地菍粗多糖对高脂饮食诱导肥胖小鼠脂代谢的影响

[目的] 研究地菍粗多糖对高脂饮食诱导肥胖小鼠脂代谢的影响。[方法] 将小鼠随机分为6组：空白组、模型组、阳性组（0.025 mg/g奥利司他）及高、中、低剂量地菍粗多糖（1.2、0.6和0.3 mg/g）处理组,每组12只。空白组小鼠喂食普通维持饲料,其余各组小鼠喂食高脂饲料,空白组、模型组给予生理盐水,阳性组给予0.025 mg/g奥利司他,高、中、低剂量地菍粗多糖组分别给予1.2、0.6和0.3 mg/g地菍粗多糖,每天灌胃1次,连续给药30 d。给药结束,称量小鼠体重、附睾及肾脏周围脂肪和肝脏组织的重量;HE染色法观察脂肪和肝脏病理变化;生化法检测血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）含量及肝脏TC、TG含量;实时荧光定量PCR法测定肝脏中乙酰辅酶A羧化酶1（ACC1）基因相对表达量。[结果] 与模型组相比,高、中剂量地菍粗多糖组小鼠体重、Lee's指数、摄食量、肝脏及附睾和肾脏周围脂肪的重量均显著降低（P<0.05）,低剂量地菍粗多糖组小鼠体重、脂肪重量均无显著变化（P>0.05）,阳性组小鼠摄食量、肝脏重量均无显著变化（P>0.05）;阳性组、高剂量地菍粗多糖组小鼠的脂肪指数均显著降低（P<0.05）;阳性组、高剂量地菍粗多糖组小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C及肝脏TC、TG含量均显著降低（P<0.05）,血清HDL-C含量差异不显著（P>0.05）;中剂量地菍粗多糖组小鼠血清TC、TG及肝脏TC含量均显著降低（P<0.05）。阳性组及高、中、低剂量地菍粗多糖组小鼠脂肪细胞均不同程度变小,肝细胞内脂滴小空泡明显减少,且ACC1基因的相对表达量均显著下调（P<0.05）,分别降低了20%、42%、15%和11%。[结论] 地菍粗多糖可通过调节高脂饮食诱导肥胖小鼠的脂代谢水平,从而干预肥胖的发生。     

罗汉果皂苷对肥胖小鼠脂代谢的改善作用研究

【目的】 探讨罗汉果皂苷改善高脂喂养诱发肥胖的小鼠脂代谢异常的作用,并探讨其作用机制。【方法】 选取健康雄性昆明小鼠60只,以高脂饲料喂养4周后,随机分为6组：空白组、模型组、辛伐他汀组,以及罗汉果皂苷高（200 mg/（kg·d））、中（100 mg/（kg·d））、低（50 mg/（kg·d））剂量组,连续灌胃给药4周,同时维持高脂喂养。给药完成后,称量各组小鼠体重及脂肪组织重量,计算脂肪系数;检测小鼠血清和肝脏组织甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）的含量,以及血清载脂蛋白A1（ApoA1）和载脂蛋白B （ApoB）含量,并测定肝脏中脂蛋白脂肪酶（LPL）和肝酯酶（HL）的活性。【结果】 与空白组相比,模型组小鼠体重、脂肪重量及脂肪系数均极显著升高（P<0.01）。与模型组相比,罗汉果皂苷高、中剂量组小鼠的脂肪重量及脂肪系数均显著降低（P<0.05）;高剂量罗汉果皂苷显著或极显著降低了小鼠血清及肝脏TC、LDL-C含量（P<0.05;P<0.01）,极显著升高了血清HDL-C含量（P<0.01）;高、中剂量罗汉果皂苷极显著降低了血清ApoB含量（P<0.01）,极显著或显著升高了小鼠肝脏LPL和HL的活性（P<0.01;P<0.05）。【结论】 罗汉果皂苷能预防高脂饲料诱导的肥胖小鼠血脂、肝脂和体脂的增加,其可能的作用机制是通过影响ApoB的合成及HL、LPL的活性。研究结果为将罗汉果皂苷开发为新的减肥降脂产品提供了依据。     

