社会资本能否缓解农户正规信贷需求抑制?——基于4省粮食种植户的实证分析

为了解粮食经营户不同类型社会资本对信贷需求抑制的影响,基于对四川、河南、浙江和黑龙江4省1 030户粮食种植户的调研数据,采用两阶段Heckman模型研究社会资本是否会抑制农户的信贷需求,并运用Tobit模型研究社会资本对农户信贷需求抑制程度的影响。结果表明,65.7%的粮食种植户受到信贷需求抑制,其中受到部分信贷需求抑制的比例为48.4%;社会资本变量中,社会关系因子、亲戚政治因子和组织关系显著影响农户的信贷需求抑制和信贷需求抑制程度,信任因子、金融关系变量和政治关系变量对信贷需求抑制和信贷需求抑制程度的影响不显著;此外,社会资本对资金需求小户的影响更为显著。基于以上结果,从政府角度而言,本研究指出要重视高社会资本易获得贷款这种外部因素而造成的社会不公平情况,警惕可能导致的贫富分化和社会不公平问题,并在此基础上提出相关建议;从金融机构角度,本研究提出了发展普惠金融的建议。     

农民消费现状及主要特征分析

近年来,农村经济快速发展,农民收入增加,农民消费状况有所改善。农民衣着消费金额增加且比重下降,人均居住消费支出不断增加,教育支出和医疗保健支出受到政策影响有所减少,交通消费价格指数和文化娱乐消费价格指数有所上升,农民生活质量提高,消费结构趋于合理。     

内蒙古自治区牧民收支情况分析——以锡林郭勒盟镶黄旗为例

基于对内蒙古锡林郭勒盟镶黄旗牧民家庭的入户调查数据,分析了2008、2009年西部地区牧民家庭的收入与消费结构。结果表明:牧民收入来源单一,以家畜出售为主,抗风险能力差;消费支出中饲草料购置比重最大,且增长迅速,其次是食品、教育、医疗等支出,住房方面政策补贴较多。牧民的收入与消费特点是由自然因素、市场因素、政策因素和自身因素共同决定的,基于此,提出了牧民提高收入、改善消费结构的对策建议:牧民要提高养殖技术,科学养殖,增加收入,且要转变消费观念,适度储蓄,增强抗风险能力;政府要加大对牧区的财政补贴力度,加强对牧民的教育、培训和医疗保健投入,提高牧民素质。     

盆地经验与中国农业文化的生态节制景观

长期的盆地生态经验,对中国农业文化的发展有非常重要的意义.盆地作为一种具有明确边界、相对稳定而又利于防御的景观,对家园意识、后嗣道德、内源需求导向的自力型经济的发展,都有促进作用;资源的有限性和空间的隔离性导致人口长期处于近饱和状态.盆地的这些效应都有利于盆地农业文化生态节制行为的发展,并实现资源和环境的持续利用.村落分布的边缘优先原则、“风水林”的保护和水资源的合理分配和再利用等,都是中国农业生态节制行为的典型.由于独特的盆地经验,中国农业文化的生态节制行为并不是以单一资源的持续利用为目的,而是以整体农业生态环境和居住环境的保护和持续利用为目的的,因而具有鲜明的特色和深远的意义,值得我们珍重.     

自我信贷配给、农村家庭财务能力与非正规借贷——基于江苏省495户农村家庭的调查

通过建立分位数回归模型,分析了自我信贷配给农村家庭财务能力水平与其非正规借贷规模之间的关系,实证结果显示：具有自我信贷配给特征的农村家庭,家庭财务能力与非正规借贷数量显著正相关;其中财务能力较低组农村家庭,其财务能力与借贷规模呈显著负相关关系;财务能力中等组农村家庭,其借贷规模受到财务能力的正向影响;财务能力较高组农村家庭,其借贷规模受到财务能力的正向影响越大。从而验证了我国农村“越穷越借,越借越穷”与“量入为出,不愿负债”并存的现象。因此,加强农村金融知识培训与普及、引导农村居民形成理性财务思维,提高农村家庭财务能力将有助于农村家庭更好地通过使用非正规借贷优化家庭财务效用。     

