江苏省内陆水域国家级水产种质资源保护区建设现状及展望

水产种质资源是水生生物资源的重要组成部分和渔业发展的物质基础,属于国家的重要战略资源,划定水产种质资源保护区是保护水产种质资源及其栖息环境的重要措施之一。文章概述了江苏省内陆水域国家级水产种质资源保护区建设过程及现状,总结了水产种质资源保护区的水域类型、面积大小及保护对象种类,指出水产种质资源保护区建设和管理中存在的一些问题,并就水产种质资源保护区的未来发展提出了措施建议。     

加强水产种质资源保护利用

水产种质资源是农业种质资源的重要组成部分,本文分析了水产种质资源保护利用现状及面临的问题,水产种质资源鉴定与评价方法,从种质资源收集、大数据平台建设、追溯体系建立、科普与人才培养等方面提出了水产种质资源可持续发展建议。     

我国水产生物种质资源信息平台发展现状与建议

近年来水产种质领域从国家层面到省级层面陆续建立了多个种质资源信息平台,通过标准化的数据加工处理建立起了完整、实用、方便、高效的水产种质资源信息系统,使种质资源数据管理更加科学化、规范化.文章对我国当前水产种质资源信息平台现状进行了梳理,简要介绍了几个重要的国家级平台和部分省级平台,分析了信息平台的数据来源、类型等,并对...     

家禽种质资源的保护

家禽种质资源是家禽育种的原材料。通过近几十年来对家禽种质保护、利用的研究,形成了以普查为基础,建立监测评估系统,实行属地保护、迁地保护、建立基因库、加强种质资源利用等方法,有效地保存了现有的家禽种质资源。     

水产种质普查覆盖率超过95%,遴选出10大优异种质资源

2021年3月,农业农村部启动了新中国历史上规模最大的农业种质资源普查,近日,农业农村部发布全国农业优异种质资源,通报资源普查进展情况。据了解,此次种质资源普查,水产方面是建国以来首次,目前普查覆盖率超过95%,新收集水产养殖种质资源3万余份,在抢救保护珍稀种质资源的同时,又发现了一批新资源。     

水产种质普查覆盖率超过95%,遴选出10大优异种质资源

2021年3月,农业农村部启动了新中国历史上规模最大的农业种质资源普查,近日,农业农村部发布全国农业优异种质资源,通报资源普查进展情况。据了解,此次种质资源普查,水产方面是建国以来首次,目前普查覆盖率超过95%,新收集水产养殖种质资源3万余份,在抢救保护珍稀种质资源的同时,又发现了一批新资源。     

四大家鱼种质资源的研究进展

四大家鱼是我国淡水养殖和捕捞的主要对象,本文从种质资源鉴定、保护、种质标准的角度出发,简要介绍了目前我国四大家鱼种质资源的现状,以及遗传标记在四大家鱼种质资源中研究进展,并就目前普遍存在的四大家鱼遗传衰退的原因进行分析,比较详细的提出了四大家鱼种质资源保护的目的、策略和措施。     

湖北省国家级水产种质资源保护区建设进展

水产种质资源是水生生物资源的重要组成部分和渔业发展的物质基础,划定保护区是保护和合理利用水产种质资源的重要措施之一。2007-2014年湖北省已分8批划定了国家级水产种质资源保护区62处。总结了国家级水产种质资源保护区的水域类型、主要保护对象及区域分布特点,分析了目前水产种质资源保护区划定和建设管理中存在的一些问题,提出了促进保护区建设和保护工作的几点建议。     

我国牧草种质资源鉴定工作成效显著

正多年来,全国畜牧总站组织开展牧草种质资源评价工作,取得以下成效。(1)筛选农艺性状优异种质。制定了《牧草种质资源农艺性状鉴定评价指标规范》,建立了牧草种质资源农艺性状鉴定评价指标体系,系统开展了牧草种质资源农艺性状鉴定评价,不断完善基础信息,为种质资源的利用提供了数据支撑。累计鉴定评价18794份,筛选出低纤维苜蓿、长序苜蓿、根茎型小叶苜蓿、籽粒高产型细叶燕麦、宽叶燕麦、直立型小冠花等优异种质资源157份。(2)筛     

信息集粹

●烟台新增2个国家级和省级渔业种质资源保护区 目前,蓬莱市牙鲆、黄盖鲽国家级种质资源保护区和长岛县光棘球海胆种质资源保护区建设项目通过了烟台市海洋与渔业局、烟台市财政局组织的项目验收。验收组通过听取项目承建单位情况汇报,审阅项目档案和财务报告,经审议后认为,2个渔业种质资源保护区的建设符合《山东省省级海域使用金支出项目管理暂行办法》有关规定,完成了渔业种质资源保护区建设的计划任务。     

Effect of dietary substitution of sea tangle (ST), Laminaria japonica with rice bran (RB) on growth and body composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus)

