一种新型伤口处理剂对仔猪去势伤口处理的效果实证

在猪场中,正确的伤口处理对于伤口的恢复具有重要的意义。为了研究新型伤口处理剂对仔猪去势伤口的效果,特选取5～7日龄533头公仔猪,分为两组。试验组利用常规碘酊消毒去势后喷洒新型伤口处理剂,对照组则按常规操作单纯碘酊消毒。而后分别记录每天伤口恢复情况以及去势后15 d内表现关节肿的去势公仔猪比例。结果表明:新型伤口处理剂可以减少伤口出血,促进去势伤口的愈合,减少细菌通过伤口感染猪只的几率。     

犬自体皮片移植技术

1 材料与方法: 实验动物:2月龄的幼犬.试验药品:犬眠宝、苏醒灵、5%碘酊、75%酒精.试验器械及材料:常规手术器械1套及刻度尺、创巾、凡士林油纱布和绷带. 2 受区及供皮区创面的准备 犬眠宝(0.04～0.08 mL/kg体重)对犬进行全身麻醉,待实验犬进入麻醉期后行俯卧保定.受区(右侧臀部)及供皮区(左侧臀部)剃毛,彻底消毒,准备手术.     

围产期及产后奶牛与犊牛的护理

1产前准备 待产牛舍的卧床及产房的产床应铺垫细沙,保持清洁干燥舒适,并用2%甲酚皂液喷洒消毒。产房内接产物品及药品的准备：水桶、脸盆、毛巾、手电筒、麻绳、大家畜助产器械包、肥皂、注射器、听诊器、体温计、手术剪、止血钳、持针钳、缝针、7-12号缝合线、肠线、止血纱布、5%碘酊棉、75%酒精棉、2%盐酸普鲁卡因、生理盐水、肾上腺素、0.1%苯扎溴铵、高锰酸钾、小型电动挤奶机、氧气筒及流量表。     

羊破伤风的救治

1早治外伤发现外伤,赶快用5%碘酊严密消毒。如已长有痂皮,也是隐患,须揭掉痂皮,再按创伤常规清洗消毒治疗。2抓好卫生保持圈舍清洁、干燥、定期消毒,防止出现伤口感染破伤风,发现伤口也可注射破伤风血清2000～     

2种消毒剂对猪舍自然菌的消毒效果

为了考察戊二醛苯扎溴铵溶液、复方戊二醛溶液2种消毒剂对猪舍自然菌的现场消毒效果,参考中华人民共和国农业部《兽用消毒剂技术规范》(1992年版),采用戊二醛苯扎溴铵溶液100倍稀释、复方戊二醛溶液150倍稀释,通过擦拭法进行消毒前后表面菌落计数,计算杀菌率,判定其现场消毒效果。结果显示:戊二醛苯扎溴铵溶液100倍稀释,复方戊二醛溶液150倍稀释时,与猪舍自然菌作用60 min,杀菌率达96.45%以上。结果表明:2种消毒剂对猪舍自然菌消毒效果相当,戊二醛苯扎溴铵溶液可以推广使用。     

抗毒素百会穴注射治疗犬破伤风

自 1 993年以来 ,笔者试用百会穴注射精制破伤风抗毒素治疗犬破伤风 1 2例 ,除 1例因延误治疗而死亡外 ,其余 1 1例全部冶愈。1　处理创伤　彻底清除坏死物 ,并用 3%双氧水清洗创腔 ,5 %碘酊消毒创面 ,撒布碘仿磺胺粉 ( 1∶ 9)。创围分点肌肉注射普鲁卡因青霉素 80万 IU。2　取穴注射　百会穴处剪毛 ,3%碘酊消毒 ,75 %酒精脱碘。用封闭针头垂直刺透皮肤 ,徐徐进针 ,当进针至 2～ 3.5 cm阻力突然减小时 ,停止进针 ,抽出针芯 ,脑脊髓液便从针孔溢出 ,立即注射药物。每次注射精制破伤风抗毒素 30 0 0～ 60 0 0 IU,每日 1次 ,连续 2～ 3次。3…     