基于养生理念的养老社区景观设计研究

为了探求具有中国特色的田园式休闲养老社区景观设计开发模式,对基于养生理念的养老社区景观设计进行了研究,在对老年人进行心理、行为分析及了解老年人对养老社区需求的基础上,进一步探究景观设计原则与方法,同时对比分析了华东地区三个较有代表性的养生养老社区——中慈华林安老养生园、江南养生文化村、华东金陵天泉胡养老,研究发现当代养生养老社区具有位于城市近郊、生态环境优越,医疗系统融入传统中医"治未病"的理念,将田园体验融入景观等特点。     

基于KMOD核函数的SVM方法在信用评分中的应用

中小企业贷款难问题是目前困扰这些企业迅速发展的重要因素,国内外对这一问题成因进行了诸多研究与分析.从我国银行治理结构特点的这一独特视角出发,结合信贷配给理论,对不同治理结构下银行信贷行为进行建模与比较分析发现,银行治理结构通过影响银行信贷选择行为,将会对信贷市场配给程度以及中小企业获得贷款的可能性产生重要影响.     

金银花的药用价值与产业化发展——以湖南隆回县为例

本文介绍了金银花的成分、疾病治疗和健康保健等药用价值;分析了隆回县发展金银花产业的优越自然生态环境条件;阐述了隆回县采取政府支持,进行农村土地互换,农村土地入股发展金银花产业的成功经验,在整合公司、农户、政府各主体的优势资源、实现现代农业的规模经营等方面做出了重要探索。提出以龙头企业控股的股份有限公司和农民合作社为核心的一体化经营,构建生产、加工、仓储、销售于一体的产业链,进行农村土地产权制度的改革等促进农村产业化发展的对策。     

Small area variations in health care delivery

Health information about total populations is a prerequisite for sound decision-making and planning in the health care field. Experience with a population-based health data system in Vermont reveals that there are wide variations in resource input, utilization of services, and expenditures among neighboring communities. Results show prima facie inequalities in the input of resources that are associated with income transfer from areas of lower expenditure to areas of higher expenditure. Variations in utilization indicate that there is considerable uncertainty about the effectiveness of different levels of aggregate, as well as specific kinds of, health services. Informed choices in the public regulation of the health care sector require knowledge of the relation between medical care systems and the population groups being served, and they should take into account the effect of regulation on equality and effectiveness. When population-based data on small areas are available, decisions to expand hospitals, currently based on institutional pressures, can take into account a community's regional ranking in regard to bed input and utilization rates. Proposals by hospitals for unit price increases and the regulation of the actuarial rate of insurance programs can be evaluated in terms of per capita expenditures and income transfer between geographically defined populations. The PSRO's can evaluate the wide variations in level of services among residents of different communities. Coordinated exercise of the authority vested in these regulatory programs may lead to explicit strategies to deal directly with inequality and uncertainty concerning the effectiveness of health care delivery. Population-based health information systems, because they can provide information on the performance of health care systems and regulatory agencies, are an important step in the development of rational public policy for health.     

基于AIDS模型的西安市农村居民消费结构分析

选取西安市农村居民为对象,运用AIDS模型分析西安市农村居民消费结构,认为增加文化娱乐和医疗保健的消费是增加收入的主要途径。     

籽瓜养生保健作用研究

籽瓜具有较高的药用保健价值。文章对籽瓜营养成分、养生价值和目前已开发出的相关产品进行了概述,为全民养生保健提供科学资料。     

Spending money on others promotes happiness

Although much research has examined the effect of income on happiness, we suggest that how people spend their money may be at least as important as how much money they earn. Specifically, we hypothesized that spending money on other people may have a more positive impact on happiness than spending money on oneself. Providing converging evidence for this hypothesis, we found that spending more of one's income on others predicted greater happiness both cross-sectionally (in a nationally representative survey study) and longitudinally (in a field study of windfall spending). Finally, participants who were randomly assigned to spend money on others experienced greater happiness than those assigned to spend money on themselves.     

Balancing life-style and genomics research for disease prevention

Genetic and environmental factors, including diet and life-style, both contribute to cardiovascular disease, cancers, and other major causes of mortality, but various lines of evidence indicate that environmental factors are most important. Overly enthusiastic expectations regarding the benefits of genetic research for disease prevention have the potential to distort research priorities and spending for health. However, integration of new genetic information into epidemiologic studies can help clarify causal relations between both life-style and genetic factors and risks of disease. Thus, a balanced approach should provide the best data to make informed choices about the most effective means to prevent disease.     