Dietary substitution effect of sea tangle (ST) with rice bran (RB) on growth and carcass composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus) was determined. Juvenile abalone was acclimated to the experimental conditions for 4 weeks. Seventy juvenile abalone averaging 0.43 g were randomly distributed into each of the 18, 70 L plastic rectangular containers. The experimental diets were fed to abalone once a day at a satiation level with a little leftover. The feeding trial lasted for 16 weeks. Survival of abalone was not affected by dietary substitution of ST with RB. However, weight gain of abalone fed the RB40 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the all other diets except for the RB0 diet. No significant difference in weight gain was found in abalone fed between the RB0 and RB100 diets. SGR of abalone fed the RB40 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the all other diets. Also SGR of abalone fed the RB0 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the RB100 diet, but not different from that of abalone fed the RB20, RB60 and RB80 diets. Moisture, crude protein and ash content of the soft body of abalone were affected by dietary substitution of ST with RB. In conclusion, the 100% ST could be substituted with RB without a retardation of weight gain of abalone when the 20% ST was included into the experimental diet. However, the best growth performance was obtained in abalone fed the RB40 diet substituting 40% ST with RB.     

Effect of proline‐enriched abalone feed on selected metabolite levels of slow‐growing adult Haliotis midae

Abalone is currently considered South Africa's most successfully produced aquaculture export product, with a 76% share of the total value generated by the aquaculture sector. A major risk factor for this sector is slow growth rates experienced during farming. Abalone feeds are often supplemented with amino acids in an attempt to enhance abalone growth. This is a first investigation of the effect of added proline to standard abalone feed, on the metabolite profile of slow‐growing abalone. A targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics research approach was followed to recognise the metabolic response of abalone showing slower growth performance. The addition of proline to the standard abalone diet was found to serve as a substrate for amino acid catabolism in slower growing abalone, by means of proline breakdown to assist with energy production via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Other amino acids and urea cycle intermediates, that is, arginine, asparagine, ornithine and creatine further support energy production via the action of protein catabolism in slow‐growing abalone. Additionally, the importance of understanding how abalone respond metabolically to modified feed highlights the use of metabolomics to answer abalone aquaculture farming questions.     

微波辅助干制对双孢菇提取物腌制鲍肌肉品质的影响

为探究微波辅助干制对鲍肌肉品质的影响,本实验考察了干制过程中微波处理对经30% NaCl和5%双孢菇提取物腌制的鲍肌肉褐变强度、荧光强度、还原糖、氨基酸组成、糖蛋白等理化性质和挥发性风味的影响。结果显示,在干制过程中,未微波（WMT）组和微波（MT）组鲍肌肉的荧光强度值和褐变强度值均逐渐增加,在105 d时达到最大值后开始下降。经120 d干制的WMT组鲍肌肉还原糖含量由7.24下降至5.58 mg/g,而MT组鲍肌肉还原糖含量由7.24增加至14.05 mg/g。WMT和MT组鲍肌肉总氨基酸含量由39.69 g/100g分别增加至44.06和41.54 g/100g。在干制30 d后,电泳图谱中出现明显高分子化合物和糖蛋白聚集物。相比WMT组,MT组鲍肌肉傅里叶变换红外光谱中不仅酰胺A带的波数下降更加显著,而且酰胺Ⅰ带和酰胺Ⅱ带吸收峰强度更强。不管是否微波处理,干制90 d的鲍肌肉的电子鼻中W2W（芳香成分、有机硫化物）和W2S（醛醇酮类化合物）传感器响应值明显大于未干制的样品。气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定的壬醛和1-辛烯-3-醇在干制90 d时明显下降,而芳樟醇含量明显增加。在相同干制时间内,MT组鲍肌肉中芳樟醇含量高于WMT组样品。研究表明在干制过程中微波处理可以促进鲍肌肉美拉德反应程度,进而生成良好的挥发性气味,结果将为利用微波辅助改良干鲍的制备工艺提供理论参考。     

鲍养殖水体中致病性弧菌的调查

在18份鲍鱼养殖厂的各种水样和不同生长期的鲍样品中,共分离出17株弧菌:溶藻性弧菌11株,副溶血弧菌3株,霍乱弧菌2株,拟态弧菌1株。其中,溶藻性弧菌分布比较广,存在于各种样品;副溶血弧菌主要分布于鲍的肠道内;而非O1 O139群霍乱弧菌和拟态弧菌则分布于源头水中。鲍养殖水体中细菌总数的计数可以作为监测细菌性病害的指标之一。副溶血弧菌在鲍肠道内的高检出率提示鲍与副溶血弧菌的关系值得深入研究。     

Feasibility of Offshore Co‐culture of Abalone,Haliotis discus hannai Ino,and Sea Cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus,in a Temperate Zone

Feasibility of offshore co‐culture of abalone and sea cucumber was investigated in Northern China. Survival and growth of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino, and sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, co‐cultured in abalone cages from suspended longlines, in the offshore area, were examined. Abalone and sea cucumbers were co‐cultured at density ratios of both 3:1 and 6:1 for 1 yr. Abalone were fed with fresh kelp and no additional feed was given to sea cucumbers. Survival of abalone and sea cucumber was 100% for all treatments. Abalone and sea cucumber grew well; the body weight (BW) of abalone and sea cucumber was nearly doubled and had reached a commercial size. There were no significant differences in the growth rates for both abalone and sea cucumber between the two density treatments. The specific growth rate of BW of abalone (SGRbw) was highest in June, with a value of 0.536%/d. Growth rate of sea cucumber (SGRsc) was highest in December, reached 1.84%/d, with an annual average SGRsc of 0.182%/d. Results suggested that the offshore co‐culture of abalone and sea cucumber was feasible offshore. The co‐culture of abalone with sea cucumbers may provide an additional valuable crop without additional financial input.     

