An improved hemagglutination test for study of canine parvovirus

Optimal conditions for hemagglutination (HA) by canine parvovirus (CPV) strains were investigated using several buffers. Porcine erythrocytes often agglutinated spontaneously in phosphate-buffered salt solution, isotonic saline solution or barbitone-complement-fixation buffer. Results were reproducible when borate-buffered saline (BBS) was used as the diluent for antigen, and "virus adjusting diluent" (VAD), containing 0.15 M NaCl and 0.3 M phosphate was used as the diluent for erythrocytes. Highest HA titers were obtained at pH 6.0 using BBS and VAD. Specific HA with CPV was observed not only at 4 degrees C but at 37 degrees C, and erythrocytes from horse, shrew mouse, hamster, cat, sheep and dog, as well as pig and African green monkey were agglutinated by CPV using the improved method.     

Biomarkers in canine parvovirus enteritis

Canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis has, since its emergence in 1978, remained a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality in young dogs. The continued incidence of parvoviral enteritis is partly due to the virus' capability to evolve into more virulent and resistant variants with significant local gastrointestinal and systemic inflammatory sequelae. This paper reviews current knowledge on historical-, signalment-, and clinical factors as well as several haematological-, biochemical- and endocrine parameters that can be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in CPV enteritis. These factors include season of presentation, purebred nature, bodyweight, vomiting, leukopaenia, lymphopaenia, thrombocytopaenia, hypercoagulability, hypercortisolaemia, hypothyroxinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, elevated C-reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor, hypocholesterolaemia and hypocitrullinaemia. Factors contributing to the manifestations of CPV infection are multiple with elements of host, pathogen, secondary infections, underlying stressors and environment affecting severity and outcome. The availability of several prognosticators has made identification of patients at high risk of death and their subsequent targeted management more rewarding.     

一小型犬群发生犬细小病毒性肠炎的治疗体会

犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒引起犬的一种急性和烈性传染病,本病主要以出血性肠炎,白细胞总数下降为主要特征且死亡率高。此病宜早期确诊及时合理治疗,抓住最佳治疗时期。 本病四季均可发生,但以冬末春初多发,各种犬均易感,纯种犬比杂种犬更易感,病犬和康复带毒犬是本病的主要传染源,其粪便、尿液、呕吐物及唾液污染环境和饲养用具,主要是通过消化道感染。     

犬细小病毒肠炎的诊断和治疗

犬细小病毒肠炎（CPV）是20世纪70年代末发现的由CPV引起的一种急性接触性传染病。临床上以剧烈呕吐、出血性腹泻及高度沉郁为特征,主要危害幼犬（1岁内）,发病率和死亡率都很高,但如果及时正确诊断,及时合理治疗,同时加强护理可以大大降低死亡率。     

浅谈犬细小病毒的诊断治疗与预防

1978年首次报道了犬细小病毒病,病原为犬细小病毒2型（CPV-2）。回溯血清学调查显示,CPV-2是在20世纪70年代中期在欧洲的犬群中即已出现,随后迅速传至日本、澳大利亚及美国。我国于20世纪80年代发现。该病具有高度的稳定性且通过粪-口途径有效的传播,所以细小病毒能够被广泛传播,加之其治愈率为70％左右,非经治疗的成活率小于5％,严重威胁养犬业的发展,因此引起了世人的广泛关注。本文就犬细小病毒的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、诊断方法及防治做一简要综述。     

一例犬细小病毒病的诊治与体会

犬细小病毒病(Canine parvovirus,CP)是由犬细小病毒(CPV)引起的一种以急性、出血性肠炎或非化脓性心肌炎为主要特征的犬科和鼬科动物的急性传染病.有时其感染率高达100%,致死率为30%左右.我国于1982年由梁士哲等证实此病,现已成为宠物门诊的常见病.     

