黄瓜雌性系诱雄方法研究

黄瓜雌性系的诱雄效果和幼苗大小、诱雄药剂、药剂浓度及处理次数均有关系.本试验试图分析各因素对诱雄效果的影响,为黄瓜雌性系诱雄提供参考.结果表明,药剂处理次数、药剂种类、处理时期对诱雄均有极显著影响.幼苗三叶一心时诱雄效果非常显著,好于其它处理.硝酸银的诱雄效果非常显著,好于赤霉素.药剂900mg·L-1时诱雄效果最好.喷施3次的诱雄效果非常显著地好于其他处理.高浓度的硝酸银会对植株造成严重伤害,赤霉素则较安全.     

黄瓜雌性系诱雄方法研究

黄瓜雌性系的诱雄效果和幼苗大小、诱雄药剂、药剂浓度及处理次数均有关系。本试验试图分析各因素对诱雄效果的影响,为黄瓜雌性系诱雄提供参考。结果表明,药剂处理次数、药剂种类、处理时期对诱雄均有极显著影响。幼苗三叶一心时诱雄效果非常显著,好于其它处理。硝酸银的诱雄效果非常显著,好于赤霉素。药剂900mg·L-1时诱雄效果最好。喷施3次的诱雄效果非常显著地好于其他处理。高浓度的硝酸银会对植株造成严重伤害,赤霉素则较安全。     

黄瓜雌性系不同处理方式诱雄试验

黄瓜属于葫芦科甜瓜属,是雌雄同株异花的蔬菜作物.一代杂种优势明显,增产效果显著.利用黄瓜雌性系制种可免除人工去雄或人工杂交的麻烦,在生产上广泛使用.但是雌性系本身无雄花,致使雌性系的自身繁殖非常困难.国外关于雌性系的繁殖通常是以配套的全同株系给其授粉,以获得种子;或利用化学药剂处理幼苗诱雄[2].国内主要用赤霉素,硝酸银和硫代硫酸银作诱雄剂,但对其具体使用方法和技术,意见不一致[1,3].本试验的目的在于比较两种诱雄剂AgNO3和Ag2S2O3的使用效果,寻找最佳处理时期及最低喷施浓度和次数,为现有雌性系选育和繁殖提供可靠的依据和方法.     

黄瓜雌性系诱雄方法研究

以欧洲温室型黄瓜雌性系 6 5G为试材 ,研究了不同化学试剂 (硝酸银和硫代硫酸银 )及其浓度和处理时期(一叶一心和三叶一心、二叶一心和四叶一心及三叶一心和五叶一心 )对诱雄效果的影响。结果表明 ,4 0 0mg/kg(毫克 /公斤 )的硝酸银于黄瓜二叶一心和四叶一心时喷施 ,可取得最佳效果 ,具体表现为所诱导的雄花数目多 ,第一雄花出现的节位低 ,死株率低。     

水果黄瓜雌性系诱雄效果及其应用

为了研究不同化学试剂(赤霉素、硝酸银和硫代硫酸银)不同处理时期对黄瓜雌性系诱雄效果的影响。以水果黄瓜雌性系‘B51’为试验材料,分别在不同苗龄喷施诱雄剂,统计诱导雄花数量。结果表明:不同试剂相同时间喷施,诱导雄花产生的节位及集中出雄节位基本一致;不同时期,即1叶1心、2叶1心和3叶1心期喷施同一化学试剂产生的雄花数无显著差异(20节内);硫代硫酸银(600 mg·L~(-1))溶液诱雄效果最佳,表现为20节内出现的雄花数量最多。该结果对雌性系黄瓜育种材料的雌性筛选及保持具有重要的指导意义。     

雌性系黄瓜诱雄制种技术

在黄瓜花芽分化时期,少量雌性系植株用硝酸银、赤霉素等诱导可抑制黄瓜雌花原基发育,促使其形成雄花,为其它雌性系植株授粉,从而使雌性系得以保存。近年来我们在酒泉地区示范推广黄瓜雌性系化学诱雄制种技术,并取得了显著的经济效益。     

不同诱雄试剂对黄瓜诱雄效果的比较试验

研究不同诱雄试剂(赤霉素、硝酸银和硫代硫酸银)的不同浓度对黄瓜诱雄效果的影响.结果表明,800mg·L-1GA溶液或600mg·L-1 Ag2S2O3溶液诱雄效果较好,通过调查分析600mg·L-1Ag2S2O3溶液诱雄后有死苗现象,GA溶液配制比较简单,所以生产上大面积使用建议用800mg·L-1GA溶液诱雄,就能得到理想的结果.该结果对生产中黄瓜材料的诱雄技术具有重要指导意义和应用价值.     