吡啶羧酸铬对肉仔鸡血清生化指标及肝脏中相关酶基因表达的影响

试验研究了4～6周龄肉仔鸡日粮中添加1mg/kg吡啶羧酸铬后,其血清总甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白和极低密度脂蛋白的变化,及其对肝脏中脂肪酸合成酶、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、β-羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶基因转录的影响。其中总甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和极低密度脂蛋白均有下降的趋势,而高密度脂蛋白有上升的趋势,但是差异均不显著(P>0 05)。运用RT-PCR定量三种基因的mRNA,结果表明添加铬后脂肪酸合成酶和β-羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶的转录明显受到影响,分别比对照组下降34 82%和48 26%,而乙酰辅酶A羧化酶受影响很小,其转录只下降了3 87%。     

盐酸二甲双胍对蛋鸡肝脏AMPK活性和鸡蛋胆固醇含量的影响

试验选取日龄、体重、产蛋率相近的新罗曼蛋鸡50只,分为5个处理,即对照组(不含盐酸二甲双胍),0.6%、0.8%和1%的盐酸二甲双胍的试验组和采食量按0.8%盐酸二甲双胍给予的配对组,试验期21d。结果表明:与对照组相比,蛋鸡日粮中添加0.6%、0.8%、1.0%盐酸二甲双胍,使蛋鸡肝脏腺苷一磷酸激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)的活性分别提高了24.3(%P>0.05)、52.6(%P<0.01)、57.6(%P<0.01),0.8%盐酸二甲双胍配对组AMPK活性升高幅度远不及0.8%盐酸二甲双胍组,活性仅提高14.0(%P>0.05);同时降低了-β羟基--β甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGR)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)的活性;降低了血清中胆固醇、甘油三酯、极低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇的含量;降低了肝脏中胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量;降低了鸡蛋中胆固醇的含量。     

FAS基因的研究进展

<正>近几年来,关于人和动物脂肪沉积候选基因的研究逐渐成为热点。其中包括乙酰辅酶A羧化酶基因、FAS基因、脂蛋白酶基因、激素敏感酯酶基因等。生物每天都需要在食物中吸收能量,随后在脂肪组织和肝脏中将部分能量转换成脂肪进行贮存[1]。动物体脂沉积所需要的脂肪酸大多来自脂肪酸的从头合成,即由脂肪酸合成酶催化乙酰辅酶A和丙二酸单酰辅酶A合成脂肪酸。人们已经能够通过分子生物学的手段来调节动物体内FAS基因的表达,从而进一步有效地控制脂肪酸的沉积,提高畜     

参蒜混合液对预防大鼠高脂血症的效果观察

为了研究不同配比的黑参黑蒜混合液对高脂膳食大鼠高脂血症的预防作用,将60只成年Wistar大鼠按体重随机分为5组,即空白对照组、高脂模型组、参蒜混合液A、B、C给药组,每组12只。其中,空白对照组给予普通饲料;其余各组均给予高脂饲料; A、B、C组分别以3种不同配比的参蒜混合液灌胃。每天1次,连续30 d。采用全自动生化分析仪测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和葡萄糖(Glu)的含量。结果显示与高脂对照组相比,A给药组仅血清中HDL-C的含量有显著升高(P 0. 05); B给药组仅血清中TC含量有显著降低(P 0. 05); C给药组的作用最为显著,C给药组大鼠血清中TC、TG、LDL-C的含量均显著下降,并且HDL-C的含量显著升高(P 0. 05)。表明一定配比的参蒜混合液对高脂膳食大鼠具有预防高脂血症的作用。     

桑枝提取物对实验高血脂症小鼠的降血脂作用初步研究

以水、甲醇、95%乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇作为提取溶剂对干燥桑枝进行提取分析,提取产物中的总黄酮含量分别为0.622、0.593、0.693、0.492、0.464、0.407mg/g。用水和95%乙醇为溶剂的桑枝提取产物给小鼠灌胃治疗后,小鼠体重的降低率分别为8.9%和15%;血清中的总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平均有差异,其中以95%乙醇作溶剂的桑枝提取产物使小鼠血清总胆固醇水平和甘油三酯水平与阳性组比较差异极显著。     

