鄂尔多斯沙地草场鼠类组成及动态初步研究

１９９１－１９９５年４－１０月,每月中旬进行鼠类生态学定点研究,在内蒙古鄂尔多斯沙地草场调查鼠类的组成和数量,共布放１０１８４５个夹日,捕获鼠６ ３２５只。经鉴定隶属于４科９种,分别为达乌尔黄鼠,三趾跳鼠,五趾跳鼠,黑线仓鼠,小毛足鼠,子午沙鼠,长爪沙鼠,褐家鼠和小家鼠。     

天祝县灭鼠工作取得成效

鼠类的危害是我县草原生产力下降的主要原因之一。主要鼠害有中华鼢鼠、长爪沙鼠、蒙古黄鼠、旱獭、达乌尔鼠兔。分布面积达229.5万亩,占草原总面积的40.5%。尤以中华鼢鼠的危害为重。据对永丰乡12.26万亩草场     

草原和农田几种主要鼠种数量动态研究及预测

2007年4～10月,在内蒙古呼和浩特郊区和锡林郭勒草原分别对长爪沙鼠、黑线仓鼠、五趾跳鼠和布氏田鼠进行了种群数量动态和预测研究.根据2007年实地调查数据,利用已经建立的预测模型,分别对上述4种鼠2008年的数量作出预测:预测2008年上述两地长爪沙鼠数量均不多,不致形成危害;黑线仓鼠2008年春季捕获率为0.97±0.48%～1.49±0.59%,秋季捕获率为0.52%,也不会形成危害;2007年五趾跳鼠捕获率0.06%,预测2008年该鼠数量也不多,不会造成危害;锡林郭勒草原2007年布氏田鼠年捕获率为1.67%,预测2008年布氏田鼠数量仍处在低谷期,不会形成大面积危害,但局部地方,如锡林浩特市郊的草场春季可能增多,应作好防治的准备工作.建议建立草原鼠类数量长期监测点,开展预测预报,在鼠的数量上升之前采取主动防治措施,把鼠密度长期控制在危害阈值之下,实现草原鼠害的持续控制.     

鄂尔多斯沙地不同生境中啮齿动物的生态位特征

采用Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度指数和Pianka生态位重叠指数对鄂尔多斯库布齐沙地东缘的7种不同生境中的啮齿动物群落进行研究,结果显示:鄂尔多斯沙地7种生境中共有7种啮齿动物分布,其中小毛足鼠的生态位宽度值最高,为0.99。在不同季节,夏季、秋季生态位宽度值最高的为小毛足鼠,生态位宽度值分别为0.99、0.97,春季生态位宽度值最高的为子午沙鼠,为0.60。夏季、秋季生态位宽度指数为0的鼠种为五趾跳鼠,春季生态位宽度指数为0鼠种除五趾跳鼠外还有三趾跳鼠、长爪沙鼠和黑线仓鼠。三趾跳鼠和子午沙鼠的生态位重叠指数最高,为0.90,五趾跳鼠和黑线仓鼠的生态位重叠指数最低,为0.09。春季、夏季、秋季生态位重叠指数最高的鼠种不同,表现出季节差异;春季、夏季、秋季生态位重叠指数为0的鼠种也不同,表明生态位分化在不同季节有差异。春季生态位明显分化,秋季也出现了一些物种的生态位分化,夏季生态位分化不明显。     

我国天然草原鼠害分析及其防控

我国天然草原高原鼠兔、高原鼢鼠、大沙鼠、长爪沙鼠等鼠害呈偏重发生态势,对我国畜牧业生产和草原生态环境造成严重破坏,对农牧民的生产和生活构成严重威胁。在简要介绍近年来我国草原鼠害危害情况及防控工作的基础上,分析了当前草原鼠害防控工作中存在的主要问题,并提出了针对性的防控建议。     

张家口坝上草地药物灭鼠试验初报

张家口坝上草地有630万亩,年鼠害面积400万—450万亩,占草地面积63.5—71.4％,草场的主要鼠害有长爪沙鼠、蒙古黄鼠、草原鼢鼠、五趾跳鼠、田鼠、仓鼠等等,它们冬春吃草根,夏秋吃嫩叶和花果,因鼠害每年损失饲草2000万—2500万千克,为了有效地杀灭害鼠,减少饲草损失.保护草地生产及生态效益,我们于1996年4月15日—30日在河北省沽源县     

乌兰县草原鼠虫害及毒草调查报告

通过对青海省乌兰县草原鼠虫害及毒草调查，结果表明：全县“三害”总危害面积为32．26万hm^2。主要害鼠有高原鼠兔、高原鼢鼠、子午沙鼠；主要害虫为古毒蛾；主要毒草有醉马草等。     

肃南县天然草地主要鼠害种类、分布及危害面积

肃南县草地鼠虫害历来十分严重,分布面积广、危害大,是草地退化的重要原因.害鼠主要有高原鼠兔、高原鼢鼠和长爪沙鼠(Meiiones Unguiclataus)等.其中高原鼠兔是最先侵入轻度退化草地的鼠类,因此对草地的破坏作用最大.     

阿拉善地区不同植被生境中鼠类栖息地选择的特性

2002～2007年,在阿拉善荒漠区选择开垦区、轮牧区、过牧区和禁牧区四种植被生境,采用标志重捕法研究不同植被生境中鼠类栖息地选择的特性。结果表明:6个年度中啮齿动物群落的优势种群在四种不同植被生境中各不相同,各个群落的组成种类和主要种类的数量有较大变化;6年中不同植被生境中啮齿动物群落组成种的年平均种数为轮牧区=过牧区=禁牧区>开垦区。不同植被生境中主要组成种变化较大:开垦区为长爪沙鼠、黑线仓鼠;轮牧区为子午沙鼠、小毛足鼠;过牧区为三趾跳鼠、五趾跳鼠;禁牧区为小毛足鼠。长爪沙鼠在开垦区与其他三种干扰区间有极显著差异(P<0.01),而在其他三种干扰区间无差异;三趾跳鼠在过牧区与其他三种干扰区间有极显著差异(P<0.01)。     

草原鼠害对草原的影响及防治对策

1草原鼠的种类及危害1.1种类据统计,我国草原鼠类200余种,其中在草原上分布的种类有100余种,而黑龙江省草原鼠类有14种,分别为草兔、达乌尔黄鼠、长尾黄鼠、五趾跳鼠、     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …