寄主对褐纹甘蔗象生长发育影响研究

褐纹甘蔗象Rhabdoscelus lineaticollis(Heller)是近年入侵我国的棕榈植物重要害虫和潜在的重要甘蔗害虫.文章观察了该虫幼期发育历期、存活率及成虫寿命、性比、产卵量,测定了幼虫对3种寄主植物的取食量,组建了实验种群生命表.结果表明,该虫发育历期以取食甘蔗的较长,国王椰子和大王椰子的较短,完成1个世代所需时间分别为106.6,78.8,76.5 d;成虫寿命以取食大王椰子的最短,为90.82 d;产卵量则以取食甘蔗的最少,单雌为149粒.幼虫对甘蔗、大王椰子、国王椰子的取食量分别为2.05,1.86,1.04 g,建立了取食量和幼虫龄期间关系方程.实验种群趋势指数以大王椰子最大,为37.69,国王椰子次之,为6.21,甘蔗的最小,为3.66.因此,野外大王椰子、国王椰子上该虫种群暴发潜能较大.     

红棕象甲室内生物学特性及形态观察

在室内对红棕象甲生物学特性和形态进行了系统观察,表明在26℃、RH80%、寄主食料华盛顿棕榈饲养条件下,红棕象甲世代历期平均114.77d,最短87.00d、最长166.00d,其中卵期平均3.50d,幼虫期平均36.68d,结茧到产卵前历期平均29.96d。幼虫以8龄为主,1～2龄幼虫的体重小于0.01g,头壳宽短于1.0mm,3龄后幼虫体重、头壳宽度、体长和体宽开始增加,8龄时幼虫平均体重为3.36g,头壳宽度6.0mm。成虫雌雄性比1.78：1,补充营养能显著延长成虫寿命,在无补充营养时,雌雄成虫寿命只有7.00d左右,而在补充营养后,雌雄成虫寿命最长可分别达130.00d和244.00d。雌虫产卵量最大376粒,最小89粒,平均216粒。     

小黄粉蝶的初步研究

小黄粉蝶(Eurema blanda)是为害顶果木等热带树种的害虫。此虫在海南岛1年12代,全年发生,世代重叠,雨季成灾。成虫产卵成块状,幼虫群集生活。     

温度对麻疯树柄细蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响

为明确温度对麻疯树柄细蛾Stomphastis thraustica Meyrick生长发育和繁殖的影响,研究了不同温度下(19～37℃)麻疯树柄细蛾各虫态生长发育、存活和繁殖等生物学特性。结果表明:在19～34℃范围内,各虫态的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短。37℃时,卵不能孵化。在25℃下雌虫和雄虫平均寿命最长,分别为5.94 d和5.22 d。在25～34℃范围内,温度对雌虫产卵量无显著影响,但平均产卵量(44.4粒/雌)明显高于低温区19～22℃的平均产卵量(16.9粒/雌)。卵、幼虫、蛹和世代的发育起点温度分别为8.391,6.312,8.014,8.874℃,世代有效积温为294.183日度。     

苹褐卷蛾的初步研究

苹褐卷蛾在砀山每年发生 4代 ,以幼龄幼虫结薄茧越冬。该虫以幼虫危害苹果、梨、桃等幼嫩的芽、叶片和花蕾 ,受害严重的果树不能展叶和开花。该虫产卵量大 ,发生世代多 ,且世代重叠现象严重 ,为防治增加了困难 ,所以抓住越冬代或第 1代幼龄幼虫危害期 ,进行药剂防治是关键。     

广西北部湾桐花树毛颚小卷蛾生物学特性及防治

桐花树毛颚小卷蛾Lasiognatha cellifera Meyrick是广西北部湾桐花树的主要害虫,通过室内饲养和林间观察研究,对桐花树毛颚小卷蛾各虫态的形态特征进行了描述,基本了解其生活习性及生活史。该虫在广西北部湾地区1a发生12代,世代重叠。以2~3龄幼虫在桐花树叶片上卷叶越冬,3月上旬开始羽化为成虫,1~2d后即交配产卵,平均每雌产卵量76粒。卵历期2~4d,幼虫历期11~15d,蛹历期7~8d,成虫寿命约6d;该虫有2个明显的危害高峰期,分别出现在春季和秋季。提出桐花树毛颚小卷蛾的初步防治建议。     

