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1.
2n配子的发生及在果树育种中的应用   总被引:18,自引:1,他引:17  
丛佩华  吴禄平 《果树科学》1998,15(4):347-353
以果树方面的文献为基础,综述了2n配子在果树中的发生情况,细胞学基础,遗传效应及提高2n配子比率的方法。对2n配子在果树等作物杂交育种利用的优越性和可行性进行了分析,提出了一种新的有效途径。  相似文献   

2.
研究动态     
《中国蔬菜》1998,1(1):2-0
研究动态研究动态马铃薯2n配子遗传与育种技术成果通过鉴定由中国农科院蔬菜花卉所主持完成的“马铃薯2n配子遗传与育种技术”研究成果通过了农业部科技司组织的专家鉴定。该项研究明确了2n配子(花粉)发生的第三种细胞遗传学机制是由于减数分裂后期Ⅱ或末期Ⅱ的核...  相似文献   

3.
马铃薯2n配子发生的遗传分析   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
马铃薯2n配子的研究为二倍体野生种的利用开辟了一条新途径。本文首次对两个群体共8个不同亲本的2n花粉发生频率的选择标准、相关性、配合力、遗传力及有关问题进行了探讨。结果表明,2n花粉发生的广义遗传力为51.66%~45.35%,狭义遗传力为20.08%~14.89%。这说明遗传加性效应很低。特殊配合力对2n花粉发生起主导作用。2n花粉频率很大程度上取决于组合中大于5%2n花粉基因型的频率而不是组合的最高频率。2n花粉的轮回选择应从组合平均数高的群体中开始进行。  相似文献   

4.
大白菜二倍体与四倍体杂交后代倍性及胚胎学观察   总被引:10,自引:5,他引:5  
刘学岷  申书兴 《园艺学报》1996,23(3):309-311
大白菜二倍体与四倍体杂交后代倍性及胚胎学观察刘学岷1申书兴2孙日飞1王子欣2(1河北农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,石家庄050051;2河北农业大学园艺系,保定071001;3中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081)关键词大白菜;2n配子;胚败...  相似文献   

5.
RFLP在马铃薯遗传育种中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
介绍了RFLP的基本原理和实验技术。详细阐述了RFLP在马铃薯遗传育种中的应用,主要有以下7个方面:(1)品种鉴定和分类;(2)识别体细胞杂种和纯合二倍体;(3)进行马铃薯进化研究;(4)构建马铃薯分子连锁图谱;(5)进行马铃薯数量性状位点(QTL)定位;(6)评价2n配子转移的杂合性效率;(7)评价四倍体马铃薯杂种优势学说。  相似文献   

6.
3 蔬菜繁殖方式与良种繁育 3.1 蔬菜的繁殖方式及其与良种繁育的关系 蔬菜繁殖包括有性和无性繁殖两种.作物经过开花、授粉和受精,由雌雄配子结合,产生下一代新个体而不断繁殖的过程称为有性繁殖.  相似文献   

7.
杏的自交不亲和机制研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
被子植物的自交不亲和有孢子体型不亲和与配子体型不亲和两种类型,杏的自交不亲和属于配子体型不亲和。从生物学、细胞学和分子学角度综述杏的自交不亲和机制,对比分析研究自交亲和品种和自交不亲和品种不同的受精过程及杏的开花生物学和授粉生物学特性,为生产上花期管理、合理选配授粉树提供依据,为杏种质资源、遗传育种及生物技术等方面研究提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
中国树莓属8个种染色体数目与核型   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9  
林盛华  张冰冰 《园艺学报》1994,21(4):313-319
采用“去壁低渗法”对我国树莓属8个种18个类型的染色体数目和12个类型的核型进行了研究。发现我国牛迭肚、绿叶悬勾子、库叶悬勾子有二倍体2n=2x=14和四倍体2n=4x=28类型;茅莓为四倍体2n=4x=28;覆盆子有二倍体2n=2x=14和三倍体2n=3x=21类型;黄树莓、黑树莓、美洲黑莓均为二倍体2n=2x=14。核型结果表明,树莓属染色体均小形,由中部着丝点染色体和亚中部着丝点染色体组成。  相似文献   

9.
汪李平  杨静 《长江蔬菜》2009,(12):44-49
3蔬菜繁殖方式与良种繁育 3.1蔬菜的繁殖方式及其与良种繁育的关系 蔬菜繁殖包括有性和无性繁殖两种。作物经过开花、授粉和受精,由雌雄配子结合,产生下一代新个体而不断繁殖的过程称为有性繁殖。直接由母体分割一部分产生下一代新个体的过程叫无性繁殖。  相似文献   

10.
金冠、红星苹果花柱头有效期、最佳期试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
柱头是有花植物花器官重要的组成部分,是授粉受精、雌雄配子结合的门户和必经之路。它发育的成熟与否,不仅影响花粉粒的萌发,而且关系着受精和座果。众所周知,苹果为异花授粉植物,不仅杂交育种需要在柱头有效期内进行,而且在生产上配置授粉树,除需要考虑花期的一致或互相重叠期的长短外,也涉及柱头的有效期和最佳期。本研究的目的正是为了弄清金冠、红星苹果花柱头的有效期和最佳期,为苹果育种和生产服务。  相似文献   

11.
AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β-particles emission from 188Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by 188Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [3H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of 188Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from 188 Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G0/G1 arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.  相似文献   

12.
AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P<0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.  相似文献   

13.
Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.  相似文献   

14.
多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
多效唑(PP333)处理猕猴桃试管苗,降低了其生长强度;植株体内的GA3、IAA和ZT含量下降,ABA的含量上升,乙烯释放率增加;并且能降低外源的GA3和IAA促进生长的作用,而外源的GA3和IAA又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用,使植株恢复生长。  相似文献   

15.
AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.  相似文献   

17.
The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.  相似文献   

18.
Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.  相似文献   

19.
AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.  相似文献   

20.
AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [3-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10-6-10-4 mmol/L) stimulated [3-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [3-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P<0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P<0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10-6-10-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P<0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl2 for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P<0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.  相似文献   

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