硝酸银对黄瓜雌性系的诱雄效应

黄瓜雌性系用作母本,可以降低杂种种子的生产成本。但是,雌性株本身没有雄花,致使雌性系大量繁殖和保持全雌性状的难题长时间未获解决。Beger首次应用硝酸银为诱雄剂成功地使一个黄瓜雌性系产生雄花;Ponti等进一步证实了硝酸银的诱雄效果;国内从80年代初也尝试应用硝酸银诱导黄瓜雌性系产生雄花,证明硝酸银诱雄有效。纵观国内外的研究报道,因使用材料不同,所得试验结果不尽一致,而且这些试验都是单因素试验,对因素间的互     

半胚法黄瓜雌性系诱雄效应研究

半胚法黄瓜雌性系诱雄效应研究韩勇（黑龙江省农科院园艺研究所·哈尔滨）黄瓜杂交一代制种过程中的人工母本去雄费时费工，而且不及时又会影响一代杂种的纯度。采用黄瓜雌性系作母本，可省去母本去雄的环节，从而大大降低杂交制种的生产成本，同时也保证了一代杂种的纯度...     

黄瓜雌性系——化学药剂诱雄方法研究（摘要）

以荷兰雌性系黄瓜171为试材，研究了硝酸银不同含量和处理时期（一叶一心和三叶一心、二叶一心和四叶一心及三叶一心和五叶一心）对诱雄效果的影响。结果表明，400毫克／千克的硝酸银于黄瓜二卧一心和四叶一心时喷施，     

The effect of temperature on formation and abortion of flower buds in gynoecious cucumber plants

Plants were grown at 15, 21 or 27°C. Fewer buds were formed at high than at low temperature. At all 3 temperatures, some of the buds aborted. However, the differences in numbers of buds between temperatures did not disappear. Transfer of the plants from 27 to 21°C did not raise the number of buds formed in nodes of which the leaf primordia had already been formed. Therefore, it is plausible that the number of flower buds is determined at a very early stage of node development.     

Growth and abortion of flower buds in gynoecious cucumber plants in relation to temperature

The growth of flower buds in a gynoecious cucumber cultivar was studied at 15, 21 and 27°C. Competition between buds in the same node was measured as the ratio of the growth rates of individual buds. This competition was stronger at 21 and 27 than at 15°C. At 15°C, at least 3 buds were about equally strong; at 21°C, 2 buds developed fast and suppressed the other buds; at 27°C, the first bud which developed suppressed all other buds. When plants were transferred from one temperature to another, the growth-rate ratio between buds in older nodes was maintained. In nodes formed in the new temperature regime, the growth-rate ratio was determined by the new temperature.     

硝酸银和硫代硫酸银对籽瓜强雌系的诱雄效果

瓜类强雌系可用于简化人工杂交制种,通过选取硝酸银和硫代硫酸银作为诱雄剂,对籽瓜强雌系幼苗进行诱雄处理,为籽瓜强雌系扩繁保存提供理论依据。以籽瓜强雌系‘DK1’为试材,采用不同浓度的硝酸银(100、300、500、700 mg·L-1)和硫代硫酸银(300、600、900、1 200 mg·L-1)溶液在幼苗第1～3片真叶平展期分别进行不同喷施次数(1次、2次、3次)处理,统计比较了2种诱雄剂不同浓度及次数处理后植株主蔓第5～20节位内两性花、雄花、雌花和败育花的数量。结果表明,300 mg·L-1硝酸银和900 mg·L-1硫代硫酸银喷施3次诱导两性花的效果最佳,其中硫代硫酸银溶液的诱导两性花数量优于硝酸银溶液。生产上可参考此诱雄方法扩繁籽瓜强雌系。     

硝酸银和赤霉素对西瓜雌性系诱雄效果的影响

为了探索硝酸银和赤霉素对西瓜雌性系诱雄效果及生长发育的影响,以雌雄异花同株材料‘XHB’和‘TS409’及其血缘相同的两个雌性系突变体‘XHBGM’和‘TGS409’为试材,于春、秋两季,在西瓜苗期喷施不同质量浓度的硝酸银(100、300、500 mg·L~(-1))和赤霉素(500、1 000、1 500 mg·L~(-1)),调查了处理后植株高度、茎粗度等生长指标及各单株前30个节位内雄花、雌花、两性花的数量。结果表明,赤霉素可促使雌雄异花同株材料产生更多的雄花,但在雌性系材料上无明显的诱雄效果,植株表现徒长现象,植株高度、节间长度明显增加,茎粗度、叶片叶绿素含量显著降低。硝酸银在雌性系和雌雄异花同株材料上均可诱导产生两性花,秋季效果更为明显,且质量浓度越高,诱雄效果越好,但高质量浓度的硝酸银对植株生长产生抑制作用,甚至导致植物死亡;300 mg·L~(-1)是诱导西瓜雌性系有效产生两性花的最佳质量浓度,对植株伤害较小,秋季诱雄效果更佳,生产上可采用此方法来繁殖西瓜雌性系。     

Genetics and molecular mapping of gynoecious (F) locus in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Gynoecious is an important economic trait of cucumber for determinant of earliness and yield, yet genetic mechanism is not well understood for this trait. The experiment was conducted using F₂ mapping population by crossing of PPC-2, a gynoecious and parthenocarpic line with Pusa Uday (monoecious and non-parthenocarpic cultivar). Out of 179 SSR markers screened, 39 markers differentiated the gynoecious and monoecious parents. However, only 17 markers were segregating with F₂ mapping population, those were used for genotyping and linkage map analysis and these markers were placed along with F locus on chromosome 6 covering a total distance of 100.4cM. The SSR markers, SSR13251 and UW020605 were found to be closely linked to gynoecious (F) locus at 1.0 and 4.5 cM, respectively. The segregation of F₂ population of PPC-2 × Pusa Uday and GPC-1 × Punjab Naveen and test crosses for sex type herein suggested that single dominant gene controlled the gynoecious sex expression in cucumber particularly in gynoecious genotypes PPC-2 and GPC-1. Therefore, the monogenic dominant nature of gynoecious sex identified in the present experiment and SSR markers closely linked to the F locus will be useful in marker-assisted backcross breeding for transfering gynoecious trait into horticulturally desirable varieties.     

Effect of pollination on cell division,cell enlargement,and endogenous hormones in fruit development in a gynoecious cucumber

To study the effect of pollination on fruit development in gynoecious and parthenocarpic cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. cv. NK × AN8), the number of cells, cell size, mitotic index, histone H4 gene expression, and concentrations of endogenous cytokinins and auxin were compared in fruits that had developed from pollinated and non-pollinated flowers. Fresh weight was more in the pollinated group 4–12 days after anthesis (DAA) in both winter and spring, and 2–6 DAA in the summer. In winter, mitotic index increased from anthesis to 2 DAA and then decreased gradually in the pollinated group but immediately after anthesis in the non-pollinated group. Histone H4 gene in the pericarp zone was expressed more strongly during the period from pre-anthesis to 2 DAA in the pollinated group in summer. Concentrations of zeatin, isopentenyladenine, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were higher in the non-pollinated group 2 and 4 DAA and peaked 4 DAA in spring whereas isopentenyladenine and IAA showed no distinct peaks in the pollinated group. These results are incompatible with the idea that pollination activates cell division by stimulating the synthesis of cytokinins and auxin in cucumber fruits.     

外源多胺对核桃雌雄花芽分化的影响

核桃是我国重要的干果树种 ,有良好的食用价值和医药价值 ,也是出口创汇的重要农产品之一 ,但由于产量低导致经济效益不高。核桃低产的重要原因之一是雄花量过多 ,消耗大量营养物质 ,严重影响雌花的分化与发育。郗荣庭等 [1 ] 研究表明 ,在雄花芽未萌动或刚萌动时疏除 90 %～ 95 %雄花芽 ,可使核桃坐果率提高 15 %～ 2 2 %。但因人工疏雄工作量大 ,难以在生产上大面积应用。因此 ,人为调节雌雄花芽分化 ,有效控制雄花芽数量具有重要的意义。多胺是植物体内具有广泛生物活性的含氮碱 ,与遗传物质的合成、器官的分化及内源激素的平衡等有着密…     

不同砧木对嫁接黄瓜性状的效果研究

本试验采用不同砧木嫁接黄瓜，从各种性状分析不同砧木对嫁接黄瓜的影响，为我市嫁接技术栽培黄瓜适宜砧木的选择和利用提供依据。     

对黄瓜冬暖大棚高产栽培技术的探究

利用冬暖大棚栽培越冬黄瓜,在华北各省区有近二十年的历史;山东省栽培面积达70万亩以上,亩产量平均为7500kg,最高达30000kg。相当多的冬暖大棚亩产量不足5000kg究其原因,主要有如下栽培技术需要探讨。一、高投入并没有高产出黄瓜的产量高、根系浅、吸肥力弱,需肥多当其生育条件