松墨天牛室内人工饲养及其生物学特性观察

在室内人工气候箱中对松墨天牛(Monochamus alternatus)进行人工饲养及生物学特性观察.结果表明:人工饲养条件下其羽化期为6～10d,交配2～4 d后产卵,雌虫平均产卵量60.5个;卵期为5～7d,卵的孵化率为85.95%;幼虫共5龄,1龄幼虫死亡率为25.89%,其它龄期幼虫很少死亡,幼虫化蛹率89.74%,蛹期为8～14d,蛹的羽化率为89.58%.成功建立了稳定的实验种群,实现了室内常年人工饲养,保证了实验虫源的供应,人工饲养和自然界松墨天牛的龄级一致,但人工饲养的天牛幼虫期、蛹期、羽化期、成虫帮命都大大缩短,成虫体形也较小,雌虫产卵数大大减少.     

用“毒球法”防治光肩星天牛

光肩星天牛属鞘翅目、天牛科。我区主要分布在赤峰市、呼和浩特市、包头市等地区。危害杨、柳、复叶槭等树种,是我区人工林和行道树的主要害虫之一。该虫为全变态,一生要经历成虫、卵、幼虫和蛹四个虫期。幼虫危害严重,成虫虽也啃食嫩枝进行补充营养,但为害不大。在我区完成一个世代需2～3年,以幼虫在树干内越冬,5月下旬开始化蛹,蛹期约10天,6月上旬开始羽化,成虫咬食树叶或小树枝的表皮,7月上旬产卵,产卵前咬一椭园形凹入的产卵穴,每穴产卵一粒,经半     

杨树新害虫—中华厚爪叶蜂生物学特性及防治建议

作者在山东省商河县采集、饲养杨树食叶新害虫—中华厚爪叶蜂Stauronematus sp.,观察其形态特征和生物学特性。结果表明:在山东省商河县,中华厚爪叶蜂1 a发生7~8代,以老熟幼虫在土壤表层作茧越冬。雌雄性比1.03∶1,成虫产卵于叶片的主脉和侧脉上;卵历期118~180 h;幼虫取食叶肉和侧脉,在叶面分泌密集的白色直立尖状结晶物,是此类昆虫独特现象。雄幼虫4龄,较短历期144~184 h,较长历期312~472 h;雌幼虫5龄,较短历期190~218 h,较长历期384~432 h。雄虫食叶量1.82~4.90 cm~2,雌虫食叶量2.39~5.25 cm~2。防治建议:优先保护和利用天敌,自然控制;虫口密度大的世代,旋耕地面杀蛹;中重度发生时,化学药剂喷烟喷雾防治。     

河口县入侵害虫椰心叶甲的生物学特性及防治措施

椰心叶甲是棕榈科植物的一种危险性入侵害虫,属国家检疫林业有害生物,2005年在河口县首次发现.为了有效防治该害虫,2005～2006年在河口县观察研究了该虫的生物学特性.结果表明,该虫在河口县1 a发生6代,无明显越冬期,卵期3～10 d,幼虫期17 ～73 d,蛹期5～8d,成虫产卵前期9～30 d.完成一个世代需34～121 d,夏季历期较短,冬季历期较长.通过防治试验,提出椰甲清粉剂挂包法、树干打孔注药法、喷雾防治法、生物防治法等防治措施.     