杂交狼犬腹下肿瘤的切除

1症状病犬靠两后肢腹中部长有一个直径12cm、厚6cm的肉瘤。采食、活动基本正常。2手术犬右侧卧于架车板上,捆绑两前肢和两后肢,并将犬前肢肩胛固定在架车板上。用手术剪剪去肿瘤基部周围3cm宽的毛,用75%酒精消毒,用5%普鲁卡因2mL×5在肿瘤周围分点注射,另用2mL×10作颈部肌肉注射、用VK2mL×3颈部肌肉注射,用75%酒精消毒剪毛处,再用0.1%新洁尔灭消毒手术部位。术者用新洁尔灭消毒,1h后用经消毒后的手术刀划开犬皮肤,用消毒纱布压迫止血,用刀柄、手指分离肌肉、血管、神经,横切肌肉,尽量不要损伤神经、血管。损伤毛细血管引起的出血时,用纱…     

不同浓度新洁尔灭溶液对家兔创伤愈合及生理机能的影响

新洁尔灭又称苯扎溴铵,属季铵盐类阳离子表面活性消毒剂,具有性质稳定、渗透力强、刺激性小、毒性低、具较强的杀菌效力等特性,广泛应用于皮肤、粘膜和术区的消毒. 新洁尔灭通常的使用浓度是0.1%,在人医临床上不仅用于皮肤、粘膜和术区的消毒,还有文章建议将0.1%新洁尔灭溶液应用术前洗头上,以增加其消毒效果[1].有关资料指出,新洁尔灭对皮肤、粘膜有一定的刺激作用[2].但在兽医临床上由于时间和条件的限制,手术人员在使用新洁尔灭时往往都是粗略配制,并且为了在短时间内达到消毒效果,常有意识地提高新洁尔灭的使用浓度.临床上如果进行腹腔手术,新洁尔灭还会或多或少进入腹腔中.那么在这种情况下,较高浓度的新洁尔灭溶液是否会影响动物的创伤愈合及生理机能便值得研究.本实验旨在探讨不同浓度的新洁尔灭溶液对动物创伤愈合及生理机能的影响,以期为兽医临床合理使用新洁尔灭提供科学的依据.     

一例犬的剖腹产术

<正>犬的剖腹产是针对母犬难产、危及生命时所采取的一种手术疗法。主要适用于子宫收缩无力、胎儿过大、胎位不正、死胎、骨盆狭窄等原因造成难产所采取的一种方法。1术前准备1.1保定方法保定方法通常有侧卧、仰卧两种,确保手术的顺利进行。一般采用速眠新进行麻醉,效果较好,其常用量杂种犬0.08毫升/千克,纯种犬0.04毫升/千克,但病情严重时麻醉需谨慎,因该药对动物心血管和呼吸功能有抑制作用,会造成不良的后果,所以应做局部麻醉。1.2术部处理术部应剃毛,先用2%的碘酊消毒,再用70%的酒精进行脱碘消毒。1.3常用的切口位置侧卧:腹横线下方,后第二乳     

10%浓碘酊治疗犬疥癣病效果好

犬疥癣病是由犬蠕形螨虫引起的一种顽固性皮肤病。我们用了很多药物 ,效果都不好 ,后来 ,我们使用 10 %浓碘酊外涂 ,却意外收到良好的治疗效果。10 %浓碘酊不同于一般碘酒 ,其渗透力和杀伤力极强 ,能迅速渗透毛囊根处 ,杀灭螨虫 ,大大缩短病程。对全身感染严重的病犬 ,首先剪去患部的毛 ,除掉痂皮和污垢 ,然后用棉球吸取 10 %碘酊 ,涂在发红、溃病及抓痒的皮肤上 ,每天 1次 ,连用 3ｄ。第 1天患处皮肤收敛 ;第 2天结痂 ;第 3天基本治愈。同时配合伊维菌素治疗 ,可显著提高疗效10%浓碘酊治疗犬疥癣病效果好$嫩江县尖山农场兽医院!黑龙江嫩江1…     

Bacterial contamination of suction tips used during surgical procedures performed on dogs and cats

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of bacterial contamination of surgical suction tips. SAMPLE POPULATION: Surgical tips used during 44 surgical procedures performed on 42 dogs and 2 cats. PROCEDURE: Surgical procedures were classified into 1 of 3 categories according to degree of bacterial contamination of the surgical site (clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated). Two sets of suction apparatuses were used for test and control suction tips. Test tips were used normally to suction blood and fluid, whereas control tips were placed on the surgical drapes but not in the surgical wound. Suction tips were collected aseptically and placed into thioglycolate broth tubes for qualitative aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture at the end of each procedure. RESULTS: Test and control suction tips were contaminated with bacteria during 30 of 44 (68%) procedures. Staphylococcus spp were the predominant bacteria in tips used during clean and clean-contaminated surgeries. When surgery was performed on clean-contaminated or contaminated wounds, prevalence of isolation of other bacteria such as Pseudomonas spp, Streptococcus spp, and Escherichia coli from both test and control suction tips was higher than for clean wounds. Mean time of procedures during which both test and control suction tips became contaminated was not significantly different from time of procedures during which neither tip became contaminated. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Surgical suction tips often become contaminated during standard veterinary surgical procedures. The risk of wound infection after surgery may be influenced by bacterial contamination of surgical suction tips.     

Effect of a single acupuncture treatment on surgical wound healing in dogs: a randomized,single blinded,controlled pilot study

Background

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of acupuncture on wound healing after soft tissue or orthopaedic surgery in dogs.

Methods

29 dogs were submitted to soft tissue and/or orthopaedic surgeries. Five dogs had two surgical wounds each, so there were totally 34 wounds in the study. All owners received instructions for post operative care as well as antibiotic and pain treatment. The dogs were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. Treated dogs received one dry needle acupuncture treatment right after surgery and the control group received no such treatment. A veterinary surgeon that was blinded to the treatment, evaluated the wounds at three and seven days after surgery in regard to oedema (scale 0-3), scabs (yes/no), exudate (yes/no), hematoma (yes/no), dermatitis (yes/no), and aspect of the wound (dry/humid).

Results

There was no significant difference between the treatment and control groups in the variables evaluated three and seven days after surgery. However, oedema reduced significantly in the group treated with acupuncture at seven days compared to three days after surgery, possibly due the fact that there was more oedema in the treatment group at day three (although this difference was nor significant between groups).

Conclusions

The use of a single acupuncture treatment right after surgery in dogs did not appear to have any beneficial effects in surgical wound healing.     

Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma application on cutaneous wound healing in dogs

This study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and efficacy of intralesional injection as a method of application to acute cutaneous wounds in dogs. Healthy adult beagles (n = 3) were used in this study. Autologous PRP was separated from anticoagulant treated whole blood in three dogs. Cutaneous wounds were created and then treated by intralesional injection of PRP in the experimental group, while they were treated with saline in the control group on days 0, 2 and 4. The healing process was evaluated by gross examination throughout the experimental period and histologic examination on day 7, 14 and 21. In PRP treated wounds, the mean diameter was smaller and the wound closure rate was higher than in the control. Histological study revealed that PRP treated wounds showed more granulation formation and angiogenesis on day 7, and faster epithelialization, more granulation formation and collagen deposition were observed on day 14 than in control wounds. On day 21, collagen deposition and epithelialization were enhanced in PRP treated groups. Overall, PRP application showed beneficial effects in wound healing, and intralesional injection was useful for application of PRP and could be a good therapeutic option for wound management in dogs.     

The effects of omega-3 fatty acid diet enrichment on wound healing

Omega-3 fatty acids were evaluated to determine how their anti-inflammatory properties affect wound healing. Twelve Beagle dogs were divided into two groups of six. Group I was fed an n-3 fatty acid enriched diet (n-3 FAED) with an n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio of 0.3, and group II was fed a control diet (CD) with a ratio of 7.7. Open and sutured cutaneous wounds were created on the trunk of the dog, and evaluated by laser Doppler perfusion imaging, tensiometry, planimetry, histopathology, and eicosanoid content. At 5 days, the n-3 FAED-fed dogs had significantly less epithelialization of the open wounds ( P  = 0.0343) and significantly less oedema in sutured wounds ( P  = 0.015). There were also tendencies of less tissue perfusion ( P  = 0.086), lower PGE₂ levels ( P  = 0.0756) and negative wound contraction in open wounds at 5 days. The n-3 FAED used in this study did not appear to have any outstanding long-term negative effect on wound healing.     