性别因素对苏尼特羊背最长肌肌内脂肪沉积的影响及相关性研究

实验旨在研究性别因素对苏尼特羊背最长肌脂代谢相关基因和酶活性的影响,及其与背最长肌肌内脂肪(IMF)含量、脂肪酸的相关性。选取相同饲喂条件,体重(33.5 kg左右)和月龄(6月龄)接近的苏尼特羊24只,采用单因素完全随机设计,分为公、母2组,每组12只。选用心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)和脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)为目的基因检测其mRNA表达量,并测定脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)、甘油三酯水解酶(ATGL)的活性、IMF以及脂肪酸含量。结果表明:性别因素对IMF影响显著(母羊高于公羊),对豆蔻酸、棕榈油酸影响显著,同时对H-FABP、ACC和ACC基因有显著影响;相关性分析表明,H-FABP与IMF含量、棕榈油酸具有正相关性,ATGL与IMF含量呈负相关,FAS与油酸、CLA具有正相关,与α-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸呈负相关。综上,性别因素对H-FABP、ACC基因影响显著,同时发现H-FABP与IMF含量呈正相关,进而导致母羊IMF显著高于公羊。     

生物素对营养代谢调控的研究进展

<正>生物素(Biotin)又称维生素H,是一种水溶性维生素,是动物必需的一种营养物质。生物素作为乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)、丙酮酸羧化酶(PC)、丙酰辅酶A羧化酶(PCC)和3-甲基丁烯酰辅酶A羧化酶(MCC)的辅     

苜蓿总黄酮对小鼠脂类代谢及氧自由基的影响

为了明确观察苜蓿总黄酮（TFA）对小鼠脂类代谢和氧自由基的影响,给5周龄的小白鼠灌胃TFA,连续1周后,采用生化方法测定小鼠全血中甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量,并且检测小鼠肝脏和肾脏组织中过氧化物歧化酶的活性和丙二醛的含量。结果显示：灌胃TFA的小鼠全血中甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量明显降低（P＜0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量升高。小鼠的肝脏和肾脏组织匀浆中过氧化物歧化酶的活性显著升高（P＜0.05),丙二醛的含量降低。因此得出结论：TFA具有降血脂、降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、预防和减轻动脉硬化的作用;同时也具有抑制氧自由基损伤防止脂质过氧化的作用。     

玉米RNA对小鼠脂肪沉积的影响

本试验旨在探讨玉米RNA对小鼠脂肪沉积的影响.将20只28日龄C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为2组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只小鼠.对照组灌服生理盐水,试验组灌服玉米RNA(100μg/d),试验期4周.试验结束时检测小鼠的生长性能、血清生化指标、体组成、体成像、器官指数及脂肪相关基因的表达.结果显示:试验组小鼠体重和附...     

三七总皂苷亚慢性毒性试验研究

[目的]评价三七总皂苷(PNS)用药安全性,为临床用药提供参考依据。[方法]将40只昆明系小白鼠随机分为4组,每组10只,3个药物处理组小鼠通过腹腔注射的方式分别给予11.34、56.70、113.40mg/(kg·BW)的PNS,每天1次,连续给药14d;空白对照组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水0.3mL/只,连续注射14d。测定并比较各组小鼠在试验期间的体重、脏器指数(肝脏、脾脏、肾脏指数)以及血液生化指标;取各组小鼠肝脏、脾脏、肾脏组织,制备病理组织切片,利用显微镜观察上述组织是否出现病理变化。[结果]3个PNS给药组小鼠在试验期间的体重与空白对照组小鼠相比,均无显著性差异(P>0.05);11.34mg/(kg·BW)PNS组小鼠的脾脏指数显著低于空白对照组(P<0.05);113.40mg/(kg·BW)PNS组小鼠的谷草转氨酶活力和肌酐含量显著低于空白对照组(P<0.05),而尿素氮含量显著升高(P<0.05);病理组织学观察结果表明,PNS对肝脏、脾脏、肾脏组织无明显损伤。[结论]PNS实际无毒,长期用药会产生肾毒性,提示用药不宜过量。     