古雷海区吊养鲍鱼死亡情况调查

本文通过对古雷鲍鱼养殖区的海区状况、渔排分布情况、养殖密度、死鲍症状、过程、程度以及苗种来源、饲料种类、饲养管理等方面进行全面的调查,了解吊养鲍鱼的死亡情况和发病规律。通过分析,认为导致此次鲍鱼非正常死亡是由气候恶劣、养殖密度过高、海区环境恶化、种质退化等几个因素引起的,同时针对养殖鲍非正常死亡的原因,提出了避免类似事件再次发生的对策和建议。     

Effects of dietary substitution of fishmeal with the combined dry microalgae,Nannochloropsis oceanica (NO) biomass residue and casein on growth and body composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus)

The effects of dietary substitution of fishmeal with the combined dry Nannochloropsis oceanica (NO) biomass residue and casein on growth performance and carcass composition of juvenile abalone was determined. One thousand two hundred and sixty juvenile abalone were randomly distributed into the 18 L plastic rectangular containers. Five experimental diets in triplicate were prepared. The 28% fishmeal was included into the control (Con) diet. The 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% fishmeal were substituted with the combination of graded levels of dry NO biomass residue and casein, referred to as the NO25, NO50, NO75 and NO100 diets respectively. Finally, the salted sea tangle (ST), Laminaria japonica was prepared to compare the effect of the experimental diets on performance of abalone. The essential amino acids, such as isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, threonine and valine tended to increase with dietary substitution of fishmeal with NO biomass residue in the experimental diets. Arginine tended to decrease with dietary substitution of fishmeal with NO biomass residue. Survival of abalone fed the experimental diets was higher than that of abalone fed the ST diet for 16 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed the NO100 diet were higher than those of abalone fed the all other diets. Weight gain and SGR of abalone linearly increased with dietary substation of fishmeal with NO. Shell length of abalone tended to increase with dietary substitution of fishmeal with the combined dry NO biomass residue and casein. The chemical composition of the soft body of abalone was different among treatments except for moisture content. In conclusion, fishmeal in the diets for abalone could be completely replaced with the combined dry NO biomass residue and casein when the 28% fishmeal was included.     

Growth and feeding in juvenile triploid and diploid blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra (Leach, 1814), at two temperatures

Growth and feeding of juvenile triploid and diploid blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra (Leach, 1814) were investigated at two temperatures of 17 and 21 °C over a 50‐day period. There were no differences in growth between triploid and diploid abalone as measured by shell length and body weight. Both triploid and diploid abalone increased in length but not in weight at 21 °C. Condition indices were similar for triploid abalone maintained at both temperatures; however, those for diploid abalone were significantly higher at 17 °C than at 21 °C. Food intake was significantly greater yet feed conversion efficiency was significantly lower in triploid than in diploid abalone. Both the feeding variables were independent of temperature. On average, diploid abalone were able to convert 1 g of dry food ingested to 0.58 g of body weight, but triploid abalone only 0.44 g.     

Factors influencing half‐pearl (mabe) production and quality in the red abalone Haliotis rufescens

The factors influencing half‐pearl (mabe) production in the red abalone Haliotis rufescens were investigated, as a strategy to optimize the technology for the development of a pearling industry in Chile. The effects of abalone size (small, large), implant position (dorsal, central, ventral and their combinations), and number of nuclei (one, two, three) were analysed on the quantity, thickness of the nacre layer and quality (shape, colour, lustre, defects) of the mabe produced. The size of abalone did not exert a clear influence on the quantity and quality of mabe, but the position on the shell (firstly) and number of nuclei (secondly) did. More mabe, with thicker nacre, brighter lustre and fewer defects occurred in small or large abalone implanted with only one nucleus on dorsal position. In contrast, small and large abalone implanted in the ventral position formed less mabe, with thinner nacre, poor lustre and more defects. This likely occurs because mantle tissue folds at the ventral position and does not always cover the nucleus, leaving it partially or totally exposed. Most of the pearls were categories AA in small abalone and A in large abalone; only three AAA gems were produced in large abalone with one nucleus on dorsal position or with three nuclei (DCV). Based on these results, we recommend implanting abalone at 60–100 mm shell length, with only one nucleus on the dorsal position.     

Effect of salinity change and exposure time on the egg stages of two abalone species Haliotis discus discus and H. gigantea

Fisheries Science - The embryonic developmental response of two abalone species (disk abalone Haliotis discus discus, giant abalone Haliotis gigantea) to a drop in salinity with different exposure...