白蜡吉丁啮小蜂生物学特性研究

通过林间调查与室内饲养相结合的方法,对白蜡吉丁啮小蜂（Tetrastichus planipennisiYang）的生物学特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,该寄生蜂在吉林省长春市年发生3-4代,以老熟幼虫在寄主幼虫的蛀道内越冬;不同时期的成蜂性比（♀∶♂）为2.39∶1-5.06∶1,平均为3.04∶1;补充20%蜂蜜水的雌雄成蜂平均寿命分别为16.2±1.24 d和7.00±1.19 d,比取食清水的雌雄成虫分别长6.90 d和1.33 d。平均自然寄生率为35.72%,最高可达76.92%。     

Wirkung einer simulierten Dauerbelastung durch HgCl2 auf die Generationsfolge der FeldheuschreckeAcrotylus patruelis (H.-S.) (Orthoptera,Acrididae)

A continuous treatment of the environment was investigated under simulated conditions using mercury and the acridideAcrotylus patruelis (H.-S.) as test animal. The insects were fed by wheat germs in hydroculture and rolled oats, both treated with mercury. The females layed their eggs in glass pots filled with sand treated with various amounts of HgCl₂. Two generations were bred under continuous treatment. By feeding treated food the oviposition increased significantly reaching the threefold number of eggs in the P-Generation. In the F₁ even more eggs were produced. Mercury stimulated the function of the ovaries. In this way the females have the possibility to prevent a toxic accumulation of Hg in their bodies. The increase of oviposition can be considered as a mechanism of decontamination. The females of both generations were not able to measure the content of mercury in the soil. At all investigated concentrations larvae hatched but in those higher than 6.05 mg HgCl₂/kg a significant reduction of hatching could be found. The hatching of the larvae of the F₂ generation was much less than that of the F₁. Larval development depended highly on the concentration of mercury. The larval period was prolonged up to 40% by feeding of contaminated wheat germs. By continuous contamination of the soil and of the food the larval period was increased up to twofold compared with the control. The imaginal rate was reduced by increasing mercury content in the soil. At least only 30% reached the adult stage. The imaginal life span also depended on the Hg amount of the soil in which the eggs developed and on the contamination of the food. At least only 20 days were reached (normally 3–4 months). The body weight of the treated adults did not differ from that of the control. During the larval period the accumulation of mercury in the body was threefold compared with the control insects. The mercury content was reduced at the beginning of oviposition. The amount of the heavy metal increased mainly in the gut and in the gonads of the males.     

不同杀虫剂防治国槐尺蠖药效试验

通过试验研究了使用50%灭幼脲Ⅲ号胶悬剂和25%溴氰菊酯乳油对国槐尺蠖的防治效果,结果表明:50%灭幼脲Ⅲ号胶悬剂1 500倍和25%溴氰菊酯乳油2 000倍液防治效果最好;国槐尺蠖在北京昌平地区每年发生4代,5月中旬为防治第1代幼虫的最佳时期,6月中旬为防治第2代幼虫最佳时期,第3代后世代交替,可根据虫情在2~3龄幼虫期喷药。     

黄带犀猎蝽的生物学及应用研究

黄带犀猎蝽在广州室内饲养年发生2代,以4～5龄若虫于杂草丛生的石块、土块下或枯枝落叶层中越冬。卵成块,12.5～16.5天孵化。若虫5龄,历期48.0～223.5天。成虫羽化后5.0～12.5天交配,交配后11.5～25.5天产卵。成虫寿命一般在36.0天以上。若虫和成虫有较强的耐饥力,在缺少猎物时3～5龄若虫和成虫寿命分别为8.9～13.2天和17.3～20.2天。室内外捕食试验表明:对马尾松毛虫、纵带球须刺蛾、丽绿刺蛾、细皮夜蛾和竹斑蛾幼虫有较好的抑制作用。     

信息化学物质与昆虫的产卵行为

信息化学物质普遍存在于动植物体内和体外，特别是在昆虫中这种物质得到了充分的发展，对许多种间和社会性活动起着重要作用。因为刚孵化出的幼虫活动性较差，必须依靠成虫为其选择的植物以进食。信息化学物质在昆虫的产卵行为中起更为关键的作用。因此，本文对与昆虫生活有重要作用的信息化学物质进行了简单的慨述，并对信息化学物质所引发的昆虫的产卵行为进行了评述。     