营养强化低脂羊奶粉对幼龄动物生长发育及血脂的影响

[目的]研究营养强化低脂羊奶粉对幼龄动物生长发育及脂肪含量的影响。[方法]给予幼龄SD大鼠营养强化低脂羊奶粉,试验周期42天。测定动物生长发育指标（体重、体长）、食物利用率、甘油三酯、胆固醇,及体内脂肪和股骨骨密度。[结果]营养强化低脂羊奶粉组与空白组比较,生长发育指标（体重、体长）无不良影响,股骨骨密度明显升高（P<0.01）,营养强化低脂羊奶粉对体脂无明显影响。[结论]营养强化低脂羊奶粉可促进幼龄SD大鼠骨骼生长,对血脂含量及体脂率无影响。     

Capsosiphon fulvescens extracts improve obesity‐associated metabolic disorders and hepatic steatosis in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice

Herbal dietary supplements have attracted more and more attention owing to their relative effectiveness in obesity ‐related metabolic disorders and diseases. This study investigated the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) extracts on obesity, their associated metabolic disorders and hepatic steatosis in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with normal, HFD/Vehicle and HFD/CF (orally 300 mg/kg/day for CF). After 12 weeks, CF blocked HFD‐induced body weight, food intake, liver weight, hepatic triglyceride (TG), fat mass (weight of abdominal subcutaneous fat and epididymal adipose tissue) and biochemical parameters (total cohlesterol, glucose, TG, creatinine, high‐density lipoproteins cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) of serum. CF also had improved serum levels of adiponectin, leptin and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in HFD/CF mice. Moreover, CF ameliorated the hepatic steatosis‐reducing size of white adipose tissue. These results indicate that CF have anti‐obesity effects and are effective for reducing metabolic risk and hepatic steatosis.     

Biologic activity of dirlotapide, a novel microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor, for weight loss in obese dogs

Dirlotapide is a novel microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor intended for the treatment and management of obesity in dogs. The biologic effects of dirlotapide, weight loss, decreased food intake, increased fecal fat, decreased serum cholesterol, and body composition, were evaluated in a controlled, blinded study. Sixteen obese beagles were randomized to treatment with placebo ( n  = 4) or dirlotapide ( n  = 12) following a 2-week acclimation period in which baseline data were collected. The dirlotapide dose, adjusted to produce weight loss for 3 months and then stabilize body weight for 1 month (weight management), produced a significant difference (expressed as a percentage of baselines) in weekly weight loss, food intake, fecal fat, serum cholesterol concentration, and body composition (measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) compared with placebo treatment ( P  < 0.05). The initial dirlotapide dosage of 0.5 mg/kg (10 times the initial label dose) resulted in a high rate of weight loss (3.3% weekly) and anorexia, emesis, and loose stools for some dogs. A 25% dose reduction (mean dosage: 0.36 mg/kg) followed by biweekly 25% dose adjustments based on individual weight loss, produced 1–2% weekly weight loss and total weight loss of 18.8% in 12 weeks at a final mean dosage of 0.41 mg/kg (range: 0.15–0.60); a dosage range of 0.10–0.34 mg/kg stabilized body weight. Body weight changes for placebo-treated dogs were −0.8% to +0.9% weekly; total weight gain during the weight loss phase was 10.6%. No apparent change in food intake, percentage of fecal fat, and serum cholesterol was observed in the placebo group. Food intake and body weight increased when dirlotapide was discontinued. Dirlotapide produced weight loss by both reducing appetite (about 90% of the weight loss activity) and by increasing fecal fat excretion (about 10% of the weight loss activity).     