犬细小病毒病的诊疗

随着人民生活水平的不断提高,养犬、猫者越来越多,犬的疾病逐渐为人们所重视,对犬各种疾病的诊治研究也在不断深入。本文根据临床症状、结合实验室诊断,在临床上确诊了四十多例犬细小病毒病病例,通过采取抗菌消炎、止吐、止泻、止血、补液、灌肠等较全面的综合治疗措施,取得了良好的治疗效果,提高了该病的治愈率。     

Latex agglutination test for canine parvovirus

Canine parvovirus (CPV) was detected in faeces from dogs with diarrhoea by a specific slide agglutination test using latex particles coated with anti-CPV monoclonal antibody (LA-anti-CPV). The agglutination of LA-anti-CPV with CPV on a glass slide was evident macroscopically within 2 min. The sensitivity of the latex agglutination (LA) test was similar to that of the hemagglutination test. The LA test is available for the rapid diagnosis of CPV infection at an animal hospital.     

Anti-endotoxin immunotherapy for canine parvovirus endotoxaemia

The morbidity and mortality associated with canine parvovirus disease (CPV) is caused, in part, by endotoxin (LPS). Equine anti-endotoxin hyperimmune plasma (Anti-LPS) was administered to 89 CPV patients in addition to conventional therapy. In Anti-LPS treated CPV patients mortality was lower (16-8 per cent, 15/89) than in controls that received conventional therapy alone (66-7 per cent, 24/36, P < 0–0005). The hospitalization period of survivors was reduced from 8-5 ± 4-0 days (controls) to 5-2 ± 2-0 days (Anti-LPS treated group). These results suggest that an anti-endotoxin specific therapy should be incorporated into the treatment regimen of CPV, and possibly, other canine enteric disorders, known to produce endotoxaemia.     

犬细小病毒病的临床调查

犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒(Canine parvovirus,CPV)引起的一种急性接触性传染病,临床上以发生出血性肠炎的病例多见.广州市怡友动物医院自2005年1月至2006年12月两年间接诊CPV感染犬317例,笔者对此进行了临床调查和分析.     

犬细小病毒病的诊断及治疗技术

笔者对2008年1月3日-6月13日在大通县桥头镇家畜病院治疗的65例犬细小病毒病病例进行统计分析发现,病犬年龄、就诊时间、免疫状况等对本病的治疗有一定的影响,通过对症治疗、输液疗法、特异疗法、控制继发感染和中药治疗达到了较好的治疗效果.     

对犬细小病毒病的诊疗体会

双城地区犬的细小病毒病发病率较高,约占犬病的10%～20%左右,个别病例因治疗不及时或治疗不当,往往因重度脱水和心力衰竭而死亡.经过对300余例病犬的诊疗体会总结如下.     

Breed-related risk factors for canine parvovirus enteritis

Case records of 305 dogs with canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis, seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania from July 1, 1981 to Aug 31, 1982, were selected on the basis of admitting diagnoses or signs of diarrhea and vomiting. The case records were subdivided into 3 diagnostic categories, based on final diagnoses and laboratory test results. There were 96 dogs with definite CPV enteritis, 139 with possible CPV enteritis, and 70 with unlikely CPV enteritis. These cases were then stratified by animal's age (less than or equal to 6 months or greater than 6 months) and specific hospital service (medicine or emergency). A control group was selected from all canine case records from the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania for conditions other than the criteria used in selecting the case group. Approximately 2 hospital patients were selected for each CPV enteritis case by frequency matching for hospital service and age. The proportion of dogs with definite CPV enteritis that had each of the clinical signs that were studied was greater than that of dogs in the other CPV enteritis diagnostic categories. The overall survival rate for dogs with definite CPV enteritis was 64.0%; survival was not associated with any given clinical sign of disease. Odds ratios (OR) for the risk of CPV enteritis were calculated for breeds with 3 or more dogs with definite CPV enteritis. The Doberman Pinschers (OR = 3.1), Rottweilers (OR = 6.0), and English Springer Spaniels (OR = 8.1) had a significantly increased risk of CPV enteritis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)