Effect ofMelia azedarach extract on larval development and reproduction parameters ofSpodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) andAgrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) (lep. noctuidae)

Methanolic extract ofMelia azedarach fruits enriched by washing with petrolether and ethyl acetate was used for laboratory treatments of two lepidopteran pests in Egypt. The experiments were carried out with concentrations of 10, 15, 25, 50, 100 and 1000 ppm in a diet and compared with control insects. In both insects food consumption, weight gain and conversion of ingested food (ECI) in body matter decreased with increasing extract amounts. The conversion of digested food (ECD) was lowered gradually by using higher concentrations ofMelia extract. Some antifeedant activity was observed in larvae ofS. littoralis andA. ipsilon. The percentage of mortality increased with application of higher concentrations ofMelia extract in both species. Starting from 3rd larval instar the larvae of both species reduced significantly their weight until pupation in 25 ppm and higher extract concentrations, while the larval period was prolonged. The pupal weight was significantly reduced at 15, 25 and 50 ppm. At higher concentrations the larvae failed to pupate. Duration of pupal period was affected only inA. ipsilon. All reproduction parameters, as period of oviposition, fecundity, fertility and longevity of males and females were affected using emerged adults from treated larvae with concentrations of 10, 15 and 25 ppmMelia extract. InS. littoralis no adult emerged from pupae originated from larvae treated with 50 ppm and higher amounts and no larva hatched from eggs laid by adults treated with 25 ppmMelia concentration as larvae. In both species the oviposition period was shortened at 15 and 25 ppm extract, the fecundity and fertility were drastically reduced, and the longevity of males and females was reduced. Cross sections of the midgut showed that the epithelial cells are destroyed in both pests. This can be one of the reasons for the observed effects.     

杨柳小卷蛾生物学特性及发生规律研究

为摸清杨柳小卷蛾Gypsonoma minutara Hübner的生活习性、发生规律及在鲁西南地区的生活史,通过室内饲养与林间调查相结合的研究方法,观测杨柳小卷蛾成虫、卵、幼虫、蛹的形态特征,林间调查其生物学特性和发生规律。结果表明:该虫1 a发生3代,以初龄幼虫在树皮缝隙等处结薄茧越冬。5龄幼虫吐丝缀叶危害。3代幼虫的孵化盛期分别在6月中旬、8月上旬、9月中旬,有世代重叠现象。成虫有趋光性和趋化性,单雌产卵量平均64.3粒。研究结果可为杨柳小卷蛾防控提供重要参考。     

广西钦州松墨天牛生活史

2009～2011年在钦州设立试验点对松墨天牛（Monochamus alternatus）进行饲养及观察.结果表明,松墨天牛在钦州以2年发生3代为主,少数1年发生2代,世代重叠现象明显,几乎全年可见幼虫;树皮硬度也是影响成虫产卵的主要因素.     

秦都区核桃六星黑点蠹蛾发生规律及综合防治措施研究

对核桃六星黑点蠹蛾在秦都区的发生规律进行了调查,结果表明：核桃六星黑点蠹蛾在秦都区1年发生1代,以幼虫在蛀道内越冬,次年核桃春梢抽出后,4月上旬开始为害;4月下旬结茧化蛹,蛹期25～45d;5月下旬为成虫羽化盛期,成虫期4～7d;6月中旬产卵,卵期10～20d;6月下旬到7月上旬幼虫卵化期,9月上旬停止取食,准备越冬。并依照其发生规律制定出了核桃六星黑点蠹蛾综合防治措施。     

廊坊地区美国白蛾生物学特性及防治措施

美国白蛾（Hyphantria cunea Dmry）在廊坊地区是新传入检疫性林业害虫,通过对其在廊坊生物学特性调查,提出防治措施。美国白蛾在廊坊地区1a发生3代,存在世代交替现象,各代成虫产卵量、孵化规、幼虫和蛹历期不同,均以第2代产卵量大和历期短。防治上采取综合防治、群防群治和联防联治。