地菍总黄酮对胰岛素抵抗小鼠的干预作用及机制研究

本研究旨在探讨地菍总黄酮（TFMD）对胰岛素抵抗（IR）小鼠的干预作用及其机制。试验以灌胃高脂乳剂建立胰岛素抵抗小鼠模型，同时灌胃给予地菍总黄酮混悬液（高剂量（600 mg/kg）、中剂量（300 mg/kg）及低剂量（150 mg/kg））进行治疗，治疗周期为30 d。试验结束后测定小鼠血清中空腹血清胰岛素（FINS）、空腹血糖（FBG）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）、血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）及高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平；利用实时荧光定量PCR法检测各组小鼠肝脏中胰岛素受体（InsR）、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ（PPAR-γ）及骨骼肌中葡萄糖转运体4（GLUT4）的mRNA表达水平；利用免疫组化技术检测各组小鼠肝脏中InsR、PPAR-γ和骨骼肌中GLUT4的蛋白表达水平。结果显示，与模型组相比，地菍总黄酮能降低IR小鼠的体重，降低血清FBG、FINS及HOMA-IR水平，升高ISI水平（P<0.01，P<0.05）；降低血清TG、TC及LDL含量，升高HDL含量（P<0.01，P<0.05）；同时提高IR小鼠肝脏中InsR、PPAR-γ及骨骼肌中GLUT4的mRNA表达量，提高小鼠肝脏InsR、PPAR-γ及骨骼肌中GLUT4的蛋白表达水平（P<0.01，P<0.05）。以上试验结果证实，地菍总黄酮能有效缓解小鼠试验性胰岛素抵抗症状，该活性与调节糖脂代谢、增强胰岛素敏感性有关。     

Study on the Intervention Effect and Mechanism on Insulin Resistant Mice of Total Flavone from Melastoma dodecandrum Lour.

This experiment was conducted to explore the intervention effect and mechanism on insulin resistance (IR) mice of total flavonoids from Melastoma dodecandrum Lour.(TFMD).The model of IR mice was established by intragastric administration of high-fat emulsion,while 600,300 and 150 mg/kg TFMD were administered once daily for 30 days.After the end of the experiment the mices' fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting serum insulin (FINS),serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein(HDL) were determined.The mRNA expression level of liver insulin receptor(InsR),fat peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ),and glucose transporter 4 gene (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle were detected by Real-time quantative PCR,and the protein levels were detected by immunohistoche mical method.The results showed that TDMF could reduce the body weight of IR mice,decrease the level of serum FBG,FINS and HOMA-IR,increase the level of ISI,decrease the content of serum TG,TC and LDL,and increase the content of HDL(P<0.01,P<0.05);And the mRNA expression of INSR,PPAR-γ in liver and GLUT4 in skeletal muscle of IR mice were increased(P<0.01,P<0.05),and the protein expression level of InsR,PPAR-γ in liver and GLUT4 in skeletal muscle of IR mice were increased(P<0.01,P<0.05).The results confirmed that the TFMD could relieve experimental insulin resistance in mice,and the activity was related to the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and the enhancement of insulin sensitivity.     

Differences in triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism and resistance to obesity in male and female vitamin D receptor knockout mice

A lean phenotype has been detected in vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockout mice; however, the gender differences in fat metabolism between male and female mice both with age and in response to a high‐fat diet have not been studied before. The objective of our study was to assess changes in body and fat tissue weight, food intake and serum cholesterol and triglyceride in VDR knockout mice from weaning to adulthood and after a challenge of adult animals with a high‐fat diet. Although VDR knockout mice of both sexes consumed more food than wild‐type and heterozygous littermates, their body weight and the weight of fat depots was lower after 6 months on a diet with 5% crude fat content. When adult animals were challenged with a high‐fat diet containing 21% crude fat content for 8 weeks, VDR knockout mice of both sexes had a significantly higher food intake but gained less weight than their wild‐type littermates. Cholesterol levels were higher after 2 days on the high‐fat diet in both sexes, but in the VDR knockout mice, less cholesterol was detected in the serum after 8 weeks. Wild‐type male mice showed signs of fatty liver disease at the end of the experiment, which was not detected in the other groups. In conclusion, lack of the VDR receptor results in reduced fat accumulation with age and when adult mice are fed a high‐fat diet, despite a higher food intake of VDR knockout mice relative to their wild‐type littermates. These effects can be detected in both sexes. Wild‐type male mice react with the highest weight gain and cholesterol levels of all groups and develop fatty liver disease after 8 weeks on a high‐fat diet, while male VDR knockout mice appear to be protected.