Ciprofloxacin as a representative of disk diffusion in vitro susceptibility of enrofloxacin for bacterial organisms from the middle-ear tissue of dogs with end-stage otitis externa

The purposes of this study were to determine whether ciprofloxacin disk diffusion susceptibility test (DDT) results could be used to assess the in vitro susceptibility of otic bacterial organisms to enrofloxacin and to determine the effect of concurrent enrofloxacin administration on the DDT results for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Thirty dogs with end-stage otitis externa undergoing unilateral total ear canal ablation were enrolled. The dogs were randomized to one of four enrofloxacin-treatment groups or to the control group. Each dog in the treatment groups received two intravenous doses of enrofloxacin prior to surgical removal of the middle-ear tissue while the control group did not receive any enrofloxacin. One dog was excluded from the study as no middle-ear tissue was removed during surgery. Twenty-four dogs were in the enrofloxacin-treatment groups and five dogs were in the control group. In 12 of 29 dogs (41.4%), 14 of 82 (17.1%) of bacteria had discrepancies in DDT results for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Discrepancies between the control group and treatment groups were not significantly different even though the percentage of discrepancies for the combined treatment group was 19.4% compared to 6.7% for the control group. In this study, ciprofloxacin DDT results were not an accurate indicator of the in vitro susceptibility of enrofloxacin for bacteria isolated from the middle-ear tissue of dogs with end-stage otitis.     

Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte proliferative responses to food allergens in dogs with food allergy

Two different allergy tests, antigen-specific immunoglobulin E quantification (IgE test) and flow cytometric analysis of antigen-specific proliferation of peripheral lymphocytes (lymphocyte proliferation test), were performed to examine differences in allergic reactions to food allergens in dogs with food allergy (FA). Thirteen dogs were diagnosed as FA based on clinical findings and elimination diet trials. Seven dogs clinically diagnosed with canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) were used as a disease control group, and 5 healthy dogs were used as a negative control group. In the FA group, 19 and 33 allergen reactions were identified using the serum IgE test and the lymphocyte proliferation test, respectively. Likewise, in the CAD group, 12 and 6 allergen reactions and in the healthy dogs 3 and 0 allergen reactions were identified by each test, respectively. A significant difference was found between FA and healthy dogs in terms of positive allergen detection by the lymphocyte proliferation test, suggesting that the test can be useful to differentiate FA from healthy dogs but not from CAD. Both tests were repeated in 6 of the dogs with FA after a 1.5- to 5-month elimination diet trial. The IgE concentrations in 9 of 11 of the positive reactions decreased by 20-80%, whereas all the positive reactions in the lymphocyte proliferation test decreased to nearly zero (P<0.05), suggesting that lymphocytes against food allergens may be involved in the pathogenesis of canine FA.     

Increase of serum lipid-associated sialic acid concentration in dogs with neoplasms

Serum concentrations of lipid-associated sialic acid (LASA) were determined in sera obtained from 26 apparently healthy dogs (group 1), 56 dogs with nonneoplastic disorders (group 2), and 100 dogs with neoplasms (benign [group 3], malignant [group 4]), using a simple, reliable, rapid spectrophotometric procedure. The LASA concentrations were significantly increased (P less than 0.01) in group 4 dogs (malignant neoplasms) when compared with those in dogs from groups 1, 2, and 3. The sensitivity of the test was between 71.5% and 100%, and specificity was 92.3% for group 1, 67.8% for group 2, and 80.6% for group 3. A preliminary study concerning variations of serum LASA values as a marker after surgical treatment of tumor showed a good correlation between effectiveness of therapy and serum LASA concentrations.     