灵芝在保健食品中的应用研究进展

灵芝素有"仙草""瑞草"之称,化学成分复杂,具有很高的营养食用、药用和保健价值。大量科学研究表明,灵芝具有增强免疫力、抗肿瘤、对化学性肝损伤有辅助保护作用、抗氧化和降血糖等保健功能。阐述了灵芝在保健食品中的应用现状、存在问题及前景展望,为灵芝在保健品中的应用发展提供参考。     

The health sector's share of the gross national product

Between 1947 and 1987 expenditures for health care in the United States grew 2.5 percent per annum faster than expenditures for other goods and services. The health sector's share of the gross national product rose from well under 5 percent in the late 1940s to more than 11 percent in the late 1980s. The expenditures gap has two components: health care prices rose 1.6 percent per annum more rapidly than other prices, while the quantity of health care grew 0.9 percent per annum faster than other quantities. Many factors, including wages, productivity, technology, and insurance contributed to these trends. No single explanation suffices, and no simple solution is apparent.     

稻株内源iPA和GAs变化与再生芽的关系

采用中国农业大学提供的植物激素ELISA方法,研究了杂交水稻中后期各器官中内源激素iPA和GAs的变化及其与再生芽萌发生长的相关性。结果表明,内源激素iPA,GAs变化与再生芽萌发生长关系密切;头季稻齐穗后5d至19d植株内源激素iPA,尤其是GAs的含量较低,而稻穗中内源激素含量水平相对较高,再生芽生长缓慢或处于休眠状态;齐穗19d以后,随着稻穗中内源激素含量水平的降低,稻株叶、鞘和茎、芽中内源促进类激素iPA,GAs含量水平的增加,再生芽萌发、伸长的速度相应加快;齐穗后19d下部节茎中iPA,GAs含量水平高于上部节茎,低位芽长于高位芽;齐穗后26d,33d上部节住茎、芽的内源iPA,GAs整体含量高于下部节位,上位芽生长速度快于下位芽。表明在一定条件下提高内源激素的整体含量,能打破再生芽的休眠,促进其萌发生长。     

Mad cow disease. New recruits for French prion research

As panic over "mad cow disease" engulfs France and threatens to spread to other countries in Western Europe, French research minister Roger-Gérard Schwartzenberg last week unveiled detailed plans for spending $27 million the government has earmarked for prion disease research in 2001. Next year's budget for studying prions--infectious, abnormal proteins linked to bovine spongiform encephalopathy and its human form, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease--will triple France's current prion research spending.     

城乡基本公共产品需求比较研究

目前我国已经进入公共产品需求快速扩张时期，人们对满足吃穿的温饱需求已开始转为对教育、医疗、卫生等基本公共产品的需求。为了更好统筹城乡公共产品供给，充分满足城乡居民的需求，有必要了解城乡居民对公共产品的需求状况，并对其进行比较，以居民需求导向为依据，建立和完善我国基本公共产品供给体系。     

茶多酚抗氧化作用的研究

根据世界卫生组织报道,癌症、糖尿病、肥胖症、心血管系统疾病等是目前全球发病率较高,严重危害人类健康的疾病,已成为医学和生物制药领域攻克的目标和研究热点。而开发利用天然药物及天然抗氧化剂已成为21世纪生物医学、食品科学及现代农业的一个重要研究内容。茶多酚是目前尚不能人工合成的纯天然、多功能、高效能的抗氧化剂和自由基净化剂,具有抗氧化、抗癌、抗突变、降血脂、降血压等多种药用价值及保健功能。近年来茶多酚的保健功能研究一直是国内外研究的热点之一。以国内外研究结果为依据,阐述了茶多酚抗氧化作用机理、特性及国内外的发展情况,为充分发挥茶多酚在生产实践中的作用提供参考。     

朝鲜族医药理论的特点

通过对延边地区少数民族特色医药学与中医药学进行比较,阐述了朝鲜族在固有文化的基础上,吸收中医药学的理论,结合本民族防病治病的经验逐步形成的该地区特殊的医学理论体系、诊疗方法和的保健方法。