖中有更好的应用前景。本文主要是对芽孢乳酸菌在水产养殖的应用及其机制做综述,并对芽孢乳酸菌发展前景及存在的问题作探讨。     

The role of probiotics in aquaculture

The increase of productivity in aquaculture has been accompanied by ecological impacts including emergence of a large variety of pathogens and bacterial resistance. These impacts are in part due to the indiscriminate use of chemotherapeutic agents as a result of management practices in production cycles. This review provides a summary of the use of probiotics for prevention of bacterial diseases in aquaculture, with a critical evaluation of results obtained to date.     

Aquaculture and stress management: a review of probiotic intervention

To meet the ever‐increasing demand for animal protein, aquaculture continuously requires new techniques to increase the production yield. However, with every step towards intensification of aquaculture practices, there is an increase in stress level on the animal as well as on the environment. Feeding practices in aqua farming usually plays an important role, and the addition of various additives to a balanced feed formula to achieve better growth is a common practice among the fish and shrimp culturists. Probiotics, also known as ‘bio‐friendly agents’, such as LAB (Lactobacillus), yeasts and Bacillus sp., can be introduced into the culture environment to control and compete with pathogenic bacteria as well as to promote the growth of the cultured organisms. In addition, probiotics are non‐pathogenic and non‐toxic micro‐organisms, having no undesirable side effects when administered to aquatic organisms. Probiotics are also known to play an important role in developing innate immunity among the fishes, and hence help them to fight against any pathogenic bacterias as well as against environmental stressors. The present review is a brief but informative compilation of the different essential and desirable traits of probiotics, their mode of action and their useful effects on fishes. The review also highlights the role of probiotics in helping the fishes to combat against the different physical, chemical and biological stress.     

微生态制剂在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展

综述了微生态制剂的概念、主要生理功能及其在提高畜禽生产性能、改善产品品质、防治疾病、增强免疫机能、改善繁殖机能、缓解应激反应、净化养殖环境方面的应用效果，并分析了存在的主要问题与今后的发展方向。     

1株鲤鱼源植物乳杆菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性分析

【目的】筛选具有优良益生特性的鲤源乳酸菌作为水产养殖用微生态制剂候选菌株。【方法】以鲤鱼肠道内容物及黏膜为菌株的分离来源，采用MRS培养基进行菌株分离纯化，经16S rRNA测序鉴定后，对分离菌株生长特性、产酸能力、耐酸、耐胆盐、抑菌特性、药物敏感性及安全性等生物学特性进行分析。【结果】试验成功分离到1株植物乳杆菌，将其命名为YY001，该分离株在MRS培养基上菌落形态为圆形、表面光滑、边缘整齐、呈乳白色，革兰氏染色为阳性、无芽孢、两端钝圆的短小杆菌；4 h后进入对数期生长，12 h后生长达到稳定期；具有较强的产酸能力，产酸曲线显示，0~12 h pH迅速下降，培养16 h的菌液pH达3.8；在pH 3.0和0.3%胆盐的条件下具有一定耐受性；该分离株对水产常见致病菌柱状黄杆菌、维气氏单胞菌和嗜水气单胞菌均具抑菌效果，且对柱状黄杆菌的抑菌效果最显著，抑菌圈直径达34.19 mm；药物敏感性试验结果显示，分离株对卡那霉素、链霉素和万古霉素耐药；每天一次连续1周灌胃10⁸CFU分离菌株对小鼠无毒害作用。【结论】本研究分离到的菌株YY001具有优良的生物学特性，可作为水产养殖用微生态制剂候选菌株，为后续制备鲤鱼用微生态制剂奠定基础。     

益生菌在家禽生产中的应用及影响因素研究进展

益生菌是天然活菌的统称,可以改善及塑造肠道微生物群落结构,从而促进家禽高效生产。文章从益生菌的发展历程及种类、益生菌的作用机理及特性、益生菌在家禽中的应用以及影响益生菌作用效果的因素等方面入手,结合国内外相关研究报道进行综述,以期为益生菌在家禽中的应用提供参考依据。     

Characterization of the probiotic strain Vagococcus fluvialis in the protection of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) against vibriosis by Vibrio anguillarum

Aquaculture is one of the main sources of income in many countries worldwide. Intensive farms are often affected by different infectious diseases that can decrease their final production. To control this situation, several antibiotics are frequently used with known environmental consequences. The aim of this study was to analyze different bacterial strains isolated from of gilthead sea bream, sea bass, sole and meagre guts, for use as probiotics in aquaculture. The strains were evaluated in vitro through various mechanisms of selection, such as the production of antagonistic effects against pathogens, production of antibacterial substance, adhesion to the intestinal mucus, competition for nutrients or binding site, and growth in intestinal mucus. A total of 50 bacterial strains were analyzed and only one showed excellent in vitro results for consideration as a candidate to be analyzed in vivo. The strain, identified as Vagococcus fluvialis, showed good protection against Vibrio anguillarum 975-1 in vivo in the experimental challenge, showing a relative percent survival of 42.3% higher than positive control group. Therefore, in conclusion we consider this strain to be a good candidate for use as a future probiotic in aquaculture.