Effects of a bioactive glass on healing of closed skin wounds in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of intraincisional bioactive glass on healing of sutured skin wounds in dogs. ANIMALS: 9 purpose-bred mature female Beagles. PROCEDURE: 3 small matched bilateral (treated vs control) full-thickness truncal skin incisions were made and sutured. Treated wounds received intraincisional particulate bioactive glass prior to closure. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging was used to assess percentage change in tissue perfusion 3 and 5 days after incision on 1 set of 2 matched wounds, and skin and subcutaneous tissue-cutaneous trunci breaking strength were assessed at 5 days. The other 2 sets of wounds were used for histologic evaluation at 5 and 21 days, respectively. RESULTS: Subjective signs of gross inflammatory reaction were not detected in treated or control wounds. At 5 days, median subcutaneous tissue-cutaneous trunci breaking strength was significantly higher in treated wounds than in control wounds-(188.75 vs 75.00 g). At 5 days, median scores were significantly higher for neutrophils (1 vs 0), macrophages (2 vs 1), and necrosis (1 vs 0) for treated wounds than for control wounds. At 21 days, median macrophage scores were significantly higher for treated wounds than for control wounds (2 vs 1). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bioactive glass in soft tissues does not cause a gross inflammatory reaction but causes an increase in histologic signs of inflammation, which decreases with time. Bioactive glass has potential for increasing tissue strength. Increased subcutaneous breaking strength could be beneficial in treating wounds in which early healing strength is needed.     

Effect of dobutamine in postperfusion cardiac failure in the dog.

The effect of dobutamine on cardiac function of dogs was investigated. Sixteen dogs were submitted to cardiopulmonary bypass. The aorta of each dog was cross-clamped for 1 hour; attempt was not made to perfuse the heart. After 1 hour, 8 of the 16 dogs were randomly selected and treated with dobutamine (5 mug/kg/min). The other 8 dogs were designated the control group and were given placebo. Postperfusion failure and death were used as end point criteria. Dogs given dobutamine responded remarkably well, with significantly decreased postperfusion low output syndrome. Evidence of cardiac function 5 minutes after the removal of the bypass was the criterion used to determine survival of the surgical cross-clamp procedure; however, this did not necessarily indicate survival of the dog. Of the 8 dogs given dobutamine, 6 (75%) survived the surgical cross-clamp, whereas of the 8 dogs not given dobutamine, 3 (37.5%) survived the surgical procedure. Seemingly, the effect of dobutamine is not mainly chronotropic, but is rather a direct aid to myocardial strength.     

The Association of Propofol Usage With Postoperative Wound Infection Rate in Clean Wounds: A Retrospective Study

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the use of propofol influences the postoperative infection rate of clean surgical wounds in dogs and cats. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 863 dogs and cats undergoing clean surgical procedures. METHODS: Medical and anesthetic records of surgical cases used as part of a previously described epidemiologic study on postoperative wound infection rates were reviewed. The records of all animals with clean surgical wounds were reviewed to determine if propofol had been used for anesthetic induction or maintenance during the procedure. To determine the effect of propofol use on wound infection rate, data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, followed by multiple logistic regression to adjust for various factors, including surgery time, time from clipping to surgery, antibiotic usage, coexisting distant infection, endocrine disease, and the use of immunosuppressive drugs in the perioperative period. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Of 863 dogs and cats with clean surgical wounds, 46 received propofol as part of the anesthetic protocol. A total of 6 of 46 animals (13%) receiving propofol developed postoperative wound infections, compared with 33 of 817 animals (4%) not receiving propofol (P = .014; % difference = 9%; 95% CI = 0.5% to 24%). Adjusting for all other factors evaluated, animals receiving propofol were 3.8 times more likely to develop postoperative wound infections compared to animals not given propofol (95% CI = 1.5-9.9). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Propofol is a lipid-based emulsion capable of supporting microbial growth. Administration of a potentially contaminated solution may contribute to surgical wound infection or other patient morbidity or mortality. Strict aseptic technique in the preparation of the solution and prompt disposal of unused drug are imperative to curtail the potential for extrinsic contamination.